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Disaster Resilience ScorecardJune 3, 2015
Jon Philipsborn
Climate Adaptation Director
AECOM
The “System of Systems”
For Example:
• Multiple connections and interactions:
– Causal
– Resources
– Data
• Because each system will have
different owners and stakeholders,
resilience is a multi-organizational
endeavor.
• Must consider social cohesion as well
to effectively communicate and act.
World Disaster Reduction Campaign
ObjectiveAchieve resilient, sustainable urban
communities through actions taken
by local governments to reduce
disaster risk:
Know More
Invest Wisely
Build More Safely
Making Cities Resilient:
My City is Getting Ready!
http://www.unisdr.org/campaign/resilientcities/
March 2014 press release
City Disaster Resilience Scorecard was
designed to quantifiably measure resilience
performance, support target setting and
prioritize action and investments
The Disaster Resilience Scorecard Background
• Resilience defined by UNISDR Ten Essentials
Making My City Resilient Campaign: 2,550 Cities
• Based on UN ISDR’s “Ten Essentials” of Disaster
Management and focused on City/Metropolitan Area
Quantitative tool to construct multiyear “blue print’ for
actions to improve preparedness and efficiently apply
Capital Expenditures
Tool to understand elements of resilience
Engage Private Sector when possible
• Individual assessments to define preparedness:
Definition of a “counsel of perfection”
81 Questions with 0 to 5 Rating
Not a tool to compare City “A” to City “B”
Set a baseline and then periodically re-evaluate
Engage local Private Sector when possible
– Several Pilot Demonstrations completed
UN ISDR Ten Essentials For Disaster Risk Reduction
ESSENTIAL 5: Make Education & Healthcare Infrastructure
Disaster Resilient
ESSENTIAL 6： Apply Risk-Aware Planning, Land Use and
Building Codes
ESSENTIAL 7： Build Public Awareness and Capacity
ESSENTIAL 8： Enhance and Protect Ecosystem Services
ESSENTIAL 9： Create Warning Systems and Rehearse
Preparedness
ESSENTIAL 1：Engage, Share Understanding and
Coordinate
ESSENTIAL 2： Create Financing and Incentives
ESSENTIAL 3： Identify and Understand Perils, Probabilities
and Impacts
ESSENTIAL 4： Make Critical Infrastructure Disaster Resilient
ESSENTIAL 10： Learn and Build Back Better
The Disaster Resilience Scorecard…Example Essential 3ESSENTIAL 3: Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use these as the
basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city’s [disaster]
resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with them.
This section of the scorecard will help you to assess how completely and systematically you have identified the hazards or perils that may affect your city; the impact or
damage that those hazards or perils may cause; and the effects that the impact or damage will have on the city and its communities, citizens, and economy (exposure and
vulnerability). Hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities should be structured into scenarios: without the identification of a “most probable” and a “most severe” scenario it
will be difficult to complete the scorecard.
Subject/
Issue
Item
Measured
Indicative
Measurement
Indicative Measurement Scale
Risk
assessment
Knowledge of
hazards (also
called perils)
that the city
faces, and their
likelihood.
Existence of recent,
expert-reviewed
estimates of
probability of known
hazards or perils and
their extents.
5 – Comprehensive estimates exist, were updated in last 3 years and reviewed by a 3rd party. “Most severe” and
“most probable” hazards are generally accepted as such.
4 – Estimates exist but have minor shortcomings in terms of when updated, level of review, or level of
acceptance.
3 – Estimates exist but with more significant shortcomings in terms of when updated, level of review or
acceptance.
2 – Some estimates exist but are not comprehensive; or are comprehensive but more than 3 years old; or are
not reviewed by a 3rd party.
1 – Only a generalized notion of hazards, with no attempt systematically to identify probability.
0 – No estimates.
Knowledge of
exposure and
vulnerability
Existence of
scenarios setting out
city-wide exposure
and vulnerability from
each hazard level
(see above).
5 – Comprehensive scenarios exist city-wide, for the “most probable” and “most severe” incidence of each
hazard, updated in last 18 months and reviewed by a 3rd party.
4 – Scenarios have minor shortcomings in terms of coverage, when updated, level or thoroughness of review.
3 – Scenarios have more significant shortcomings in terms of coverage, when updated, level of review,
thoroughness.
2 – Partial scenarios exist but are not comprehensive or complete; and/or are more than 18 months old; and/or
are not reviewed by a 3rd party.
1 – Only a generalized notion of exposure and vulnerability, with no attempt systematically to identify impacts.
0 – No risk assessment.
Understanding
of critical
assets and the
linkages
between these.
All critical assets are
identified (see
Essential 4) and
relationships between
them are identified in
the form of potential
“failure chains”.
5 – Critical assets are identified city-wide and systematically linked into failure chains as applicable.
4 – Critical assets and failure chains are generally identified with some minor gaps and omissions.
3 = Critical assets and failure chains identified to some degree but some significant known omissions; or
3 = Critical assets are identified but failure chains are not.
1 – Identification of critical assets is patchy at best – significant gaps exist by area, or by infrastructure system.
0 – No identification of critical assets.
The Disaster Resilience Scorecard…
ESSENTIAL 3: Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use these as the
basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city’s [disaster]
resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with them.
Subject/
Issue
Item
Measured
Indicative
Measurement
Indicative Measurement Scale
Update
process
Process
ensuring
frequent and
complete
updates of
scenarios
covering.
Existence of a
process agreed
between all relevant
agencies to:
Update hazard
estimates every 3
years or less;
Update exposure
and vulnerability
assessments and
asset inventory
every 18 months or
less.
Update processes exist, are proven to work at required frequency and thoroughness, and are accepted by
all relevant agencies;
4 – Processes exist with some minor flaws in coverage, date slippage or less important agencies being
bought in.
3 – Processes exist, but with at least 1 major omission in terms of frequency, thoroughness or agency buy-
in. Risk identification may be compromised in some areas, accordingly.
2 – Processes have some major flaws to the point where overall value is impaired and original risk
assessments are becoming significantly obsolete.
1 – Processes are rudimentary at best. A complete risk assessment – even if elderly – has yet to be
achieved.
0 – No processes.
Organization and
coordination
Budget for disaster risk reduction
and incentives for investment
Risk assessment
Invest in and
maintain critical
infrastructure
Safety of schools
and health facilities
Building regulations and
land use planning principles
Education programs and
training on disaster risk
reduction
Protect
ecosystems and
natural buffers
Early warning systems
and emergency
management capacities
Reconstruction,
rebuilding homes and
livelihoods
Bandung, Indonesia Summary
In Summary - If We Could Measure Resilience
Across all of the Systems involved…
The city could:
• Identify exposures and vulnerabilities in the population, infrastructure, economy and environment.
• Track citizens’ awareness of hazards and required responses.
• Target investment of money and effort, and track progress over time.
• Justify that investment to the public and to taxpayers.
• Integrate the contributions of the multiple agencies and stakeholders involved.
• Model the impact of land use or infrastructure decisions on future resilience.
In Summary - If We Could Measure Resilience
Across all of the Systems Involved…
Citizens could:
– Understand the risks they face.
– Understand their role in achieving a level of resilience.
Private sector companies could:
– Assess risks to their operations and supply chains
– Understand where they need to engage with cities to protect
their operations – so helping to safeguard the local economy.
Insurers could, if the scorecard was audited:
– Better assess risk and adjust premiums for highly resilient
cities
– Or perhaps, write policies where none exist today.
