discrimanción condicional y equivalencia de estimulos.docx

7/24/2019 Discrimancin condicional y Equivalencia de Estimulos.docx

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL FEDERICO VILLARREAL

FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA

DISCRIMINACIONES CONDICIONALES Y EQUIVALENCIA DEESTMULOS

Neyra, Maricarme

Pam!a, Day"i

Ram#", A$e%a&r#

2015


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Introduccin


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Captulo I

'('( )Q*+ e" $a Di"crimiaci c#&ici#a$-

Para P+re. /011'2, La &i"crimiaci e" *a ca!aci&a& 3*e e" ece"aria !ara

e$ &e"arr#$$# &e i4ii&a& &e c#&*c5a" y c#m!#r5amie5#" &i"5i5#", &e 4#rma

6eera$, e7i"5e " 5i!#" &e &i"crimiaci#e"( P#r * $a $a" &i"crimiaci#e"

"im!$e" e $a" c*a$e" *a c#&*c5a "e !r#&*ce a5e * e"58m*$# e !ar5ic*$ar( P#r

e%em!$#, &ecir $#" #m9re" &e :aria" !er"#a" "# &i"crimiaci#e" "im!$e", !#r3*e

ca&a !er"#a 4*ci#a c#m# * ;ic# e"58m*$# :i"*a$ &e$ 3*e &e!e&e $a c#&*c5a &e

&ecir "* #m9re /Di"crimiaci "im!$e "*ce"i:a2< E #5r# e%em!$#, e$ i=# "e=a$a

c# e$ &e $a :aca ca&a :e. 3*e :e e$ &i9*%# &e *a :aca e *a $>mia &e aima$e"(

Tam9i+ e" *a &i"crimiaci "im!$e !#r3*e $a c#&*c5a &e "e=a$ar "e &iri6e a *

e"58m*$# e !ar5ic*$ar /Di"crimiaci "im!$e "*ce"i:a2(

E *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$, $a c#&*c5a &e!e&e &e $a !re"ecia

"im*$5>ea &e " e"58m*$#", $#" c*a$e" &e5ermia c#%*5ame5e $a c#&*c5a( E$ca"# m>" c#m; &e &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ #c*rre c*a "e !r#&*ce *a

re"!*e"5a &e e$ecci e5re " # :ari#" e"58m*$#" e 4*ci &e $a !re"ecia &e *

e"58m*$# a&ici#a$( P#r e%em!$#, $e &ecim#" a * i=# 3*e e$i%a e$ ?6a$$#@ y $e

!re"e5am#" " 4i6*ra" &e aima$e", e$ i=# e$i6e $a 4i6*ra &e$ 6a$$#( E #5ra"

#ca"i#e", $e &ecim#" 3*e e$i%a e$ ?%a6*ar@ y e$ i=# e$i6e $a 4i6*ra &e$ %a6*ar( E e"5e

ca"# $a &i"crimiaci e" c#&ici#a$ !#r3*e $a re"!*e"5a &e e$ecci &e!e&e # "$#

&e $a 4i6*ra 3*e e$ i=# "e$ecci#a, "i# 5am9i+ &e $a !a$a9ra 3*e $e &ecim#" a$ i=#

/P+re., 011'2


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T8!icame5e, e ca&a #ca"i, $a c#&*c5a e"5> c#5r#$a&a !#r * e"58m*$#

e5re :ari#" e"58m*$#" &e e$ecci !re"e5e"( Per# a&em>", e"5> c#5r#$a&a !#r *

e"58m*$# a&ici#a$ c#&ici#a$B3*e e"5> !re"e5e e ca&a #ca"i y 3*e :ar8a

c#5i*ame5e, $a c#&*c5a e"5> &e5ermia !#r *a &i"crimiaci "*ce"i:a /P+re.,011'2(

Se6; Si&ma /', ', 01112 La" &i"crimiaci#e" c#&ici#a$e" "#

#!era5e" &e c*a5r# 5+rmi#", !*e"5# 3*e $a c#&*c5a e"5> c#5r#$a&a !#r * e"58m*$#

e5re :ari#" e"58m*$#" &e e$ecci !re"e5e"< e$ e"58m*$# c#&ici#a$ e"5a !re"e5a e

ca&a m#me5# y :ar8a c#"5a5eme5e(

E $a" i:e"5i6aci#e" &e 5i!# e7!erime5a$, "e &e#mia ?m*e"5ra@ a$

e"58m*$# c#&ici#a$ 3*e e"5> !re"e5e e ca&a #ca"i /e"ay#2< "e $$ama

?c#m!araci#e"@ a $#" e"58m*$#" &e e$ecci e ca&a #ca"i( E 6eera$, e *a

&i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ $a c#&*c5a e"5> &i"crimia&a !#r $a !re"ecia c#%*5a &e

* e"58m*$# m*e"5ra y !#r $a c#m!araci c#rrec5a( La #!era5e &e c*a5r# 5+rmi#"

e"5> 4#rma&a !#r $#" " e"58m*$#" a5ece&e5e" /$a m*e"5ra y $a c#m!araci

c#rrec5a2, $a re"!*e"5a 3*e !r#&*ce $a !er"#a y e$ re4#r.ar /P+re., 011'2(

1.2. Condiciones para la Discriminacin condicional en el

aprendizaje

Para 3*e *a !er"#a a!re&a *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ e" ece"ari#

3*e "e e7!#6a a *a c#5i6ecia &e c*a5r# 5+rmi#"/a # "er 3*e $a &i"crimiaci

c#&ici#a$ emer%a c#m# re"*$5a &e$ a!re&i.a%e &e #5ra" &i"crimiaci#e"2( E *a

c#5i6ecia &e c*a5r# 5+rmi#", e$ re4#r.ar "e !re"e5a c#5i6e5e c# $a


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"e$ecci &e *a c#m!araci e !re"ecia &e *a m*e"5ra( Para 3*e $a re"!*e"5a &e

"e$ecci 3*e&e c#5r#$a&a !#r $a c#m!araci c#rrec5a e" ece"ari# 3*e aya :aria"

c#m!araci#e" !re"e5e" "im*$5>eame5e( Para 3*e $a re"!*e"5a 3*e&e c#5r#$a&a

9a%# $a m*e"5ra c#rre"!#&ie5e e" ece"ari# 3*e aya :aria" m*e"5ra" 3*e a!are.ca&e 4#rma a$ea5#ria e e"ay#" "*ce"i:#"( P#r e"5a" ra.#e", $a" c#5i6ecia" &e

c*a5r# 5+rmi#" &e9e ic$*ir :aria" m*e"5ra" y :aria" c#m!araci#e"( E e"ay#"

"*ce"i:#" "e &e9e !re"e5ar 5#&a" $a" m*e"5ra"( A&em>", $a" !#"ici#e" &e $a"

c#m!araci#e" &e9e :ariar a $# $ar6# &e $#" e"ay#"( Si $a" !#"ici#e" # :ariara, $a

re"!*e"5a &e e$ecci a5e ca&a c#m!araci !#&r8a e"5ar c#5r#$a&a !#r $a !#"ici

&e $a m*e"5ra e $*6ar &e e"5ar$# !#r $a 4#rma 48"ica &e $a c#m!araci /P+re., 011'2(

Para e"5a9$ecer $a" c#5i6ecia" e" ece"ari# a&mii"5rar e$ re4#r.ar

c*a e$ "*%e5# "e$ecci#a $a c#m!araci c#rre"!#&ie5e a5e *a m*e"5ra

&e5ermia&a y # a&mii"5rar e$ re4#r.ar c*a e$ a!re&i. "e$ecci#a *a

c#m!araci &i4ere5e(

1.3. Componentes de la discriminacin condicional

E$ re"!#&er a5e *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ im!$ica 5re" c#m!#e5e"H

Primer#, e" !reci"# 3*e "e !r#&*.ca *a &i"crimiaci "*ce"i:a, &e ca&a e"ay#

re"!ec5# a $#" &em>", e5re $a" m*e"5ra"( Se6*, e" !reci"# 3*e "e !r#&*.ca *a

&i"crimiaci "im*$5>ea, e ca&a e"ay#, e5re $a" c#m!araci#e"( E"5#" "

c#m!#e5e" "# re3*i"i5#" i&i"!e"a9$e" !ara 3*e *a !er"#a !*e&a rea$i.ar $a&i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$( E"5# im!$ica 3*e # 9ie e$ "*%e5# a a&3*iri e"5#" "

5i!#" &e &i"crimiaci#e" a5e" &e 3*e "e $e e"e=e *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ #

9ie &e9e a!re&er e"5a" " a9i$i&a&e" &*ra5e e$ !r#ce"# &e a!re&i.a%e &e +"5a

/P+re., 011'2(


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E$ 5ercer c#m!#e5e !ara re"!#&er a *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$

c#"i"5e e "e$ecci#ar ca&a c#m!araci a5e $a m*e"5ra c#rre"!#&ie5e( E"5e

a"!ec5# e" im!#r5a5e !#r3*e ay cier5a" !r#9a9i$i&a&e" &e #95eer * '11 &e

re"!*e"5a" c#rrec5a" !#r ca*"a" &i"5i5a" &e$ !r#6rama &e e"e=a.a( E"5e "*ce"# e"

a9i5*a$ &e"!*+" &e 3*e * "*%e5# a a!re&i :aria" &i"crimiaci#e"

c#&ici#a$e", ya 3*e e" m*y 4>ci$ 3*e a"i6e ar9i5rariame5e *a c#m!araci a

ca&a m*e"5ra /P+re., 011'2(

'(( Pr#ce&imie5#" !ara e"e=ar &i"crimiaci#e"

c#&ici#a$e"

Jay :aria" 4#rma" &e e"e=ar *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$( E$ em!$e# &e

ca&a !r#ce&imie5# &e!e&e &e$ 5i!# &e !ar5ici!a5e y &e$ 5i!# &e 5area 3*e "e :aya a

e"e=ar( C*a $a e"e=a.a "e rea$i.a c# !r#!"i5#" a!$ica", e$ !r#ce&imie5#

&e!e&e &e$ 5i!# &e #!era5e 3*e "e &e"ee e"5a9$ecer( Para e"e=ar $a i6*a$acii&+5ica a $a m*e"5ra /c*a $a m*e"5ra y $a c#m!araci c#rrec5a "# "iem!re

i6*a$e"( P#r e%em!$#, c*a * i=# 5iee 3*e i6*a$ar e$ &i9*%# i&+5ic# 3*e "e $e

!re"e5a2 "e em!$ea 5+cica" &i4ere5e" &e $a" 3*e "e em!$ea !ara e"e=ar $a

i6*a$aci ar9i5raria a $a m*e"5ra( E !ar5ici!a5e" *ma#" ?#rma$e"@ &e !#c#"

a=#" &e e&a&, $a i6*a$aci i&+5ica a $a m*e"5ra "e !r#&*ce &e 4#rma 6eera$i.a&a "i

e"e=a.a !re:ia< "i em9ar6#, e cier5a" !er"#a" c# re5ar, e" ece"ari# !r#9ar$a

!ara 3*e "*ce&a # e"e=ar$a e7!$8ci5ame5e /P+re., 011'2(

1.5. El aprendizaje de discriminaciones condicionales


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E$ !r#ce&imie5# m>" "eci$$# !ara e"e=ar *a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$

c#"i"5e e e"5a9$ecer *a c#5i6ecia &e c*a5r# 5+rmi#" "i a=a&ir m>" e$eme5#"

a$ !r#ce&imie5#( E5#ce", "e !re"e5a 5#" $#" 5i!#" &e e"ay#" &e"&e e$ !rimer

m#me5# &e e"e=a.a y "e re4*er.a &i4erecia$me5e $a" "e$ecci#e" c#rrec5a"< !arae$$#, "e !re"e5a a$ea5#riame5e 5#&a" $a" m*e"5ra" e "*ce"i:#" e"ay#" y "e

!re"e5a 5#&a" $a" c#m!araci#e" /P+re., 011'< Se$i6ma, 01112(

E"5e !r#ce&imie5# "eci$$# ace 3*e m*c#" "*%e5#" c#me5a m*c#"

err#re" y 3*e !er"#a" c# !r#9$ema" &e a!re&i.a%e # !*e&a a!re&er c*a "e

em!$ea e"5e !r#ce&imie5#( A&em>", *a 4rec*ecia 6ra&e &e err#re" !r#&*ce

e4ec5#" em#ci#a$e" "ec*&ari#"( P#r e$$#, "e a e"5*&ia #5r#" !r#ce"#" m>"

c#m!$e%#" 3*e i5er:iee e $a e"e=a.a &e $a" &i"crimiaci#e" c#&ici#a$e"

/P+re., 011'2(

'(( Pr#ce&imie5#" e"!ec84ic#" !ara e"e=ar

&i"crimiaci#e" c#&ici#a$e"

E$ !r#ce&imie5# 6eera$ e" "*4icie5e !ara 3*e * i=# &e &e"arr#$$# #rma$

may#r &e "ei" # "ie5e a=#" a!re&a $a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$( Si em9ar6#,

a$6*a" !er"#a" c# &i4ic*$5a&e" &e a!re&i.a%e # a!re&e &e e"5a 4#rma( C# e$

#9%e5i:# &e e"e=ar &i"crimiaci#e" c#&ici#a$e" a e"5a" !er"#a", "e a

i:e"5i6a 4ac5#re" 3*e &e5ermia "* a!re&i.a%e( Sa*&er" y S!ra&$i /',

'K2 !$a5ea " 5i!#" &e !r#ce&imie5#"H U#" !r#ce&imie5#" ace !#"i9$e 3*e$a c#&*c5a 3*e&e &i"crimia&a !#r $a m*e"5ra, y #5r#" !r#ce&imie5#" ace 3*e $a

c#&*c5a 3*e&e &i"crimia&a !#r $a" c#m!araci#e"(


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'(('( La re"!*e"5a &i4erecia$ a $a m*e"5ra

U# &e $#" !r#ce&imie5#" 3*e !*e&e 4aci$i5ar $a e"e=a.a &e *a&i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ e !er"#a" e" $a e"e=a.a &e *a re"!*e"5a &i4erecia$ a

$a m*e"5ra( E"5a" i:e"5i6aci#e" "e &eri:a &e i:e"5i6aci#e" !rece&e5e" "#9re

i6*a$aci i&+5ica a $a m*e"5ra y &e i:e"5i6aci#e" c$>"ica" c# !ic#e"( E"5e

e4ec5# "e !*e&e $#6rar 9ie re3*irie * !r#6rama &e re4#r.amie5# &i4ere5e a

ca&a m*e"5ra 3*e "e e"e=a a5e" &e c#me.ar $a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ # e e$

m#me5# &e $a &i"crimiaci /Sa*&er" y S!ra&$i< ', 'K2(

Si 9ie !arece 3*e 4aci$i5a $a a&3*i"ici &e $a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ e

*ma#", e$ ec# &e &e%ar "i e4ec5# e"5e re3*i"i5# e e"5a&i#" !#"5eri#re" &e $a

e"e=a.a # im!i&e 3*e $a &i"crimiaci "e ma5e6a(

Ua :aria5e &e e"5e !r#ce&imie5# c#"i"5e e acer 3*e e$ !ar5ici!a5e

e7!re"e * #m9re &i4ere5e !ara ca&a m*e"5ra a5e" &e "e$ecci#ar $a c#m!araci(

E" &e #5ar 3*e e"e=ar *a re"!*e"5a &i4erecia$ a $a m*e"5ra, "i #5r#" e$eme5#",

!*e&e # "er "*4icie5e !ara 3*e "e a&3*iera $a &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ /Sa*&er"

y S!ra&$i< ', 'K2(

'((0( E$ !r#ce&imie5# &e 9$#3*e"

E"5e m+5# c#"i"5e e !re"e5ar iicia$me5e 9$#3*e" &e e"ay#" e $#"

3*e "$# "e !re"e5a9a *a m*e"5ra, a$5era" c# 9$#3*e" &e$ mi"m# 5ama=# e $#"

3*e !re"e5a9a $a m*e"5ra a$5era5i:a( Tra" "*ce"i:a" i:er"i#e" y &e!e&ie &e


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$a 5a"a &e acier5#", "e &e9e re&*cir e$ 5ama=# &e $#" 9$#3*e" a"5a ca5i&a&e"

m8ima"( E"5e !r#ce&imie5#, &em*e"5ra may#r *5i$i&a& e !er"#a" c# re5ra"#

me5a$ /Sa*&er" y S!ra&$i< ', 'K2(

'(( Pr#ce&imie5#" 3*e 4aci$i5a $a &i"crimiaci &e $a

c#m!araci

L#" !r#ce&imie5#" 3*e 4aci$i5a $a &i"crimiaci &e $a c#m!araci "e

9a"a e $a !re"e5aci !r#6re"i:a 9ie &e $a c#m!araci ic#rrec5a # 9ie &e $a

m*e"5ra # e $a !re"e5aci !r#6re"i:a &e $a" c#m!araci#e" e !#"ici#e" a$ea5#ria"

/P+re., 011'2(


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Captulo II

0('( E3*i:a$ecia &e e"58m*$#"

Se a !r#!*e"5# 3*e e$ !ara&i6ma &e $a" re$aci#e" &e e3*i:a$ecia e5re

e"58m*$#" e" &e *5i$i&a& !ara e$ e"5*&i# 4*ci#a$ &e $#" !r#ce"#" &e a!re&i.a%e

c#m!$e%# e "ere" *ma#" /Si&ma y Tai$9y, '02( E"5e !ara&i6ma a c#9racrecie5e i5er+" !#r "er re$e:a5e !ara $a c#m!re"i &e *a 6ra :arie&a& &e

4eme#" 5a$e" c#m# $a c#&*c5a "im9$ica /Jaye" y Jaye", '2 y $a 4#rmaci

&e c#ce!5#" # $a" re$aci#e" e5re e$ acer y e$ &ecir /Ca5aia, Sim#44 y Ma5e",

'12( De"&e $#" !rimer#" e"5*&i#" &e Si&ma /''2 $#" &e"arr#$$#" a e"5a m*y

$i6a" a $a" a!$icaci#e" !r>c5ica" /Fi#re5ii, Ai"me&i y Y#ri#, 01'02(

De4ii e 4#rma am!$ia, e3*i:a$ecia &e e"58m*$# e" "iim# &e

"*"5i5*i9i$i&a& &e e"58m*$#"( Si * e"58m*$# 3*e c#5r#$a *a re"!*e"5a e"

reem!$a.a !#r #5r# e"58m*$#, "i a$5erar $a" !r#9a9i$i&a& &e $a" re"!*e"5a" 4*5*ra",

"e i4iere 3*e am9#" e"58m*$#" "# e3*i:a$e5e" /Gree Sa*&er", '2( Para

c#m!r#9ar $a a&3*i"ici &e c$a"e" &e e3*i:a$ecia /e $*6ar &e "im!$e" re$aci#e"

e"58m*$# re"!*e"5a2, "e re3*iere 3*e $a" re$aci#e" c#&ici#a$e" :eri4i3*e $a"

!r#!ie&a&e" &e e3*i:a$ecia 5a$ c#m# "e &e4ie e $6ica y ma5em>5ica"H

re4$e7i:i&a&, "ime5r8a y 5ra"i5i:i&a&(

E e$ !ara&i6ma &e e3*i:a$ecia &e e"58m*$#", $a" re$aci#e" c#&ici#a$e" &e

re4$e7i:i&a&, "ime5r8a y 5ra"i5i:i&a& "e c#m!r*e9a "i e5reamie5#, $*e6#

&e *a "erie &e 5area" &e &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ c# e"58m*$#" ar9i5rari#"

re$aci#a"( E$ !r#ce&imie5# a9i5*a$ !ara e$ a!re&i.a%e &e &i"crimiaci


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c#&ici#a$ /c#&i5i#a$ &i"crimia5i# 5raii62 "e e4ec5;a me&ia5e *a 5area &e

em!are%amie5# c# $a m*e"5ra /ma5c 5# "am!$e2( E e"5a 5area, e$ "*%e5#

"e$ecci#a c*>$ &e $#" e"58m*$#" &e c#m!araci /3*e "e !re"e5a 6eera$me5e

%*5#", "im*$5>eame5e # "*ce&ie a * e"5im*$# &e m*e"5ra2 e" &i"crimia5i:#!ara e$ re4#r.amie5#, a 5ra:+" &e $#" "*ce"i:#" e"ay#"( Mie5ra" 3*e $a a&3*i"ici

&e re$aci &e e3*i:a$ecia e5re e"58m*$#" re!re"e5a $a 4#rmaci &e c$a"e" &e

e"58m*$#", y !*e&e "er a"imi$a&a a$ !r#ce"amie5# "im9$ic#, e$ a!re&i.a%e

&i"crimia5i:# e"58m*$#e"58m*$# /a; c#"5i5*ye *a 4#rma &e a!re&i.a%e

c#m!$e%#2 # !*e&e "er re$aci#a c# * i:e$ &e !r#ce"amie5# 5a$( Gra !ar5e &e

$a i:e"5i6aci "#9re a!re&i.a%e &e &i"crimiaci c#&ici#a$ i:#$*cra e"58m*$#"

3*e # 5iee "imi$ari&a& !erce!5*a$, ar9i5rariame5e a"i6a" !#r e$ i:e"5i6ar a" # m>" c$a"e" /#i&e5i5y ma5c 5# "am!$e2< "ie e$ em!are%amie5# c# $a

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13/25

e$ e"5*&i# &e $a" 4#rma" c#m!$e%a" &e$ c#m!#r5amie5# e "ere" *ma#" /Gme.,

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14/25

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15/25

re3*erir8a *a &em#"5raci "e!ara&a &e $a re4$e7i:i&a&, 3*e a me* e"

#mi5i&a(

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16/25

( E e$ !r#ce&imie5# &e condicionamiento clsico "e !re"e5a * e"58m*$# A

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m*e"5ra( A"8, 2&e"!*+" &e a9er "i e7!*e"5# a * e5reamie5# !a:$#:ia#

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17/25

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0('(( E$ #ri6e &e $a" re$aci#e" # e5rea&a"


18/25

Pa"a ya a$ #ri6e &e $a emer6ecia &e *e:a" re$aci#e" # e5rea&a"

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24/25

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discrimanción condicional y equivalencia de estimulos.docx

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