Jeanneth Calvache

Learning Activity 2.1

Discourse Analysis:- Has to do with the study of

the relationship between language and the contexts in which it is used

- is based on linguistic output - Disciplines: linguistics,

semiotics, psychology, anthropology and sociology

- Harris: he was interested in the distribution of linguistic elements

- Hymes: sociological perspective with the study of speech in its social settings

- Austin, Searle and Grice: speech-act theory -> study of language as social action

Factors: linguistic, purely situational and non- linguistic Non-linguistic Factors: have to do with the intonation, tone contour, pitch, hesitations, gestures

Types of Spoken interaction: phone talks, interviews for a job or a doctor talking formal at meetings or in classrooms

Form and Function Doing with the language (e.g. requesting, instructing) Role of participants Role of settings

Spoken Discourse

Framing move: function of utterancesPeople usually use them. e.g. right, okay, so,

Transaction: the feeling of what is being done with language,such as in the classroom

Talk as a Social Activity: Casual talk -> more casual among equalsEveryone has a role to control and monito the discourse

Birmingham Model: Initiation – response – follow up

Pairs, turn-taking, acts of politeness, conversational

Written DiscourseWRITTEN DISCOURSE Writers have time to

think about what to say and how to say it, s

Sentences are usually well formed in a way that the utterances of natural spontaneous talk are not.

Cohesion (pro-nominalization, ellipsis and conjunctions). Links between clauses and sentences of a text

Coherence: the feeling that a text hangs together, makes sense • Assume cause-effect relationshipText: markers concerned with the surface of a text – linguistic signals of semantics and discourse functions

Interpretation: depends on what the reader brings to a text and on what the authors put into it.

LARGER PATTERNS IN TEXTS Situation-compilation/problem- response-evaluation of the response Problem-solution pattern – common in textsLarger patterns – objects of interpretation