discover the magic of hf radio. welcome to worldwide communications this presentation is designed to...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Discover the MagicOf
HF Radio
![Page 2: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Welcome to Worldwide Communications
This presentation is designed to introduce the new or
recently upgraded ham to HF radio.
![Page 3: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Welcome to Worldwide Communications
The information presented here is very general.
![Page 4: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Welcome to Worldwide Communications
More information can be found in the ARRL publications listed at the end of this program.
![Page 5: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What Does HF Mean?
HF stands for HIGH FREQUENCY
These are the frequencies from 1.8* to 30 MHz or the 160 meter to 10 meter bands.
HF is also known as shortwave.
*160m is actually a Mid Frequency (MF) band but it is included in the Amateur HF bands for ease of discussion.
![Page 6: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How is HF different thanFM repeaters?
No “machine”
or infrastructure is used.
![Page 7: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How is HF different thanFM repeaters?
Allows communication beyond line of sight.
Contacts are generally a couple of hundred miles to over several
thousand miles.
![Page 8: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How is HF different thanFM repeaters?
Propagation is strongly effected by solar activity.
![Page 9: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How is HF different thanFM repeaters?
Several communication modes are available to use.
SSB, CW, RTTY, SSTV, Digital, AM
![Page 10: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Meter Band Frequency (MHz)
CW, RTTY, Data Voice
160 1.800 - 2.000
80 3.500 - 3.600 3.600 - 4.000
40 7.000 – 7.125 7.125 - 7.300
30 10.100 - 10.150
20 14.000 - 14.150 14.150 - 14.350
17 18.068 - 18.110 18.110 - 18.168
15 21.000 - 21.200 21.200 - 21.450
12 24.890 - 24.930 24.930 - 24.990
10 28.000 - 28.300 28.300 - 29.70
HF Band Allocation
![Page 11: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Who Uses HF?
Because of the ability to communicate over long
distances, HF is used by many government, military, and
commercial agencies worldwide.
![Page 13: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Who Uses HF?
Amateur Radio operators all over the world use HF for the same reasons of being able to
communicate over long distances.
![Page 14: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Amateur Radio & HF When most people hear the term ham radio they generally think of HF or shortwave and
long distance communications.
![Page 15: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Who Has HF Privileges?
In the United States all licensed Amateur Radio operators have
privileges on the HF bands.
![Page 16: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Who Has HF Privileges?
Technician and Novice class licensees are permitted to operate CW on portions of the 80, 40, 15 and 10 meter bands.
![Page 17: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Who Has HF Privileges?
Technicians also have SSB and Data privileges on portions of the 10 meter band.
![Page 18: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Who Has HF Privileges?
Technician and Novice class licensees have power limitations on the HF bands.
![Page 19: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Who Has HF Privileges?
General, Advanced and Extra class licensees are permitted to use all available modes on the HF amateur bands.
![Page 20: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Who Has HF Privileges?
General, Advanced and Extra class licensees are also permitted to use full legal power.
![Page 21: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HF is FUN
With a 100 watt transceiver and a simple wire antenna, you can start to communicate and make friends with other hams all over
the country or the world.
![Page 22: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HF is FUN
What this program covers
![Page 23: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HF is FUN
1. We will talk about how and why radio waves can travel great distances around the world.
![Page 24: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
HF is FUN
2. We will talk about HF radios and some of their features and controls.
![Page 25: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
HF is FUN
3. We will explain to you what some of the controls are on the radio and what it is that they do.
![Page 26: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HF is FUN
4. We will talk about simple antennas that are:
• very effective, • Inexpensive and• easy to construct and install.
![Page 27: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HF is FUN
5. We will also talk about some of the ways that amateurs configure their antennas to affect where their signals are going to go.
![Page 28: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
HF is FUN
Let’s Get Started
![Page 29: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hearing Signals Out of Thin Air
![Page 30: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
How It Works(Propagation)
Just as sailors use the natural forces and currents of wind and water to guide their boats,
![Page 31: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
How It Works(Propagation)
radio operators use naturally occurring charges in a layer of the atmosphere called the ionosphere to bend and reflect their radio signals.
![Page 32: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Why It Works(The Atmosphere)
• The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of several layers or regions.
![Page 33: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Why It Works(The Atmosphere)
• We are most concerned with the uppermost region called the ionosphere.
*The ionosphere is part of the thermosphere and not a separate layer or region. For our discussion we will only refer to the layers that make up the ionosphere.
![Page 34: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Role of Sol
How the Sun Opens and Closes The
Bands
![Page 35: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Sun’s energy causes atoms in the upper atmosphere to become charged. These charged particles are called ions.
![Page 36: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
This charged region of the upper atmosphere is called
the ionosphere.
![Page 37: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
When a radio wave enters this region of charged
particles, its direction of travel is altered.
![Page 38: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Radio waves change direction when they enter the ionosphere
![Page 39: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Ionosphere• The ionosphere is broken up into
layers.
• These layers are the D, E and F layers.*
*There is no A, B, or C layer. These were reserved for possible future discoveries.
![Page 40: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Ionosphere
• The Sun’s UV radiation charges these layers and this affects radio waves and how they travel.
![Page 41: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Layers of the Ionosphere
![Page 42: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The D Layer The D Layer is the lowest and
densest region of the ionosphere. It extends 37 to 57 miles above the Earth’s surface.
![Page 43: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The D Layer
Because of its density, the D-layer tends to absorb radio signals.
![Page 44: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The D Layer The absorption of RF varies by
wavelength. Longer waves such as 160m and 80m are most effected.
![Page 45: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The D Layer D-layer effect is less on 40m,
slight on 20m and inconsequential on the higher frequencies.
![Page 46: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The D Layer
The ionization level of this lower part of the atmosphere is directly related to the sunlight.
![Page 47: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The D Layer
Therefore, The D-layer begins at sunrise, peaks at noon and disappears at sunset.
![Page 48: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The D Layer The Sun’s ionization of the
upper atmosphere and creation of the D layer is what “closes” the low bands during the day.
![Page 49: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The D Layer The disappearance of the D
layer at sunset “opens” the low bands and they will remain open throughout the night.
![Page 50: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The E Layer At 62 to 71 miles above the
Earth, the E layer is the lowest portion of the ionosphere useful for long distance communications.
![Page 51: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The E Layer Ionization of the E layer occurs
rapidly after sunrise and diminishes quickly after sunset. Minimum ionization of the E layer is after midnight, local time.
![Page 52: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The E Layer
Like the D-layer, the E-layer absorbs long wavelength signals during the day.
![Page 53: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The E Layer
Signal absorption is highest when the sun is at it’s highest angle. (local noon)
![Page 54: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The E Layer
The E layer effects other Amateur bands above 30 MHz but for now we will limit our discussion to the HF bands.
![Page 55: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The F Layer The F layer is the uppermost
region of the atmosphere. It begins at approximately 100 miles and can extend to over 310 miles above the Earth’s surface.
![Page 56: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The F Layer
The F layer is responsible for most of our long distance communications.
![Page 57: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The F Layer
Because this region is so far away from the Earth’s surface it is less dense than the other regions.
![Page 58: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The F Layer
It often takes a while for noticeable effects of the Sun’s radiation to develop but the charges can last long after sunset.
![Page 59: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The F Layer During the day in summertime the
Sun’s radiation can cause the F layer to become two separate layers called F-1 and F-2 layers.
The lower F-1 layer doesn’t last long after sunset.
![Page 60: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The F Layer The effects of the Sun on the
ionosphere change as the seasons change because the angle between the Sun and the Earth changes throughout the yearly cycle.
![Page 61: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
The F Layer In the summer, during periods
of high solar activity, it is not unusual to see bands like 10 and 15 meters stay open until midnight and 20 meters stay open all night.
![Page 62: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Skipping Signals
In order to travel distances greater than “line of sight”, radio signals skip off the ionosphere and return to Earth.
![Page 63: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Radio waves encountering the ionosphere above the critical angle don’t get bent enough to return to Earth. Waves entering at angles below the “critical angle reach the Earth at increasingly greater distances as the launch angle approaches horizontal.
![Page 64: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Skipping Signals Like skipping a stone on a
pond, if we send our signals off at very low angles they will make more hops and travel farther.
![Page 65: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Skipping Signals
HF operators will configure their antennas so that they can direct their signals where they want them.
![Page 66: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Skipping Signals
HF operators also know what frequency to use at different times of the day or season for effective communications.
![Page 67: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Propagation There are three basic types of
propagation of HF radio signals:1.Sky-wave
2.Ground wave3.High Angle Radiation (NVIS)
![Page 68: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Sky-Wave
The Sky-wave is the wave that travels to the upper regions of the atmosphere and gets reflected back to Earth by the ionized layers that we previously learned about.
![Page 69: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Sky-Wave
The Sky-wave is the wave that is responsible for all of our long distance communications.
![Page 70: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Sky-Wave For long distance (DX)
communications, Amateurs configure their antennas so that the radio waves take off at very low angles.
![Page 71: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Ground Wave Ground wave is the signal that
radiates close to the ground from the Earth’s surface up to the lower atmosphere or troposphere and is reflected or diffracted by the terrain.
![Page 72: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Ground Wave
Ground waves are generally good for about 100 - 200 miles on HF during the day.
![Page 73: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
High Angle RadiationNVIS
orNear Vertical Incidence Sky-wave
![Page 74: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
NVIS
• Radio Waves that take off at very high angles are reflected straight back to Earth.
![Page 75: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
NVIS
• Like squirting a hose at the ceiling, this technique allows you to blanket your signals over a significant area close to your station.
![Page 76: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
NVIS• This technique will provide reliable
communications within a 200 to 350 mile radius.
• Frequency choice for NVIS is typically 40m during the day and 80m at night
• Unlike the ground wave, NVIS signals are not affected by terrain.
![Page 78: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
The Gray Line• The transition area between
daylight and darkness is called “the gray line.”
• This area offers some unique and special propagation to the radio operator.
![Page 79: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
The gray line or terminator is a transition region between daylight and darkness. One side of the Earth is coming into sunrise, and the other is just past sunset.
![Page 80: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Building a Station
Building an effective HF station is very simple.
![Page 81: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Building a Station There are basically three main
components involved:1. An HF transceiver;
2. An antenna system. (The antenna system consists of the radiator, feed-line and matching network;
3. Good and Proper Grounding.
![Page 82: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Building a StationAccessories
As you become more involved in HF activity you will find that there are certain accessories that will make building and operating your station a little easier.
![Page 83: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
TransceiversWhat is a Transceiver?
A transceiver is a single unit that acts as transmitter and receiver.
![Page 84: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Transceivers• There are many transceivers on
the market today.
• For our discussion we will limit ourselves to the classic 100 watt, all mode type of transceivers.
![Page 85: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Transceivers All of the commercially
manufactured transceivers on the market today are state of the art and can provide good communications worldwide…
![Page 86: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Transceivers …some of the better units offer
more sophisticated circuits designed to increase the receiver’s ability to hear and select weak signals.
![Page 87: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Transceivers You do get what you pay for.
Commercial manufacturers tend to offer units in good, better, or best categories. These can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars.
![Page 88: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Transceivers There are a lot of good values to be had
in the used equipment market. There are also a lot of good hams that
get had in the used equipment and ham fest markets!!
![Page 89: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
TransceiversIt is a great idea to consult a more
experienced ham here in our club to assist you with selecting a used piece of gear. Feel free to ask, that’s part of what being in this club is about. If that person can’t help, they will find someone else in the club who can.
![Page 90: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Transceivers Whichever transceiver you
choose, you can be assured of many years of operating pleasure from your investment.
![Page 91: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
A Word About “Classic” Radios.
You will often hear hams talk about old classics and rigs that they used back in the day.
(Some are often referred to as
“Boat Anchors.”)
![Page 92: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
A Word About “Classic” Radios.
Classic radios are like classic cars.
![Page 93: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
A Word About “Classic” Radios.
They’re nice to look at, and can be fun to tinker with.
![Page 94: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
A Word About “Classic” Radios.
It’s a thrill take them out for a spin and show them off once in a while.
![Page 95: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
A Word About “Classic” Radios.
However; for your daily use, you may want to have something that is more modern and requires less maintenance.
![Page 96: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
A Word About “Classic” Radios.
Unless you are very talented and have a source for extinct components it’s a good idea to avoid these “boat anchors” as a first or primary radio.
![Page 97: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Transceivers What makes a good radio?
Scanning, memories and other “bells & whistles” are not the important features that make a good HF rig.
![Page 98: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Transceivers What makes a good radio?
The receiver’s ability to hear weak signals and separate the incoming signals are what makes a good HF rig.
![Page 99: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Transceivers What makes a good radio?
The key points to look at when selecting a transceiver are:
sensitivity (ability to hear signals) and
selectivity (ability to distinguish signals)
![Page 100: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Transceivers What makes a good radio?
Remember, you can’t work them if you can’t hear them.
![Page 101: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Transceivers
Common Controls Found OnAmateur Radio Transceivers.
![Page 102: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Multi function meter shows information at a glance
Use the meter like the speedometer in your car; don’t stare at it, but glance at it,
making sure all things are proper.
![Page 103: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Meter Functions “S” or Signal strength – This
indicates the relative strength of a received signal on a scale of 1 through 9. Strong signals are reported as dB over S9.
10 over S9. S9 + 20, etc.
![Page 104: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
The receive signal on the meter here is 32 dB over S-9 or simply said, “30 over.”
Reading The S Meter
![Page 105: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Meter Functions RF POWER – This shows
how much power the transmitter is generating to the antenna.
![Page 106: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Meter Functions SWR – This shows the
Standing Wave Ratio of the antenna, or how much power is being reflected back to the radio. 1:1 is excellent!
![Page 107: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Meter Functions ALC – This shows the condition of the
Automatic Limiting Control circuitry.
You want to make sure that you are not over-driving your transmitter.
A good reading is when the peaks top the scale and stay within the range marked on the meter scale.
![Page 108: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
What Are All Those Knobs?
![Page 109: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
VFO – Variable Frequency
Oscillator.This is the main tuning knob used to tune the frequency. This tunes your transmit and receive frequencies that are shown on the MAIN DISPLAY.
![Page 110: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Controls AF (gain) – Audio
Frequency gain. This is the “VOLUME” control for the receiver.
![Page 111: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Controls RF GAIN – This allows you to
adjust the gain of the receiver’s Radio Frequency amplifier circuits.
It allows you to make the receiver less sensitive so you can attenuate very strong signals.
![Page 112: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Controls By changing the gain in the receiver
circuits you can lower the noise floor and effectively improve the signal to noise ratio, thus improving your ability to hear weaker signals.
![Page 113: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Controls
When you adjust the RF GAIN it is normal to see the “S” METER rise.
![Page 114: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Controls MIC GAIN- This controls the
amplification of the microphone in voice modes.
It is best to adjust this for a good “in range” reading on the ALC meter.
![Page 115: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Controls MODE – This allows you to
choose the mode of operation for your transceiver.
• CW – Continuous Wave (Morse code)• USB – Upper Sideband• LSB – Lower Sideband• RTTY – Radio Teletype
![Page 116: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Controls RIT – This stands for Receive
Independent Tuning. It is used to fine tune a station you are listening to without changing your transmit frequency.
![Page 117: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Controls XIT- Transmit Independent
Tuning is similar to RIT but it only adjusts your transmit frequency.
![Page 118: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Controls RF PWR – This adjusts the
amount of transmitter output power.
![Page 119: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Controls IF SHIFT - This shifts the
center of the receiver’s pass band. Pronounced “eye eff”, it stands for Intermediate Frequency
![Page 120: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Controls Shifting the IF allows you to
avoid a signal that is close to yours by not letting it in the “window” of the receiver’s pass band.
![Page 121: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Controls NOTCH – This is another good
filter for reducing nearby interference. Unlike a window, it acts like a blind and blocks the signal that is in your window.
![Page 123: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Antennas
Now calm down. You don’t need an antenna
farm like the one shown at N5AU to have fun on HF.
![Page 124: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Antennas When we talk about our
antennas we are actually talking about an antenna system.
![Page 125: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
*An entire program can be had just on the discussion of antennas. Consideration should be given to safety and the type of operating that is being done, as well as spouse appeal.
(End of Big Note.)
BIG NOTE *
![Page 126: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
AntennasAn antenna system consists of:
1. The antenna or radiator
2. The feed-line
3. The matching network or tuner (optional)
![Page 127: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
SWR• A low SWR reading is not an
indicator of an effective antenna system!!!!!
• Click your heels and say this three times.
![Page 128: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
SWR(There is only ONE)
Think of a dummy load; it has a low SWR but it is NOT an effective antenna.
Dummy loads are not designed to radiate!
![Page 129: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Antennas The dipole is the simplest
antenna that any amateur can use on HF.
Either fed with coax or ladder line, dipoles are cheap and easy to build and install.
![Page 130: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Antennas A dipole fed with ladder line can
be made to operate effectively on more than one band when using a good matching network.
![Page 131: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Antennas A dipole can be made for a single
band. The total length of the antenna can be calculated by using the formula:
468 ÷ freq (MHz) * Velocity Factor = length in feet of a half wave dipole.
![Page 132: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Antennas Each side, or leg, of the dipole is
going to be one half of the total length. (Traditionally)
Fed with 50 ohm coax, this antenna will be resonant on the single band that it was cut for.
![Page 133: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
468f (MHz)
Feedline
The DipoleRadiator, Feedline and
matching network matching network
![Page 134: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
![Page 135: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
![Page 136: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Antennas It is not necessary to
install dipoles in a horizontal straight line.
![Page 137: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Antennas Configurations include
bent, drooping, inverted V and sloper.
![Page 138: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
![Page 139: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
“Inverted V”
![Page 140: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
![Page 141: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Sloper
![Page 142: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Antennas The tri-band Yagi or beam
antenna is popular among a lot of HF operators.Even a modest 3 element model at heights as low as 40 ft can greatly improve your signal.
![Page 143: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Antennas Many hams have earned their
DXCC award using a small tri-band beam and 100 watts of power.
![Page 144: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Three Element Tri-band Yagi
![Page 145: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
AntennasVertical Antennas
It is recommended that you read about vertical antennas in the ARRL Antenna Book before installing one.
![Page 146: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Antennas Many hams new to HF can
become disappointed by vertical antennas because they don’t understand how they work or listen to myths about them.
![Page 147: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
• Vertical antennas are excellent low angle radiators.
• Ground mounted verticals often require an extensive radial system.
• Elevated mono-band verticals only require 4 radials to be effective.
![Page 148: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Antennas Vertical antennas are excellent
low angle radiators and can be good for DX’ing.
A lot of “big gun” stations have verticals in their arsenal of antennas.
![Page 149: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Antennas Large antenna arrays are extremely
effective. (AM broadcast stations)
The down side is that they require a lot of space, they’re expensive and they require periodic maintenance and safety inspections.
![Page 150: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
AntennasW1AW
One of the towers at ARRL Headquarters. This 120 foot tower stands well above the local tree line and has lots of aluminum on it.
![Page 151: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Antennas As you become a more experienced
operator you will modify and improve your antenna farm.
The most important thing now is to get a wire up and start having some fun.
![Page 152: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Matching Networks The terms antenna tuner, match
box, Transmatch and antenna coupler, are all synonyms for a matching network.
![Page 153: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Matching Networks A matching network is a
combination of inductance and capacitance used to cancel out unwanted reactance, to better couple the transmitter power to the antenna and feed-line.
![Page 154: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Matching Networks Most modern transceivers have
built in antenna tuners or matching networks that will match the transmitter section to the antenna and feed-line.
![Page 155: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Matching Networks
Think of the matching network like the transmission in a car.
![Page 156: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
Matching Networks
While it is possible to connect the drive wheel directly to the engine, you will achieve a much more efficient transfer of power by using a transmission.
![Page 157: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Matching Networks The matching network
provides an efficient transfer of power from the transceiver to the antenna and feed-line.
![Page 158: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Matching Networks However; the use of a
matching network to achieve low SWR, can not make a poor antenna radiate any better.
![Page 159: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Matching Networks The most common
matching networks are the T- network, the Pi-network and the L-network.
![Page 160: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
L-Network
![Page 161: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Pi-Network
![Page 162: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
T-Network
![Page 163: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Feed-line The line that connects the
antenna to the radio is called the feed-line.
![Page 164: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Feed-line For the purpose of this
demonstration we will only mention 50 ohm coax (unbalanced) and balanced ladderline or twin lead.
![Page 165: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Feed-line Most hams use 50 ohm coax
to feed their antennas.
It is easy to use and requires no special handling to bring it into the shack.
![Page 166: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Feed-line
Because of the 50 ohm impedance of the coax it matches the output of all modern transceivers.
![Page 167: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Feed-line In addition to matching the
transceiver’s output, the 50 ohm coax also closely matches the feed point impedance of a resonant dipole.
![Page 168: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
Feed-line Twin lead or ladderline can be
used on mono or multi-band antennas.
Because it is balanced, it has no feed-line loss!
![Page 169: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Feed-line When used with a good tuner, a
dipole fed with ladderline can be a very effective all band antenna.
Also know as a “Doublet.”
![Page 170: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Grounding
For lightning safety, to prevent interference, lower man-made noise, and increase antenna radiation efficiency, your station should be well grounded.
![Page 171: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
Grounding
A good general statement is to have an earth ground using an 8 foot ground rod as close to the equipment as possible.
![Page 172: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
Grounding
Avoid grounding to water pipes.
NEVER connect a ground to a gas pipe.
![Page 173: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
Grounding
If you add a ground rod, always bond it to the existing house ground!
![Page 174: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
Grounding
All equipment should be grounded to a common point and then connected to the ground rod.
DO NOT “daisy chain” or ground equipment to each other.
![Page 175: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
![Page 176: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
Grounding
All antennas and antenna support structures (masts and towers) must be grounded.
Feed-line should be grounded at the entry point to your shack.
![Page 177: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
![Page 178: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Grounding
All ground leads should be as short as possible and made with heavy gauge wire or wide copper strap.
![Page 179: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Grounding
Grounding should be checked yearly. Clean up corrosion at connections, make sure your copper has not been eaten away or stolen!
![Page 180: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Grounding
Please refer to the ARRL handbook for additional information on station grounding.
![Page 181: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Safety•Electrical Safety
•RF Safety
•Physical Safety
![Page 182: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
RF Safety
As a licensed Amateur Radio operator you are required to know about RF exposure.
![Page 183: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
RF Safety
Most 100 watt stations will not have any difficulty in meeting FCC exposure requirements.
![Page 184: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
RF Safety
However, it is your responsibility to verify proper installation and operation of your station equipment, feed-line, antennas and grounding.
![Page 185: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
RF Safety Complete information about RF
safety can be found on the ARRL website
http://www.arrl.org/tis/info/rfexpose.html
Or in the ARRL publication
“RF Exposure and You” by Ed Hare, W1RFI
![Page 186: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
Physical Safety
NEVER attempt to erect antennas near powerlines.
You can easily be killed!
![Page 187: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Physical Safety Always use safety
equipment when climbing towers or roofs.
Keep all ladders on solid surfaces.
![Page 188: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
Physical Safety
Don’t work alone.
It is a good idea to have a helper when trying to hang wires or climb towers.
![Page 189: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
Get On The Air
Experienced HF operators in your local club will be able to advise you as you build your station.
![Page 190: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
Get On The Air
DX and contesting clubs are good sources of information for HF operating.
![Page 191: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
Get On The AirContests & Operating Events Participation in operating
events will improve your skills and enhance your operating pleasure.
![Page 192: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
Get On The Air These events also
provide opportunities to find ways to improve your station.
![Page 193: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
Get On The AirAwards
There are many awards available for the HF operator to earn.
![Page 194: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
Get On The AirAwards
The most coveted is the DX Century Club or DXCC, awarded for making contact with 100 countries.
![Page 195: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
![Page 196: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
Get On The AirAwards
There are many other awards including the Worked All States (WAS) award for contacts with all 50 U.S States.
![Page 197: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
![Page 198: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
Get On The Air Choosing the band or mode of
operation is up to you.
Listen for activity on all the bands; 40m – 10m during the day, 160m, 80m & 40m at night.
![Page 199: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
Get On The Air
Now that you have the basics of HF operating, it’s time to get on the air and start having fun.
![Page 200: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
PublicationsARRL License
Manuals
http://www.arrl.org/catalog/lm
![Page 201: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
Morse Code Study Materials
http://www.arrl.org/catalog/lm
![Page 202: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
Publications
ARRL Antenna Book
http://www.arrl.org/catalog/?item=9043
![Page 203: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/203.jpg)
Publications
The Complete DX'erby Bob Locher, W9KNI
http://www.arrl.org/catalog/?item=9073
![Page 204: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/204.jpg)
http://www.arrl.org/catalog/?item=6621
Publications
RF Exposure and You
By Ed Hare, W1RFI
![Page 205: Discover the Magic Of HF Radio. Welcome to Worldwide Communications This presentation is designed to introduce the new or recently upgraded ham to HF](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110304/551b8231550346d6338b5755/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
Club Contacts
David Rudd – AI4JI
[email protected] 678-462-4501
Satellite Bob – AG4BR
[email protected] 770-605-3146