discurso echegaray nov1898

8/3/2019 Discurso Echegaray nov1898

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MJRB[\RHAKJMH _H\ KA KTB@H# RKH\

M# EHR KBDKNI\IZ

KA MJI 9? MK CHWJK@L\K MK 94:4

KC KA

I]KCKH BJKC]GJBH! AJ]K\I\JH Z I\]R]JBH MK @IM\JM

BHC @H]JWH MK AI I_K\][\I MK R[R B]KM\IR

@IM\JM

KR]# ]J_HN\GJBH R[BKRH\KR MK \JWIMKCKZ\I

J@_\KRH\KR MK AI \KIA BIRI_irkh mk Ric Wjbkc}k!


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RKH\KR5

B{`pajkcmh {c mklk| jcka{mjlak! dk mk jci{n{|i| ka c{kwh b{|rh mka I}kckh mk@im|jm bhc ai akb}{|i mk ai p|krkc}k @k`h|ji! rj kr y{k }ia ch`l|k `k|kbkc air jmkiry{k k p|hphcnh rh`k}k| |krpk}{hri`kc}k w{kr}|i bhcrjmk|ibjc#

Z ch dk mk hb{a}i|ah! ph|y{k rk|ji jc}ja# Lieh ljkc }|jr}kr j`p|krjhckr! z kc {ckr}imh mk cj`h y{k ch kr `{z p|hpjh pi|i ka mkrk`pkh mk k`p|krir bjkc}gjbir aj}k|i|jir! bh`jkcuh kr}k }|ilieh#

Y{ mjgk|kcbji }ic n|icmk! rkh|kr! kc}|k kr}i jci{n{|ibjc z h}|ir `{bdir mkihr ic}k|jh|kr)

Z i{cy{k pi|i `i|bi| kr}i mjgk|kcbji lir}i|i |kbh|mi| ahr ch`l|kr mk ahrp|kbai|hr jcnkcjhr z mk ahr jcrjnckr _|krjmkc}kr y{k kc h}|ir hbirjhckr dic hb{pimh kr}krj}jh! mkrmk ka b{ia! ph| bi|jhri i`jr}im w{kr}|i! `r y{k ph| `|j}hr `hr! hr mj|jeh ai

piail|i! ch kr kr}i mjgk|kcbji ai y{k `k |kgjk|h#Wi `j pkcri`jkc}h h}|ir |knjhckr5 bh`pi|h mir mk piu z i{c mk krpk|icui6

mir mk ib}jwjmim jc}kakb}{ia!


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-7-

mk chlakr a{bdir z mk gkb{cmir k`p|krir! bhc kr}hr mir }|jr}rj`hr z mhah|hrhr! kc y{kch diz krpiha y{k mk wk|ir ah rki y{k p{kmi pkcri| bhc idcbh z y{k p{kmi gjei| r{

i}kcbjc kc h}|i bhri y{k kc ahr ìakr mk ai _i}|ji! kc ai mkrwkc}{|i mk r{r djehr z kc ahrc{li||hckr y{k ph| }hmir pi|}kr bjk||ic ka dh|juhc}k mk c{kr}|i wjmi cibjhcia# Z chy{jk|h |kbi|ni| ka b{im|h! y{k g{k|i j`pjkmim phck| ahr mkrir}|kr dh||jlakr mk c{kr}|iKrpii ia rk|wjbjh i|}jgjbjia mk ai |k}|jbi#

Y{jk|h mkbj| bhc ah mjbdh! y{k kr mjgbja! `{z mjgbja! ibk|}i| bhc {c }kì p|hpjhpi|i kr}k mjrb{|rh mk jci{n{|ibjc#

_h|y{k rj! p|krbjcmjkcmh mk bi}r}|hgkr z mk icn{r}jir cibjhciakr! kajeh {c }kìmk p{|i bjkcbji h mk p{|h i|}k! z rhl|k a mjrk|}h ljkc ìa! bh`h `keh| p{kmi! pk|h kcka }k||kch ilr}|ib}h! mkrjc}k|krcmh`k mk ahr n|iwrj`hr p|hlakìr y{k chr il|{ìc zmk air icrjir y{k }hmhr rkc}j`hr! pi|kbk|i y{k k|i zh p|kri mk ch r y{ ajciek mkknhr`h! mka b{ia jc}kc}ili dibk| b`pajbk ai Bjkcbji ai Aj}k|i}{|i#

Z kr}h kr ì}k|jia`kc}k j`phrjlak# B{icmh ka bh|iuc ai}k mkìrjimh j`p{arhr mka mhah|! ch diz |kphrh kc ka bk|kl|h! cj bai|jmim kc ka pkcri`jkc}h#

Z! ph| h}|i pi|}k! rj |kc{cbjicmh kaknj| {c }kì bhcb|k}h! ch hr dilah mk h}|ibhri y{k mk c{kr}|ir bi}r}|hgkr! rhl|k rk| k`p|kri jcn|i}i! kr mkrwj|}{i| kc bjk|}h `hmhka bi|b}k| mka I}kckh#

Mk r{k|}k! rkh|kr! y{k ia mj|jnj|hr ai piail|i! cj r y{ mkbj|hr! cj y{ }kìkrbhnk|! cj p{kmh mkrp|kcmk|`k mk air dhcmir p|khb{pibjhckr y{k }hmhr chr}h|}{|ilic mkrmk dibk }|kr ihr! pk|h y{k kc kr}k a}j`h z g{ckr}h kc y{k ic wjwj`hr!rj kr}h kr wjmi! rk dic bhc-


4/36

->-

wk|}jmh kc icn{r}jir bh`h ei`r air dili ktpk|j`kc}imh c{kr}|i nkck|ibjc! bhc dilk|rjmh }ic}hr z }ic p|hg{cmhr z }ic }|icrbkcmkc}iakr ahr }|ir}h|chr y{k dic inj}imh ka rkch

mk ai ìm|k _i}|ji#[c }kì kr ckbkri|jh! rjy{jk|i ph| |krpk}h ai gh|ì z ai bhr}{`l|k# _k|h kr}k}kì di mk |kaibjhci|rk! z rk |kaibjhci|i i{cy{k zh ch y{jrjk|i! bhc c{kr}|i rj}{ibjcib}{ia#

Ia }kì! p{kr! mk `j mjrb{|rh! ph| mi|ak ianc }j}{ah! ak mhz r}k5 Y{ kr ahy{k bhcr}j}{zk ai g{k|ui mk air cibjhckr8 [c }kì kc gh|ì mk jc}k||hnibjc) _k|hibirh b{ic}h chr |hmki ch kr {ci jc}k||hnibjc gh|`jmilak8 Z ch ah p|kbjrh `r pi|i}kck| bi`ph ajl|k kc y{k |kwhawk|`k! z k`pakh kr}i piail|i ph|y{k }ic ibhrimhrkr}i`hr ahr krpihakr ph| ai gi}iajmim! y{k kc kr}hr jcr}ic}kr r{p|k`hr ch bi`jci`hr!ch! rjch y{k chr |kwhawk`hr! bh`h ka y{k kr} bjknh ph| air an|jìr z ìa dk|jmh `{zbk|bi mka bh|iuc! z rjkc}k }|ir rj nkc}kr aj`pjir y{k rk kcriic kc iuh}i|ak }|ijbjc#

Chr |kwhawk|k`hr! p{kr! bh`h phmi`hr6 y{k kr}hr p|j`k|hr `h`kc}hr rhc mkw|}jnh! dir}i y{k rk chr bia`k ianc }ic}h ai ricn|k z rk chr rky{kc ianc }ic}h ahrhehr! z chr mk`hr b{kc}i mk mcmk kr}i`hr! z phmi`hr |h`pk| kc ian{ci mj|kbbjc! y{kheia rki ai l{kci z ch chr aakwk! }|ir c{kwhr mkaj|jhr! c{kwhr iljr`hr#

Mk ah y{k bhcr}j}{zk ai g{k|ui mk air cibjhckr dk mjbdh y{k kr ka }kì6 y{k kcrj kr ì}k|ji ilr}|ib}i mk bjkcbji rhbjia! pk|h y{k pi|i chrh}|hr kr p|hlakì mkib}{iajmim#

_h| ah y{k }jkck mk bjkcbji p{|i p{kmk |krphcmk| air }|imjbjhckr bjkc}gjbir mkaI}kckh6 ! `keh| mjbdh!


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-4-

phm|i |krphcmk| rj zh ibk|}irk i mkri||haai|ah! y{k ch ibk|}i|6 ch }kcnh }ic i`ljbjhrikrpk|icui! cj mk ai krpk|icui phmk`hr il{ri| `{bdh kc kr}k pi|i chrh}|hr gjc }|njbh

mka rjnah TJTZ i ai wku ka }kì rk| mk ib}{iajmim! y{k ch diz l{kc krpiha! rjy{jk|i chpk|}kckubi ahr jc}kakb}{iakr! y{k ch rk p|kn{c}k kr}h `jr`h i{cy{k bhc h}|i gh|ì# Cjdiz krpiha mk ahr y{k ai Bjkcbji! h i ai Aj}k|i}{|i! h ia I|}k h i ai Jcm{r}|ji rkmkmjbic! y{k ch }|ibk ic}k r{ krp|j}{ kr}i `jrì z r{p|kì jc}k||hnibjc#

Y{ kr ah y{k dibk y{k {ci cibjc rki n|icmk! rki g{k|}k! rki |krpk}imi6 y{k ail{|ai ch ai krbi|ckubi! y{k ka mkrp|kbjh ch ai d{`jaak! y{k ka g{k|}k ch ai ìa}|i}k! y{kdhz }hmhr ai |krpk}kc z y{k ai djr}h|ji ìici ai |krpk}k }i`ljc! z rj kr phrjlak aiim`j|k

Y{ diz y{k dibk| pi|i y{k {ci cibjc rki phmk|hri! pi|i y{k rj biz rkakwic}k! pi|i y{k rj y{km kc pjk ì|bdk8 _h|y{k rj mk ianc `hmh rk p{kmk bhcrkn{j|

}hmh kr}h! zh y{jk|h! mj|c }hmhr! y{k ah y{k dizi mk dibk|rk pi|i bhcrkn{j|ah! ah dinic{kr}|i Krpii#

Z ka krpiha y{k ch mjni kr}h! y{k ch pjkcrk kr}h! h y{k! ph| ah `kchr! ch rjkc}ikr}h `jr`h! y{k chr mkek bhc c{kr}|ir }|jr}kuir ahr y{k! ph|! rk| c{kr}|ir! i{c rjkcmh}|jr}kuir air iì`hr! z wzirk wjwj| bhc ahr mjbdhrhr#

B{ic}h `r mkrmjbdimi kr {ci ìm|k! di mk dilk| `r i`h| kc ahr djehrB{ic}h `r mkrmjbdimi z `r krbi|ckbjmi ai _i}|ji! di mk dilk| `r h|n{aah! z h|n{aah`r ric}h! kc aaiì|rk krpiha# Ch diz `|j}h kc rk| bh|}krich mka wkcbkmh|5 ah dizdir}i kc rk| im{aimh| mka wkcbjmh# _h|y{k mka wkcbjmh! y{ phmk`hr kr


6/36

-:-

pk|i|8 B{icmh `r! y{k chr riapjy{k bhc r{r ain|jìr#Z ia gh|`{ai| ka }kì p|kbkmkc}k! ibirh bkmjkcmh ai bhr}{`l|k! z `r y{k ! ai

bhr}{`l|k p|khb{pibjhckr z k||h|kr }|imjbjhciakr! k`pakh }|`jchr! `r y{k iekchr!hp{kr}hr `j pkcri`jkc}h#K`pakh ai piail|i g{k|ui5 ai g{k|ui mk air cibjhckr! mjnh! z pinh }|jl{}h air

`jrìr jmkir y{k whz bh`li}j|#_h|y{k kr}k k`pakh mk ai piail|i g{k|ui kr! h mklk rk|! }|`jch p|hpjh mk h}|i

bjwjajuibjc! ch mk kr}i bjwjajuibjc y{k iai|mki mk iì| ai e{r}jbji! mk |krpk}i| kamk|kbdh! mk gji|ah }hmh ai |iuc! mk ib{mj| rjk`p|k ai jc}kajnkcbji pi|i |krhawk| ahrn|icmkr p|hlakìr y{k di mk kcbhc}|i| kc r{ bi`jch#

Ljkc r y{k ch rjk`p|k kr}k c{kr}|h rjnah TJT di |krpk}imh ai e{r}jbji z kamk|kbdh! cj aakni `j hp}j`jr`h dir}i b|kk| y{k rjk`p|k di mk |krpk}i|ahr ka rjnah

p|tj`h# _k|h kr}h ch j`ph|}i# Di p|hbaiìmh iy{kaahr jmkiakr! z b{icmh ai |iui

d{ìci p|hbaiì {c jmkia! i{cy{k a gia}k! z ah i}|hpkaak! z ah ìcbdk {ci z bjkcwkbkr! ia gjc ic}k ka jmkia p|hbaiìmh bik wkcbjmi! z kc gh|ì `r `kchr pk|gkb}i ah|kiajui#

_h| krh! b{icmh zh kc ka }kì p|kn{c}h kc y{ bhcrjr}k ai g{k|ui mk {ci cibjc!ch `k |kgjk|h aig{k|ui ì}k|jia#

Zh ch b|kh y{k {ci cibjc rki g{k|}k z n|icmk ph|y{k }kcni c{`k|hrh ke|bj}hmjrbjpajcimh z in{k||jmh 6 ph|y{k }kcni ph}kc}k i|ìmi bhc kch|`kr bh|iuir mk djk||h zbihckr mk }j|h |pjmh! h bihckr mk `hcr}|{hrh biajl|k6 bh`h ch b|kh y{k {c dh`l|krki g{k|}k! kc ka rkc}jmh d{ìch mk ai piail|i! ph|y{k phrki rajmi i|-


7/36

-9?-

ìuc z |hl{r}hr `rb{ahr z `{bdi ricn|k |hei! z ph|y{k bhc r{r nhapkr h bhc r{p|krjc dini ria}i| ahr |krh|}kr mka mjci``k}|h#

Kr}i kr ai g{k|ui l|{}i! ch kr ai g{k|ui krpj|j}{ia! y{k kr ai y{k! kc a}j`hicajrjr! kr} aaiìmi nhlk|ci| air rhbjkmimkr#Z i{c kr}i g{k|ui l|{}ia! y{k rhah rk `jmk ph| fja`k}|hr! kr i wkbkr kcnihri!

wjhakc}i! i|}jgjbjia z giari! i{c lieh ka p{c}h mk wjr}i grjbh#Zh dk bhchbjmh `{bdhr dh`l|kr mk ipi|jkcbji dk|baki! y{k ph| mkc}|h! kc r{r

kc}|iir p|jcbjpiakr! k|ic mljakr bh`h cjhr z kr}ilic bhcmkcimhr wjmi l|kwk! z iagjc `h|ic birj kc ai e{wkc}{m#

Ah pk|gkb}h kc ka h|nicjr`h d{ìch! bh`h kc ka h|nicjr`h mk air rhbjkmimkr!ch kr ai g{k|ui ipi|i}hri! ch kr ai djcbdiuc i|}jgjbjia mk ahr `rb{ahr bhr}i mk airicn|k y{k dibk gia}i kc h}|i pi|}k# y{ ribi|ai mka bk|kl|h mhcmk mkljk|i biamki| ka

pkcri`jkc}h! pi|i wkcj| i b{iei|ai kc {c lbkpr8

B{icmh rk wjhakc}ic air kck|nir mka rk| d{ìch `r iaa mk ah y{k air p|hpjirkck|nir pk|`j}kc! rk gh|ei ai kr}i}{i mk bi|ck mk {c i}ak}i! pk|h mk {c i}ak}i j`lbja zdir}i kcgk|`juh ph| mkc}|h! y{k ia gjc ahr b{i|kc}i ihr `{k|k ph| ka dnimh! ph| kakr}ình! h ph| ai pi|ajrjr#

_{kr h}|h }ic}h r{bkmk bhc air cibjhckr# R{ wk|mimk|i g{k|ui! ai y{k di mkdibk|air n|icmkr z |krpk}imir z m{|imk|ir kc ai Djr}h|ji! ch kr ai g{k|ui ì}k|jia! y{k kc{c `h`kc}h mimh p{mjk|i mi|akr ka }|j{cgh z bkj|air bhc i{|khai mk giari z g{niu nah|ji#

I h}|i bairk mk g{k|ui! h}|ir kck|nir `k |kgjk|h kc `j }kì! i{cy{k ph|jcr}jc}h! y{ju ph| i}iwjr`h! dizi


8/36

-99-

k`pakimh ai piail|i g{k|ui! }|`jch p|kmjakb}h pi|i ktp|kri| ai kck|ni i}k|jia#Ai g{k|ui wk|mimk|i! ai y{k m{|i kc ka jcmjwjm{h bh`h kc air rhbjkmimkr! kr ai

y{k |kr{a}i mka ky{jajl|jh i|`cjbh kc}|k }hmir air pi|}kr mka h|nicjr`h d{ìch mkah|nicjr`h rhbjia# Kc kri g{k|ui mk i|`hci z mk ky{jajl|jh kr} ai wk|mimk|i|knkck|ibjc mk ahr p{klahr! z i{c kr ai y{k kc {c `h`kc}h mimh akr pk|`j}k mkri||haai|ìzh| r{ì mk kck|nir! z i{c mk kck|nir grjbir z pk|rjr}kc}kr# Ka |izh kr ipi|i}hrh!}k||jlak! kc {c rkn{cmh mk }jk`ph6 pk|h ai `hmkr}i bh||jkc}k kab}|jbi mk b{iay{jk|gl|jbi |kp|krkc}i kc {cir b{ic}ir dh|ir {ci r{ì mk kck|ni jc`kcri`kc}k r{pk|jh| ai mk ai bkc}kaai y{k kc ujrur mk g{knh b|{ui {ci c{lk z krpic}i bhc r{ kr}i`pjmh ahrmljakr#

Zi mjeh ch r y{ grjbh! ktp|kricmh {ci n|ic wk|mim! i{cy{k kc gh|ìdjpk|lajbi! y{k ibirh kc }hmi {ci }k`pkr}im ch dili ga{jmh r{gjbjkc}k pi|imkrbh`phck| ka in{i bhc}kcjmi kc {c wirh#

Bhcr}k! p{kr! y{k ia dilai| mk ai g{k|ui mk air cibjhckr ch `k |kgjk|h rah r{g{k|ui ì}k|jia! r{r l{y{kr lajcmimhr! cj r{r li}iaahckr# Kr}k kr {ch mk }ic}hrkak`kc}hr bh`h dic mk }kck|rk kc b{kc}i ia ip|kbji| air kck|nir mk jccicibjc5 kr ianh!kr `{bdh6 ch ah kr }hmh! cj rjy{jk|i ai `keh| cj ai ìzh| pi|}k#

@r ic5 kr {c kgkb}h `r ljkc y{k {ci bi{ri6 kr ai ìcjgkr}ibjc mk ai g{k|ui`r ljkc y{k ai g{k|ui `jrì#

Rj ai cibjc kr g{k|}k kc }hmir r{r kc}|iir z kc }hmhr r{r h|nicjr`hr! g{k|}krk| kc ka ricn|jkc}h bi`ph mk li}iaai h kc air |kw{ka}ir hair mk ahr ì|kr#

Rj ph| mkc}|h kr mlja! rj ch phrkk! air kck|nir mk


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-9


10/36

-92-

Dhz! imk`r! `{bdir g{k|uir mk bhdkrjc mk ai ic}jrhbjkmim dic mkripi|kbjmh{cir z h}|ir rk dic mkljaj}imh n|icmk`kc}k

Kc rjnahr ic}k|jh|kr ai jmki |kajnjhri z ai jmki `hc|y{jbi! y{jc m{mi y{k k|icn|icmkr g{k|uir mk i}|ibbjc8 Z y{jc m{mi y{k dhz ch lir}ic pi|i bhcrk|wi| airn|icmkr {cjmimkr cibjhciakr8

Dk iy{ ph| y{! rkiaicmh dkbdhr! ch p|hbaiìcmh mhb}|jcir! igj|`h y{k airrhbjkmimkr `hmk|cir ckbkrj}ic ai jcr}j}{bjc `jaj}i| gj|`k! mjrbjpajcimi! kc|njbi!ìc}kcjkcmh r{ p|hpji bhdkrjc ph| ai jmki mk ai pi}|ji! ph| ai jmki mka mklk|6 z rjil|jaaic}imir r{r lizhck}ir ph| ai a{u y{k wjkck mka rha! il|jaaic}imhr r{r pkbdhr ph| aijmki mka dhch|#

Z dkbdi kr}i riawkmim! rkpi|h pi|i ka |kr}h mk `j mjrb{|rh -}hmh ah y{k rk |kgjk|k ai g{k|ui ì}k|jia! z |kbhcbkc}|h `j pkcri`jkc}h kc rkchr `r p|hg{cmhr mka

p|hlakì#

Ai g{k|ui! mk air cibjhckr! kc kaair |krjmk5 ch kr {ci! `{bdir g{k|uir! i{cy{k}hmir kaair }kcnic {ci |kr{a}ic}k

Ai g{k|ui mk air cibjhckr di mk l{rbi|rk kc }hmhr z kc bimi {ch mk r{rh|nicjr`hr# Mhcmk ai wjmi rk ìcjgjkr}k! di mk ìcjgkr}i|rk ai g{k|ui6 y{k mhcmk aig{k|ui gia}i ! rah j`pk|i ai `{k|}k! z rah rk kcb{kc}|i ai cimi#

Ai g{k|ui! pk|h ai g{k|ui mj|jnjmi# B{icmh ai g{k|ui ch kr} mj|jnjmi ph| ai jmki!h! kc }|`jchr w{ani|kr! ph| ai jc}kajnkcbji! pk|h rjk`p|k kc ka icbdh bi`ph mk aiajlk|}im! ai g{k|ui kr ckbkri|ji! gi}ia6 hl|i bhc i||knah air akzkr mk ai `kbcjbi6 kaaidi| ah y{k }kcni y{k dibk|6 ch diz y{k hb{pi|rk mk r{ ailh|! y{k rj kc


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-9=-

kaai ch phmk`hr jcga{j|! rk| ah y{k dizi mk rk|! |kiajbk ka ljkc |kiajbk ka ìa6 y{k! kc|jnh|! cj ka ljkc cj ka ìa ktjr}kc pi|i ai nh}i mk in{i y{k hrbjai kc ka hakiek! pi|i ai

|gini mk wjkc}h y{k rk mkrni||i kc ka pjbibdh! pi|i ka n|ich mk i|kci y{k rk }{kr}i kc kamkrjk|}h! pi|i ka pkcibdh mk g{knh y{k ai`k bhc i|mjkc}kr akcn{ir ai lhbi |kry{kl|ieimimka b|}k|#

Mk kr}ir g{k|uir zh ch `k hb{ph iy{! ph| `r y{k bj|b{akc phmk|hrir ph| kc}|krhbjkmimkr d{ìcir# Cj diz y{k hb{pi|rk mk kaair! kc }hmh birh! `r y{k pi|imhì|air! mj|jnj|air z ktpah}i|air kc lkckgjbjh mka rk| d{ìch! jc}kajnkc}k z ajl|k#

Z mjnh ajl|k! ph|y{k zh b|kh kc ai ajlk|}im! bh`h dk b|kmh rjk`p|k6 mk ìck|i!y{k! kc }hmh birh! ch rhc kr}ir b|kkcbjir mkljajmimkr mk ai kmim! rjch j`pk|jh mk

pk|pk}{hr jmkiakr! c{cbi y{kl|ic}imhr# Zh b|kh z dk b|kmh rjk`p|k! |kpj}h! kc aiajlk|}im d{ìci#

@hmkr}i`kc}k bhcgjkrh y{k b|kh kc ka ajl|k ialkm|h6 rj kr {c pkbimh! `k

bhcgjkrh zh pkbimh|#Ch ph| b|kkcbji bjkni! ch ph| jcr}jc}h winh! ch ph| }k`h| air bhcrkb{kcbjir mk

ai b|kkcbji bhc}|i|ji! rjch ph| p|kbkp}hr mka h|mkcjc}kakb}{ia6ph|y{k air kb{ibjhckr mkai `kbcjbi! bir}jaah gh|`jmilak mka mk}k|`jcjr`h! }jkckc! ph| r{ p|hpji i|y{j}kb}{|i!

ph|}jaahr lkcmj}hr ph| mhcmk ai jmki mk ajlk|}im pkck}|i#_k|h mjn|krjc kr r}i kc y{k ch p{kmh jcrjr}j|! p{kr kc kaai `k pk|mk|i6 z kr}k

mjrb{|rh! rj mjrb{|rh kr! rk|i ah# y{k zh ch y{jk|h y{k rki5 dinh ib}h mk ajlk|}imr{rpkcmjkcmh `j ì|bdi z whawjkcmh ia bi`jch y{k mkrmk {c p|jcbjpjh `k }|ib#

Mkbi! rkh|kr! y{k ai g{k|ui mk air cibjhckr |krjmk kc kaair `jrìr z kc }hmhrr{r h|nicjr`hr6 z ai g{k|ui


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}h}ia kc ka h|mkc ka bhcbjk|}h z ai i|jch ai mk kr}hr h|nicjr`hr#_k|h }hmh h|nicjr`h d{ìch }jkck {c a}j`h kak`kc}h j||km{bjlak! ka dh`l|k!

y{k kr {c h|nicjr`h }i`ljc! z }ia wku ka `r bh`pakeh#Ir! kc a}j`h icajrjr! ai g{k|ui mk }hmi rhbjkmim d{ìci h ka nk|`kc mk }hmig{k|ui di mk l{rbi|rk anjbi`kc}k! bjkc}gjbi`kc}k! rj ch diz k`pkh kc pk|mk|rk kcckl{ahrjmimkr jcbhcrjr}kc}kr! kc ka jcmjwjm{h kc ka dh`l|k! }h`h wjwh mk ai rhbjkmim!kak`kc}h mk krk n|ic bh`p{kr}h y{`jbh r{ ìck|i! y{k rk aaiì p{klah! cibjc!d{ìcjmim#

Ch diz y{k dibk|rk ja{rjhckr5 ei`r rk gh|ì| {ci cibjc dhc|imi bhcbj{mimichr pk|wk|rhr6 ai r{ì mk `{bdhr bk|hr ch rk| `r y{k {c bk|h gjcia6k`pki|rk kc y{k {ci cibjc l|jaak kc ai bjkcbji b{icmh }hmhr r{r jcmjwjm{hr rhcjnch|ic}kr! kr k`pkh }ic jcrkcri}h bh`h |jmb{ah6 ph| hl|i z n|ibji mk ai `{a}j}{m ai{cjmim ch rk }|icrgh|ì rj air mk`r {cjmimkr rhc }hmir jn{ia`kc}k |{jckr6 ph| `{bdh

y{k rk i{`kc}k {ci ìri pah`jui! ahr }h`hr ch rk|c mk h|h#_h| krh! ai wk|mimk|i |knkck|ibjc mk {c p{klah rj kr} mkbimh6 r{ n|icmkui! rj

ph| wkc}{|i kr n|icmk di mk l{rbi|rk kc ai |knkck|ibjc kc ai n|icmkui mk bimijcmjwjm{h#

_h| krh dk rjmh z rk| rjk`p|k jcmjwjm{iajr}i6 pk|h ch bh`h r{phckc ahr y{k!kc}kcmjkcmh ka jcmjwjm{iajr`h r{ ìck|i! gh|eic gic}irìr ph| ka n{r}h mk mkr}|{j|air aicuimir#

Rj {ci cibjc kcbjk||i kc r{ rkch `{bdhr riljhr! `{bdhr i|}jr}ir! z `{bdhrjcm{r}|jiakr! z {bdhr jcwkc}h|kr! z {bdhr }|ilieimh|kr! ph| d{`jamkr y{k


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rkic! mk ahr y{k }|ilieic dhc|imi`kc}k! rjc kcwjmjir ìaricir cj hmjhr |kp{ncic}kr!i{cy{k }kcjkcmh bhcbjkcbji mk r{ mk|kbdh! y{k kr ka `jr`h pi|i }hmir air bairkr

rhbjiakr! z y{k kr ai cjbi jn{iamim ilrha{}i y{k p{kmk ktjr}j| z y{k mklk ktjr}j|6 rj kriìri mk dh`l|kr kr ib}jwi! z k`p|kcmkmh|i6 rj ph| air wkcir mka b{k|ph rhbjia chbj|b{ai ricn|k ic`jbi! z ahr ìawimhr rhc ahr `kchr! z ahr ck{|ir}cjbhr rhc ahr`kchr z ahr ahbhr ch piric mk {ci bjg|i |iuhcilak z dic rjmh p|kwji`kc}k bairjgjbimhr z|kba{jmhr6 rj kc }hmir air bhcbjkcbjir! kc r{ì! j`pk|i ai jmki mka mklk|! y{k kc bimibhcbjkcbji ibirh }h`k gh|ìr mjr}jc}ir! pk|h y{k kc }hmir kr ai `jrì kc ka ghcmh! chm{mjr y{k kri cibjc ia gjc z ia bilh rk h|nicjui| bhc ai `keh| h|nicjuibjc phrjlak! zrk| n|icmk! z rk| g{k|}k z rk| |krpk}imi#

Kri kr {ci cibjc jmkia! mj| ibirh ian{ch# Ch! }ic}h! mj| zh! y{k p|hb{|h chrkpi|i|`k mk ai |kiajmim z iak}ki| kc ka jmkiajr`h rjch ah p{|i`kc}k p|kbjrh! mimi aicmhak mk kr}k mjrb{|rh#

_k|h mkeicmh jmkiajr`hr {c aimh! ah y{k rj igj|`h bh`h wk|mim jcmjrb{}jlak! kry{k rj }hmhr ahr jcmjwjm{hr mk {ci cibjc! ia `kchr ai ìzh| pi|}k ph| ka c`k|h h

ph| ai hrimi! rhc jnch|ic}kr! wjbjhrhr! knhr}ir h mk`kc}kr! ph| `{bdir h|nicjuibjhckry{k akr mkjr! ph| `r pk|gkb}ir y{k kr}ir h|nicjuibjhckr rkic! h ph| `r riljir y{k

p{kmic rk| air akzkr kc y{k rk mkrkcw{kawic! ai cibjc |kr{a}i| mlja z bh||h`pjmi6 zkr}ir cibjhckr r y{k mkripi|kbk|c ia bilh! i{cy{k ph| `jain|h mk ai r{k|}k p{mjk|icgjcnj| kck|nir y{k ch }jkckc#

Ai wjmi h ai `{k|}k ai aakwic ahr p{klahr z air |iuir kc r{ p|hpjh rkch! kc ahra}j`hr }h`hr rhbjiakr#


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_k|h diz iy{ }ic}ir ja{rjhckr y{k mkrwickbk|! }ic}ir }kh|ir kcnihrir! y{k ch{c mjrb{|rh rjch {c ajl|h kc}k|h rk|i p|kbjrh pi|i mkr}|{j|air }hmir)

Diz! y{jkc rk gh|ei ai ja{rjc mk y{k bh`ljcicmh! in|{picmh! h|nicjuicmh! kcr{ì! dh`l|kr jcgi`kr! jnch|ic}kr z ckbjhr z pk|kuhrhr! ph| hl|i z n|ibji mk aih|nicjuibjc! z rah mk kaair wi |kr{a}i| {c p{klah riljh! wj|}{hrh z ib}jwh6 y{k ahrkak`kc}hr wic mi|! ai r{ì }h}ia ah y{k kaahr ch }jkckc6 y{k ip|k}icmh mhr gkiamimkrwi |kr{a}i| {ci lkaakui6 y{k in|{picmh {ch bhc}|i h}|h! mk i|}r}jbi ìck|i! mhrirkrjchr ai rjcjkr}|i pi|kei wi bhcwk|}j|rk! kc {c gjac}|hph mk b{k|ph kc}k|h#

Ckbkmim z ilr{|mh! y{k ch dk mk bh`li}j|! y{k `k lir}i p|krkc}i| kc kr}igh|ì rj`lajbi kc y{k ibilh mk p|krkc}i|ai)

Y{jk|h mkbj| bhc kr}h y{k ka h|nicjr`h! y{k air akzkr! y{k ahr nhljk|chr! y{kai gh|ì rhbjia rki }h}ia`kc}k jcmjgk|kc}k! dir}i }ia p{c}h y{k mkli mkrmki|rk8

Rj }ia pkcri|i! bik|i kc {c k||h|! ch }ic n|icmk bh`h ka y{k ic}kr dk bh`li}jmh!

pk|h kc {c k||h|! rj g{ckr}h! z! kc bjk|}ir phbir mk ai Djr}h|ji! }|irbkcmkc}ia#Zh g{cmh ai ìzh| pi|}k! z ph| y{ ch mkbj|ah8!ai `keh| pi|}k mk {ci cibjc! kc

air bhcmjbjhckr jc}kakb}{iakr! `h|iakr# z i{c grjbir mk ai ìri nkck|ia mk bj{mimichr#_k|h ch mkrbhchubh y{k {ci l{kci h|nicjuibjc mk kr}hr kak`kc}hr bhc}|jl{zk kc n|ic

pi|}k ia p|hn|krh mk ai cibjc z r{ n|icmkui# Ch ph|y{k mka h|nicjr`h l|h}k cimi c{kwh ph| {ci krpkbjk mk nkck|ibjc

krphc}cki! rjch ph|y{k ka h|ni-


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cjr`h p{kmk iz{mi| y{k rk bhcwjk|}i kc ib}h ah y{k rk diaaili kc kr}imh ph}kcbjia kcka jcmjwjm{h#

Z pk|mhcim`k kr}i gh|ì! {c }ic}h i|jr}h}ajbi! y{k zh p|hb{|i| ktpajbi|`k bhcai phrjlak bai|jmim#Z pi|i mi| gh|ì z |kajkwk `j pkcri`jkc}h! pk|`j}jm`k }i`ljc y{k ib{mi !

{ci jìnkc! h! rj rk y{jk|k! {c kek`pah }hìmh mk air bjkcbjir i y{k rjk`p|k dk }kcjmh`r igjbbjc#

[c }h`h mk bi|lhch wini kc air p|hg{cmjmimkr mka krpibjh5 {c }h`h mkhtnkch wjl|i mjr}icbji jc`kcri mka p|j`k|h#

@jkc}|ir kr}c rkpi|imhr! cjcnc gkc`kch grjbh mjnch mk kr}{mjh ipi|kbk#_k|h ahr iui|kr mka bhr`hr! r{ mkrkcwhawj`jkc}h bhcr}ic}k! r{ kwha{bjc

phmk|hri! r{ kck|ni h|nicjuimh|i! ahr wi ibk|bicmh! z ia gjc! kc bhcmjbjhckr giwh|ilakr!ahr phck {ch kcg|kc}k mk h}|h#

Kr}i g{k|ui mk h|nicjuibjc br`jbi! ahr di }|icrgh|ìmh8 _h|y{k kr}c kcp|krkcbji z `jb|hrbpjbi mjr}icbji! mkei mk rk| ka bi|lhch! bi|lhch! z ka htnkch mkeimk rk| htjnkch8 Air p|hpjkmimkr mk i`lhr b{k|phr! rhc! ph| wkc}{|i! mjr}jc}ir8 R{rigjcjmimkr! rhc h}|ir8 Ch! rkn{|i`kc}k# Ah cjbh y{k wi|ji bhc ai mjr}icbji z ai

phrjbjc! kr ai jc}kcrjmim p|krkc}k mk kr}ir igjcjmimkr#Kr}ilic akehr6 ch phmic {cj|rk5 rk ibk|bic6 ai bh`ljcibjc rk |kiajui! z l|h}i ka

biah| z ai a{u# Ianh y{k kr}ili hb{a}h rk dibk pi}kc}k# [ci kck|ni ph}kcbjia rkbhcwjk|}k kc kck|ni ib}{ia# Kri a{u z krk biah| ch kr h}|i bhri y{k ai }|icrgh|ìbjcwjrjlak mk {c }|ilieh mk igjcjmimkr# Ai c{kwi phrjbjc mk ahr mhr }h`hr ch di b|kimh`jain|hri`kc}k cimi c{kwh# Ai b|kibjc


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mk ai cimi ph| hl|i z n|ibji mka bhr`hr! ch ai im`j}k ai Bjkcbji#_{kr h}|h }ic}h r{bkmk kc ai rhbjkmim# [ci l{kci h|nicjuibjc }jkck

j`ph|}icbji! `{bdi j`ph|}icbji! z zi wkjr y{k `j jcmjwjm{iajr`h ch kr ka y{k ian{chrbh`li}kc6 h rj bh`li}kc r}k y{k mkgjkcmh! kr rjc |iuc#I ahr h|nicjr`hr rhbjiakr zh akr mhz j`ph|}icbji! pk|h rah ai y{k }jkckc5 mic

a{u ah y{k kr}ili hrb{|h6 mic biah| ah y{k kr}ili g|j6 pk|h kc |jnh|! cj mic a{u cjbiah|# Rhc ai hbirjc pi|i y{k kck|nir y{k zi ktjr}ic! y{k ka h|nicjr`h ch b|ki! rkìcjgjkr}kc z dinic! ph| mkbj|ah ir! ib}h mk p|krkcbji# _k|h pkcri| y{k |iuirmknkck|imir z inh}imir }h}ia`kc}k6 |iuir kc y{k }hmi mjgk|kcbjibjc! y{k kr ka n|ickak`kc}h mk g{k|ui z mk wjmi! di mkripi|kbjmh! ph|y{k rk h|nicjbkc kc kr}i h ai h}|igh|ì! bhc }ia h b{ia Nhljk|ch! bhc r{r kak`kc}hr in|{pimhr mk kr}i h mk iy{kaaiìck|i! bhc akzkr krb|j}ir kc {c pipka z mjb}imir ph| {ci Bì|i! bhc |knai`kc}hr`jc{bjhri kc}k gil|jbimhr! wic mkei| mk rk| ah y{k rhc! rhc ilr{|mh jcbhcbkljlak# Ch

rk |kr{bj}i {c bimwk| ph| `{bdhr Bmjnhr y{k rhl|k r{ dkaimh b{k|ph rk i`hc}hckc#Rj kc rk kek`pah p|kbkmkc}k! kc wku mk }kck| bi|lhch ph| {ci pi|}k! z ph| h}|i

htjnkch! y{k r{phckc z |kp|krkc}ic {ci ia}rjì mjgk|kcbjibjc! d{lj|i`hr }kcjmh mhr}h`hr mk bi|lhch! y{k |kp|krkc}ic {ci dh`hnkckjmim `h|}ia! zi d{ljk|ijr phmjmhip|htjì|ahr b{ic}h y{jrjk|ijr! z d{ljk|ijr phmjmh h|nicjui|ahr bhc ai `r riljih|nicjuibjc6 y{k air jc}kcrir igjcjmimkr mk ic}kr ei`r rk d{ljk|ic p|krkc}imh! z ahrkgkb}hr grjbhr y{k d{ljk|ijr phmjmh hlrk|wi| rah dil|ic rjmh


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phmjmh p|hrpk|i| ai jcr{||kbbjc! cj kc Ric}jinh mk B{li d{lj|i`hr p|krkc}imh ic}k kakck`jnh }|kr h b{i}|h `ja dh`l|kr ch `r! ìri mk krpkb}|hr! y{k rah icjìmhr ph| ai

jmki mka dhch| phmi rhr}kck| {c g{rja! z ahr y{k rah di y{kmimh g{k|ui pi|i wkcj| ibik| z i `h|j| kc }jk||i krpihai#Ahr dkbdhr rhc bh`h rhc5 rhc }|jr}kr! rhc l|{}iakr! pk|h rhc jcmjrb{}jlakr5 ai

bjkcbji! {ci bjkcbji r{pk|jh| ai c{kr}|i ch diz y{k ckni|ah6 ai jcm{r}|ji! |i`jgjbibjcmk ai Bjkcbji p{|i! {ci mk air p|j`k|ir jcm{r}|jir mka `{cmh6 ai |jy{kui! {ci |jy{kuiil|{ìmh|i! {c bipj}ia jc`kcrh5 }iakr rhc ahr kak`kc}hr bhc}|i ahr b{iakr dk`hra{bdimh z ph| ahr b{iakr dk`hr rjmh wkcbjmhr#

Y{ju ktjr}ic h}|ir bi{rir6 cj air cjknh! cj air igj|`h! cj air mjrb{}h rjy{jk|i! ph|y{k ch rhc p|hpjir mk kr}k rj}jh6 cj dk mk p|hc{cbji| piail|i ian{ci y{k bhc aipha}jbi rk |hbk#

Rah igj|`h ah y{k dhz }hmh ka `{cmh |kbhchbk! rj ch ak bjkni ai pirjc ka

pi}|jh}jr`h! bkn{k|i chlak z rj`p}jbi kr}i a}jì! pk|h bkn{k|i ia gjc! rilk|5 y{k mkic}kìch kr}li`hr wkcbjmhr#

Z w{kawh rkn{j| ka djah mk `jr jmkir#Ka jcmjwjm{h kr g{k|}k kc {c `h`kc}h mimh ph| r{ jc}kajnkcbji z ph| r{ bi|b}k|

kc|njbh# [ci cibjc kr g{k|}k kc ahr `hmk|chr bi`phr mk li}iaai ph| r{ bjkcbji z ph|r{ |jy{kui! y{k kr }|ilieh ib{`{aimh#

_k|h ch hawjmjr ah y{k ic}kr mjek z ah y{k mjnh idh|i5 kc {c jcr}ic}k gjeh z kc{ci a{bdi mk}k|`jcimi! ai cibjc `r |jbi! `r kc|njbi z `r jc}kajnkc}k wkcbk|rjk`p|k# _k|h ai wjb}h|ji mk {c mi ch kr ai wjb}h|ji mkgjcj}jwi Cibjhckr |jbir jc}kajnkc}kr! cibjhckr mk jc}kajnkcbji phmk|hri! mk k`p{ek jcwkcbjlak! mk n|icmkr


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-Ai g|`{ai! mk p{|h rkcbjaai! pi|kbk jcgic}ja# _k|h kr y{k! ph| `{bdh y{k rkidhcmk kc ka p|hlak`i! ch rk kcb{kc}|i h}|i#


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Jcbhcrkb{kcbji pi|kbk kr}h y{k mjnh! z ch ah kr! bh`h! p|hb{|i| mk`hr}|i|l|kwk`kc}k# Ia bhcmkci| ai jcmjrbjpajci mk c{kr}|i |iui! y{jk|h mkbj| y{k kr akwic}jrbi!

|kw{ka}i! jcnhlk|cilak! mjrp{kr}i rjk`p|k ai a{bdi bhc}|i ka phmk| mj|kb}h|8 Ch! kcwk|mim#Ah di rjmh {cir wkbkr! z h}|ir di pkbimh y{ju ph| ktbkrh mk ìcrkm{`l|k# Ch

kr `r jcnhlk|cilak! kc r{ì! y{k h}|h b{iay{jk| p{klah k{|hpkh#Ai jcmjrbjpajci y{k `k |kgjk|h kr `r dhcmi! `r |imjbia y{k ai y{k p{mjk|i

r{|nj| mka dk|wh| mk ai ricn|k#Rh`hr `h|ia`kc}k! r{r}icbjia`kc}k! jcmjrbjpajcimhr! z bimi jcmjwjm{h ah kr

mkc}|h mk rj `jr`h#]kcmk`hr gi}ia`kc}k ai mjwjrjc ! ai r{lmjwjrjc! i ai mjrpk|rjc }h}ia#]hmh h|nicjr`h rk bh`phck mk g{k|uir bkc}|jg{nir z mk g{k|uir bkc}|pk}ir! kc

b{zh ky{jajl|jh mjc`jbh kr}|jli ai ktjr}kcbji z ka mkri||haah mka bhce{c}h# _{kr ljkc5 zh

mjnh! z p|{lkah ai Djr}h|ji rj kr y{k ibjk|}h! z rjch ibjk|}h y{k ai Djr}h|ji ah cjkn{k! zheia ah cknirk) y{k kc ai |iui krpihai! air g{k|uir mk mjrpk|rjc rhc jc`kcrir#

Cimjk kr} c{cbi bhcgh|`k bhc ahr mk`r6 z kr ah `r }|jr}k y{k bhcba{zk ph| chkr}i| bhcgh|`k cj bhcrjnh `jr`h# Ibirh zh mhz kc kr}k jcr}ic}k {c kek`pahbh`li}jkcmh ka jcmjwjm{iajr`h y{k ic}kr mkgkcmj6 pk|h b|kh y{k ch6 z mk }hmirìck|ir! zh `k kc}jkcmh z p|hb{|i| y{k `k kc}kcmjr whrh}|hr#

Kc }hmir air krgk|ir mk ai wjmi z mk ai ib}jwjmim! iaa mhcmk `{bdhr dh`l|kr mkc{kr}|i |iui rk |kckc pi|i b{iay{jk| gjc rhbjia! bjkc}gjbh! i|}r}jbh! jcm{r}|jia! kbh-


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c`jbh pha}jbh! ia p{c}h r{|nkc mjgk|kcbjir mk hpjcjc! }ic}ir! ph| ah `kchr! bh`hrhc ahr jcmjwjm{hr6 z kr}h ch kr {c ìa5 ai dh`hnkckjmim kr ai `{k|}k# B{icmh }hmhr ahr

p{c}hr mka krpibjh }kcnic ai `jrì }k`pk|i}{|i! mjbk ai Bjkcbji y{k ka `{cmh kc}k|hrk| {c bimwk|#Ai {cjmim ch r{phck ai mkr}|{bbjc mk ai wi|jkmim6 ic}kr ia bhc}|i|jh! ai {cjmim

kr `r |jbi b{ic}i `r wi|jkmim bhc}jkck# Ai a{u kr laicbi ph|y{k }jkck rjk}k bhah|kr#C{kr}|h nahlh kr dk|`hrh ph|y{k }jkck wiaakr z `hc}iir# Ktjr}k ka i`h| ph|y{k dizdh`l|kr z `{ek|kr5 rj ch d{ljk|i `r y{k {c rhah rkth! mkeh w{kr}|i bhcrjmk|ibjcy{ mkpah|ilak rk|ji ai kr}}jbi i`h|hri#

Mk ìck|i y{k ai mjwk|rjmim mk hpjcjhckr! mk rkc}j`jkc}hr! mk p{c}hr mk wjr}i zmk jmkir kc b{iay{jk|i in|{pibjc d{ìci cj `k mkrin|imi! cj `k ir{r}i6 ic}kr `kbh`paibk! ph|y{k kr rkia mk wjmi! ph|y{k kr p|{kli pi}kc}k mk y{k bimi jcmjwjm{h krajl|k z mk y{k {ri ajl|k`kc}k mk r{ krphc}ickjmim# Kr {c jcmjwjm{iajr`h gkb{cmh! ch

mkr}|{b}h|#_k|h bh`h ka rk| d{ìch ch wjwk rah pi|i ai bhc}k`paibjc! bh`h ch lir}i

pkcri|! bai|h kr z kr kwjmkc}k y{k mk air |knjhckr jmkiakr diz y{k piri| ia }k||kch mk aip|b}jbi# Z pi|i kaah kr gh|uhrh y{k air mjwk|rir g{k|uir ch rk mjrpk|rkc |klkamkr! }k|bir!h|n{aahrir! jc}|icrjnkc}kr6 kr p|kbjrh! kc r{ì! y{k mk}k|`jckc {ci |kr{a}ic}k! bkmjkcmhbimi g{k|ui ah y{k rki p|kbjrh y{k bkmi pi|i bhh|mjci|rk bhc air mk`r g{k|uir#

Rj kr}h ch rk dibk! kc}hcbkr kr b{icmh ipi|kbk ai jcmjrbjpajci rhbjia z ka wjbjhy{k bh`li}h kc c{kr}|i |iui#


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y{k ktjr}k kc c{kr}|h bk|kl|h {ci wi|jkmim mk j`nkckr ibirh `{bdh ìzh| y{k ai y{kp{kmi ktjr}j| kc ahr !bk|kl|hr mk ahr mk`r dilj}ic}kr mk K{|hpi# _k|h kr {ci wi|jkmim

kc|njbi`kc}k jcmjrbjpajcimi# Kr jcmjrbjpajcimh bimi krpiha kc ka rkch mk r{ pi}|ji! mk {ci ìck|i ib}jwi kc r{r n{k||ir z |kwha{bjhckr! h mk {ci ìck|i pirjwi ìr g{ckr}ikc ka mkrkcbic}h! kc ai jcmjgk|kcbji! kc ka mkrp|kbjh y{k }hmh ak jcrpj|i ic}k r{r p|hpjirhpjcjhckr# Il{cmi`hr `{bdh kc c{kr}|h rkc}j|! bh`h mkbi {c k`jckc}k dh`l|k

pha}jbh#Rk chr p{klai ka bk|kl|h mk j`nkckr6 rk chr kcricbdi kc n|icmkr dh|juhc}kr6

bha{`l|i`hr `{a}j}{m mk jmkir! y{k ibirh {cir bhc h}|ir a{bdic! z ch rilk`hr krbhnk|air p|jcbjpiakr! {cir b{ic}ir! air y{k mkljk|ic rk| mh`jcic}kr! cj }kck`hr g{k|uijcdjlj}h|ji pi|i air mk`r#

Rj ch g{k|i kt}|ii ai jìnkc mj|i y{k c{kr}|h bk|kl|h kr {c pjich kc y{k chdiz ipinimh|kr6 z bh`h }hmir air b{k|mir wjl|ic ai wku! |kjci ai bhcg{rjc kc wku mk

|kjci| ai i|`hci#Rjk`p|k dk b|kmh y{k ahr bk|kl|hr krpihakr rhc bk|kl|hr jcmjrbjpajcimhr! kc

ahr y{k ka hakiek mk ai wi|jkmim idhni ai {cjmim! ibirh ai mkr}|{zk#Ai |kiajmim p|b}jbi mk ai wjmi ktjnk phbir jmkir! pk|h g{k|}k`kc}k rkc}jmir6 kr

p|kbjrh y{k ka dh`l|k |kbhcbkc}|k r{ i}kcbjc kc {c rhah p{c}h! ph|y{k rah mk kr}k`hmh ka }|ilieh jc}kakb}{ia rk| gkb{cmh5 b{icmh ai krpimi nhapki mk paich kc icbdir{pk|gjbjk! rk r{lmjwjmk z rk pjk|mk ai kck|ni mka nhapk! z ai `keh| krpimi ##mk ]hakmhrk bhcwjk|}k birj kc krpimi mk ìmk|i# B{icmh ai krpimi djk|k mk gjah! bh|}i z ch }|iuibi|mk-


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ciakr! rjch y{k dibk l|h}i| ricn|k6 b{icmh djk|k mk p{c}i! i}|iwjkri#Y{ h}|i bhri kr ai i}kcbjc bhcr}ic}k mka pkcri`jkc}h rhl|k {c hlek}h

p|hlakì mk}k|`jcimh! rjch {ci kr}hbimi mk p{c}i y{k l{rbi air kc}|iir mka p|hlakì8Y{ju ka riljh mjgjk|i mka jnch|ic}k! kc}|k h}|ir bhrir! kc ai g{k|ui mk i}kcbjc)_k|h b{kr}jhckr rhc r}ir y{k `k wic iakeicmh mka }kì! ia b{ia `k pi|kbk y{k

`r ak whz micmh p|hrijbi`kc}k mk nhapkr mk paich! y{k kc|njbir kr}hbimir#Z! ph| h}|i pi|}k! rhrpkbdh y{k whz gi}jnicmh w{kr}|i i}kcbjc! z y{jk|h aakni|

|pjmi`kc}k ia gjc mk kr}k mkrh|mkcimh mjrb{|rh#Kc a dk y{k|jmh mk`hr}|i| y{k ai wk|mimk|i |knkck|ibjc mk {c p{klah ai

|kiajuic r{r jcmjwjm{hr |knkck|cmhrk rj p|hpjhr# Y{k ai h|nicjuibjc rhbjia mklk rk|}ic ajl|k bh`h ah bhcrjkc}i ka `h`kc}h djr}|jbh kc y{k rk wjwi# Y{k air g{k|uirì}k|jiakr y{k bhcr}j}{zkc r{ n|icmkui rk |kr{`kc kc kr}ir phbir piail|ir5 ai bjkcbji zr{r ipajbibjhckr ai jcm{r}|ji6 ka }|ilieh! ka idh||h z ai |jy{kui6 z bh`h |kn{aimh| mka

mk|kbdh! bh`h n{i mk ai ajlk|}im! ai jmki ric}i mka mklk|! y{k j`phck }hmhr {ci n|icmjrbjpajci wha{c}i|ji#

Kr}i g|`{ai ch }jkck! kc wk|mim! cimi mk `jain|hri6 ch |ky{jk|k n|icmkrkrg{k|uhr mk jc}kajnkcbji pi|i mkrb{l|j|ai6 ch bi`lji |kpkc}jci`kc}k ai giu mk {cicibjc6 kr `r ljkc {c mkrkcbic}h pi|i air ja{rjhckr6 ai j`pibjkcbji ai kcbhc}|i|}|jwjia6 pk|h bhc }hmh kr}h! zh kr}hz rkn{|h y{k cj ktjr}k h}|i! cj di ktjr}jmh h}|i ei`r

pi|i ahr p{klahr# Ai hl|i bh`c! ph| }hmhr di


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mk |kiajui|rk# B|{ui|rk mk l|iuhr z pkmj| n|icmkuir z |knkck|ibjhckr i {ci `jch|i! krbicmjmku r{p|kì z ai `r }|jr}k mk air mknkck|ibjhckr#

Y{k bimi krpiha! kc r{ krgk|i p|hpji! n|icmk pky{ki `hmkr}i! dini ah y{k p{kmi! z kr}h lir}i# Y{k ka dh`l|k mk bjkcbji rk igick z kr}{mjk! z y{k kc bimi`h`kc}h rk |kpj}i r `jr`h5 Y{jk|h rilk| pi|i y{k ahr riljhr kt}|icek|hr ch mjnicy{k rhz jnch|ic}k6 y{k ka jcm{r}|jia p|hb{|k pk|gkbbjhci| r{ jcm{r}|ji z rk |kpj}i rj`jr`h5 Y{jk|h p|hn|kri| pi|i y{k air cibjhckr kt}|icek|ir ch mjnic y{k Krpii ch}jkck jcm{r}|ji6 y{k ka in|jb{a}h|! ia d{cmj| ai |kei mka i|imh kc ai }jk||i! d{cmi ka djk||h`r y{k c{cbi kc ka mkrdkbdh }k||c! mjbjcmhrk rj `jr`h5 Ch pjkcrk cimjk y{k rk akrkbi|hc ahr e{nhr c{kr}|i }jk||i6 y{k ka bh`k|bjic}k rk aicbk bhc }hmir r{r ib}jwjmimkrkc air bh||jkc}kr `k|bic}jakr z l{ry{k air `r bi{miahrir z p|hb{|k h}|ir c{kwir! pi|iy{k ch mjnic y{k rh`hr pk|kuhrhr6 y{k ka a}j`h hl|k|h! ka mk }|ilieh `r `hmkr}h! kca mkphrj}k }hmir r{r kck|nir! pkcricmh bhc chlak i`ljbjc5 }|iliei|! }|iliei|! y{k

ch mjnic y{k ka hl|k|h ka kr }h|pk h kr mlja,6 kc r{ì5 y{k }hmhr ahr bj{mimichr}|iliekc b{ic}h p{kmic! ric}jgjbicmh r{r gikcir z bh`h hlkmkbjkcmh {ci whu`jr}k|jhri y{k akr mjekrk5 Diz y{k }|iliei| ph| ai _i}|ji#

Ir mklkc pkcri| ahr n|icmkr z ahr pky{khr! ahr wjkehr z ahr ewkckr#Ahr wjkehr! pi|i ch ini||i|chr bhc knhr`hr rkcjakr ai wjmi y{k rk chr krbipi!

ic}kr ljkc il|jkcmh icbdh bi`ph ai e{wkc}{m! bkmjcmhai ka p{kr}h z iakc}cmhai bhcka ipai{rh z ka bhcrkeh#

_k|h ahr ewkckr! mkrphecmhrk mk }hmh ipk}j}h ìa-


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rich! mk }hmi i`ljbjc lir}i|mi! mk }hmi j`pibjkcbji kcwjmjhri! z e{r}jgjbicmh bhc r{rhl|ir air krpk|icuir y{k rjk`p|k jcrpj|i ai e{wkc}{m5 ph|y{k rj i{c rjkcmh ewkckr

pi|kbkc wjkehr! dil| y{k p|hbaiì| ai mkb|kpj}{m {cjwk|ria! z kc}hcbkr rj y{k rk ibil}hmi krpk|icui#Dh|ir rhc r}ir mk p|{kli! ch diz y{k mkrbhchbk|ah! z ph| krh mklkc rk| dh|ir

mk |krjncibjc6 ch mk |krjncibjc gi}iajr}i! y{k pi|i |krjnci|rk bhc ai `{k|}k rjk`p|k rkkr} }jk`ph! rjch mk |krjncibjc ib}jwi#

Ch chr kt}|ik! p{kr}h y{k rh`hr wkcbjmhr! y{k bh`h wkcbjmhr rk chr }|i}k# Chchr j||j}k ka mkrmc6 ch chr ktirpk|k ai j|hci5 kc }hmi ìri d{ìci diz `{bdh l{kch!

pk|h diz `{bdh ìah }i`ljc6 y{k kr akz mk air `{bdkm{`l|kr ai mk krbi|ckbk| iabimh z pjrh}ki|ah#

Zi ah ktp|kr kc ka Y{jeh}k c{kr}|h Bk|wic}kr! ia krb|jlj| bhc pa{ì jc`h|}ia{ch mk ahr kpjrhmjhr mk gjahrhgi `r dhcmi z mk ìzh| }|jr}kui mk r{ ajl|h ì|iwjaahrh5

}|njbi! l{|akrbi dh||jlak p|hgkbi )_k|`j}jm`k y{k |kb{k|mk kr}k piriek#Kc ka bipj}{ah y{k }|i}i mk ai iwkc}{|i y{k `r pkrim{`l|k mj M# Y{jeh}k mk

b{ic}ir dir}i kc}hcbkr ak dilic r{bkmjmh! b{kc}i Bjmk Di`k}k Lkckcnkaj y{kin|imkbj ka Biliaak|h mk ai Laicbi A{ci bhc bh|}krkr z mjrb|k}ir |iuhckr ia Wjrh||kz aiajbkcbji y{k rk akr mili6 z M# Y{jeh}k djuh ah `jr`h6 ka b{ia! kcbh`kcmcmhrk ia bjkahmk }hmh bh|iuc z r{ M{abjcki! bh`h }kcji ph| bhr}{`l|k ia bh`kcui| mk air li}iaairy{k rk ak hg|kbic! }h|c }hì| h}|h phbh `r mka bi`ph! ph|y{k wjh y{k r{ bhc}|i|jhdibji ah `jr`h! z rjc }hbi| }|h`pk}i cj h}|h jcr}|{`kc}h lajbh y{k akr mjkrk rkia


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mk i||k`k}k|! whawjk|hc kc}|i`lhr i {c `jr`h p{c}h air |jkcmir r{r biliaahr6 z bh`hk|i `r ajnk|h ka mk ai Laicbi A{ci! aakn M# Y{jeh}k mhr }k|bjhr icmimhr mk ai

bi||k|i! z iaa ak kcbhc}| bhc }ic phmk|hri g{k|ui! y{k mj bhc M# Y{jeh}k z \hbjcic}k ph| ka r{kah {ci pkajn|hri bimi# G{k a{knh rhl|k a! z phcjcmhak ai aicui rhl|k aiwjrk|i! ak mjeh5 Wkcbjmh rhjr! biliaak|h! z i{c `{k|}h! rj ch bhcgkrjr air bhcmjbjhck mkc{kr}|h mkrigh#

Mhc Y{jeh}k! `hajmh z i}{|mjmh! rjc iaui| ai wjrk|i! bh`h rj ak dilai|i mkc}|h mk{ci }{`li! bhc whu mkljaj}imi z kcgk|ì! mjeh5 M{abjcki mka ]hlhrh kr ai `r dk|`hri`{ek| mka `{cmh! z zh ka `r mkrmjbdimh biliaak|h mk ai }jk||i! z ch kr ljkc y{k `jgaiy{kui mkg|i{mk kr}i wk|mim5 ip|jk}i! biliaak|h! ai aicui z y{}i`k ai wjmi! p{kr `kdir y{j}imh ai dhc|i# Wkcbjmh ir M# Y{jeh}k! ch ph| gaiy{kui mk bh|iuc! rjch ph|y{kka phl|k \hbjcic}k k|i `r mlja y{k ka biliaah mka Biliaak|h mk ai Laicbi A{ci! rkjrmir kr}{wh kc ka akbdh! ì||jmh! }|jr}k! pkcri}jwh z ìa ibhcmjbjhcimh! z ia gjc rk

pi|}jk|hc ahr mhr! M# Y{jeh}k z Ricbdh mkrp{r5 M# Y{jeh}k mkri|ìmh z mk bi`jch!Ricbdh pjk! ph| j| ka |{bjh bi|nimh bhc air i|ìr#

Ir icm{wjk|hc ian{chr mir! dir}i y{k aakn ai chbdk }|jr}k mk ai iwkc}{|i y{k|kai}i ka bipj}{ah ATWJJJ#

K|i ai chbdk ianh hlrb{|i5 dilicrk |k}j|imh rkh| z krb{mk|h mka bi`jch |kiaianc }|kbdh6 bkci|hc }i|mk z ìa6 b{`paj M# Y{jeh}k bhc ai ci}{|iakui m{|`jkcmh ka

p|j`k| r{kh! rjc5 mi| a{ni| ia rkn{cmh! ljkc ia |kwr mk Ricbdh! y{k c{cbh }{whrkn{cmh! ph|y{k ak m{|ili ka r{kh mkrmk ai chbdk dir}i ai ìici! kc y{k rk `hr}|ilir{ l{kci bh`paktjc z phbhr b{jmimhr5 z


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ir! }kcmjmh kc }jk||i M# Y{jeh}k! }|jr}k z mkrwkaimh! bhc ka ah mk air i|ìr {c aimh! z iah}|h ai iali|mi mka e{`kc}h! Ricbdh k`pkimh kc mh|`j|! z M# Y{jeh}k ip|k}cmhak kc ah

mk ahr iuh}kr! rjc}jk|hc mk p|hc}h {c rh|mh kr}|{kcmh z {c rpk|h |{jmh y{k ph| }hmhriy{kaahr wiaakr rk kt}kcmi5 z mk p|hc}h aakn {c }|hpka mk l{a}hr ckn|hr! n|{kcmh zl{gicmh6 z rjc }kck| |krpk}h ai i{}h|jmim mk M# Y{jeh}k cj ai mk Ricbdh! piri|hc ph|kcbjì mk ahr mhr ahr icjìakr jc`{cmhr! phcjkcmh kc bhcg{rjc z ph| ka r{kah aiiali|mi! air i|ìr! ia |{bjh! \hbjcic}k#

Y{keilirk Ricbdh! z M# Y{jeh}k ak mjeh5 Meiahr kr}i|! i`jnh! y{k kr}i ig|kc}ikr pkci mk `j pkbimh! z e{r}h bir}jnh mka bjkah kr y{k {c biliaak|h icmic}k wkcbjmh akbhìc imjwir! z ak pjy{kc iwjrpir! z ak d{kaakc icjìakr bk|mhrhr#

Wkcbjmi di rjmh Krpii5 rj ph| c{kr}|h wkcbj`jkc}h diz y{jkc chr ìa}|i}i! aiig|kc}i rk| pkci mk c{kr}|h pkbimh# Z diz y{k |krjnci|rk! y{k bir}jnh mka bjkah rk| y{kchr bhìc uh||ir! z chr pjy{kc iwjrpir! z chr pjrh}kkc ahr y{k pjrh}ki|hc M# Y{jeh}k#

@r y{k y{kei|chr mklk`hr i}kcmk| phck|chr kc pjk z krpk|i| air a{bkr mkaiali! y{k djbk ah y{k djuh M# Y{jeh}k5 y{k ia gjc z ia bilh! pi|i }hmhr iìckbk Mjhr z

pi|i }hmhr aakni ai bai|jmim mka mi! bh`h pi|i }hmhr di mk aakni| ai ckn|{|i mk ai chbdk#Z bhc kr}h ibilh! rkh|kr kr}i @k`h|ji h mjrb{|rh! h ah y{k g{k|k! y{k ch }jkck

h}|h `|j}h y{k ka y{k ibh`pii {c l{kc mkrkh5 z l{kc mkrkh kr! z h}|i bhri ch! ka mkb{`paj| mklk|kr mk n|i}j}{m pi|i bhc ka I}kckh6 ka mk b{`paj| mklk|kr mk `hmkr}hbj{mimich pi|i bhc ai _i}|ji! mjbjkcmh `j d{`jamk rkc}j| kc kr}ir


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dh|ir }|jr}kr z igj|`icmh kr}i wk|mim5 y{k ch diz `r y{k {c bi`jch mk |knkck|ibjc hmk n|icmkui! kc ahr dh`l|kr bh`h kc ahr p{klahr5 j| }hmhr kc acki |kb}i! rj rk p{kmk! z

rj ch bh`h rk p{kmi! rjc `jkmhr z rjc gaiy{kuir! ia b{`paj`kc}h mka mklk|#

discurso echegaray nov1898

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