DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS DISASTER RISK PREPAREDNESS

CASE OF GJIROKASTRACASE OF GJIROKASTRA 20120122

PREPARED BY:PREPARED BY:

LEFTER QIRICI (PMNZSH) LEFTER QIRICI (PMNZSH) ILIR LLURI (ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF ANTIGONEA)ILIR LLURI (ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF ANTIGONEA)

DRITAN LOLOCI (MUNICIPALITY OF GJIROKASTRA)DRITAN LOLOCI (MUNICIPALITY OF GJIROKASTRA)PABLO BALLO (CIVIL EMERGENCY)PABLO BALLO (CIVIL EMERGENCY)

MARSELA PLYKU DEMAJ (IMK)MARSELA PLYKU DEMAJ (IMK)

AND MANAGEMENTAND MANAGEMENT

It is a citadel town built by notable landowners whose interests were directly linked to those of the central powerIt is a citadel town built by notable landowners whose interests were directly linked to those of the central power. . Around Around the 13the 13thth century citadel it has a vernacular houses with turrets (Turkish Kule) characteristic of the Balkans region (17 century citadel it has a vernacular houses with turrets (Turkish Kule) characteristic of the Balkans region (17thth century – 19century – 19thth century century))

WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 2005 – EXTENSION IN WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 2005 – EXTENSION IN 20082008

Historical Centre and Buffer Zone Historical Centre and Buffer Zone

11stst Category Monuments Category Monuments

22ndnd Category Monuments Category Monuments

Historical CentreHistorical Centre

Buffer ZoneBuffer Zone

Architectural character typical of the Architectural character typical of the Ottoman PeriodOttoman Period

Retains a Bazaar, 18Retains a Bazaar, 18thth century mosque century mosque and two churches of the same periodand two churches of the same period

Its urban centre reflects a vernacular Its urban centre reflects a vernacular housing typical of the Balkans,housing typical of the Balkans,

The historic centre is remarkably well-preserved

It has been continuously inhabited from ancient times to nowadays

Bears witness to the wealth and diversity of the urban and architectural heritage of this region

Bears outstanding testimony to the diversity of urban societies in the Balkans and to longstanding ways of life which have today almost vanished

Bear outstanding testimony of various types of monuments Bear outstanding testimony of various types of monuments and and remarkable examples of remarkable examples of vernacular housingvernacular housing (2-story houses with turrets) (2-story houses with turrets)

Stakeholders to be involved in making DRM PlanStakeholders to be involved in making DRM Plan

- Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports

- Municipality of Gjirokastra

- Institute of Cultural Monuments

- Regional Directorate of National Culture - Gjirokastra

- Police for Fire Protection and Rescue

- Directorate of Water Supply and Sewage

- CEZ (Power Supply)- Institute of Archaeology

- Other

- Office of Coordination of Historical Centre (WH) UNESCO

TYPES OF HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITIESTYPES OF HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITIESLANDSLIDE LANDSLIDE (IN THE STEEP SLOPE OF THE CASTLE HILL)(IN THE STEEP SLOPE OF THE CASTLE HILL)

HAZARDHAZARD

VULNERABILITY

VULNERABILITY

LOCATION OF THE CASTLE LOCATION OF THE CASTLE

SNOW FALL LOAD ON THE SNOW FALL LOAD ON THE ROOFSROOFS

FIRE FIRE (BURNING OF GARBAGE, LIMITED ELECTRICITY, (BURNING OF GARBAGE, LIMITED ELECTRICITY, HUMAN MISTAKES, SHEPHERDS FIRE, GAS HUMAN MISTAKES, SHEPHERDS FIRE, GAS HEATER, CANDLES, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM)HEATER, CANDLES, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM)

COVERAGE OF THE ROOFS WITH SLATES COVERAGE OF THE ROOFS WITH SLATES NO COLLECTION OF GARBAGENO COLLECTION OF GARBAGE

HAZARDHAZARD

VULNERABILITY

VULNERABILITY

FIRE FIRE (BURNING OF GARBAGE, LIMITED ELECTRICITY, (BURNING OF GARBAGE, LIMITED ELECTRICITY, HUMAN MISTAKES, SHEPHERDS FIRE, GAS HUMAN MISTAKES, SHEPHERDS FIRE, GAS HEATER, CANDLES, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM)HEATER, CANDLES, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM)

ELECTRICAL CABIN LOCATED RIGHT NEXT TO THE CASTLE AREAELECTRICAL CABIN LOCATED RIGHT NEXT TO THE CASTLE AREAFESTIVAL AREA (WITHIN THE WALLS OF THE CASTLE)FESTIVAL AREA (WITHIN THE WALLS OF THE CASTLE)

HAZARDHAZARD

RAIN FALL - STREAMS CREATED IN RAIN FALL - STREAMS CREATED IN THE STONE STREETS THE STONE STREETS

BAD RESTORATION OF THE STONE PAVEMENTSBAD RESTORATION OF THE STONE PAVEMENTSUNSUFFICIENT SEWAGE SYSTEMUNSUFFICIENT SEWAGE SYSTEM

DESTROYED HOUSES BECAUSE OF DESTROYED HOUSES BECAUSE OF UNHABITATIONUNHABITATION

HAZARDHAZARD

All kinds of inventories, including lists of staff members, heritage components of the property and equipment likely to be damaged as a result of a disaster, need to be prepared and made easily accessible.

Preparation of thematic maps (hazards and vulnerability maps) in GIS

Determine the probability of different disaster scenarios, severity and loss of values for each.

PRELIMINARY WORK

MITIGATION MEASURES

- Preventing Hazards

- Mitigating the impact of hazards

- Reducing the vulnerability of the property

- Training the staff in self protection strategies

**The definition of the property and its buffer zone as well as the existing management plan of the property are a good start of mitigation measures**

DRM Plan should not be seen isolated but should be integrated to other management plans of the property (such as the general urban plan of the city)

SUPPLY OF SUPPLY OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERSFIRE EXTINGUISHERS and and SMOKE DETECTORS IN AND OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGS SMOKE DETECTORS IN AND OUTSIDE THE BUILDINGS

COMMUNITY AWARENESS OF RISK FROM FIRECOMMUNITY AWARENESS OF RISK FROM FIRE

HIDRANTS IN THE HISTORICAL CENTREHIDRANTS IN THE HISTORICAL CENTRE

SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR GAS USAGESPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR GAS USAGE

REGULAR MAINTENANCE OF THE GREEN AREASREGULAR MAINTENANCE OF THE GREEN AREAS

SHORT TERMSHORT TERM

LONG TERMLONG TERM

EFFECTIVE MONITORING SYSTEMEFFECTIVE MONITORING SYSTEM

KNOWLEDGE / STUDY KNOWLEDGE / STUDY AND USAGE AND USAGE OF TRADITIONAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF TRADITIONAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AGAINST EARTHQUAKEAGAINST EARTHQUAKE

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF MAIN MONUMENTSPERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF MAIN MONUMENTS

DEVELOPDEVELOPMENTMENT AND IMPLEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OFATION OF DETAILED AND APPROPRIATE MONITORING INDICATORS RELATED TO THE DETAILED AND APPROPRIATE MONITORING INDICATORS RELATED TO THE ATTRIBUTES WHICH CARRY THE OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE PROPERTY BASED ON DETAILED INVENTORIES;ATTRIBUTES WHICH CARRY THE OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE PROPERTY BASED ON DETAILED INVENTORIES;

PREPARATION OF FIRE RESPONSE PLANPREPARATION OF FIRE RESPONSE PLAN

PREPARATION OF MEDIUM PREPARATION OF MEDIUM TERM TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN (IN RELATION TO THE ACTUAL TERM TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN (IN RELATION TO THE ACTUAL MANAGEMENT PLAN)MANAGEMENT PLAN)

PREPARATION OF MEDIUM / LONG TERM ACTION PLAN TO ADDRESS ACTUAL VIOLATIONS AND PREVENT PREPARATION OF MEDIUM / LONG TERM ACTION PLAN TO ADDRESS ACTUAL VIOLATIONS AND PREVENT FUTURE ONES (WITH TIMESCALE) FUTURE ONES (WITH TIMESCALE)

Emergency activities such as flood control, fire prevention, and humanitarian relief efforts can lead to resettlement areas being selected at the expense of protected areas. Site managers should ensure their involvement or availability for consultation on strategic decisions during the emergency response period of a catastrophic event.

Measures such as installing hydrants or water pressure mechanisms, can have a detrimental effect on the outstanding universal value of a heritage property.

ADVANTAGES AND...

DISADVANTAGES OF MITIGATION MEASURES

Mitigation measures help in preventing hazards or mitigating the impact of hazards (such as installation of hidrants and supply of smaller vehicles for prevention of fire risk in narrow streets of the historical centre).

The community awareness as well as an effective monitoring system and periodic maintenance in the historical district are key measures against the risk of various types of hazards (fire, destroy because of unhabitation etc)