discuss lab questions m = mrt pv. electronic structure
TRANSCRIPT
Discuss Lab Questions
M = mRT
PV
Electronic Structure
Electrons do not orbit nucleii, but
move randomly in space around the
nucleus.
Orbital•The space in which the electrons (e-) are likely to be found
•Max 2 e- per orbital
Electron Configuration•A description of
the electrons in an atom
Rule of Electron configuration
• Number: energy level (row #)
• Letter: energy sublevel (area)
• Superscript: # of e- in sublevel
• d electrons: 1 level < row #
• f electrons: 2 levels < row #
• Include all filled sublevels
Energy Levels•Corresponds to row #
•1 - 7
•Related to size
Energy Sublevels•Corresponds to an area on the periodic table
•= nodes in orbitals
•s, p, d, f
s - electrons•Columns 1A & 2A
•Spherical orbitals
p - electrons•Col. 3A - 8A or 13 - 18
•Dumbbell shaped orbital
•3 orbitals per sublevel
•1 node
d - electrons•Cols 3B - 2B or 3 - 12
•Transition area (2 nodes)
•Double dumbbell shaped
•5 orbitals in sublevel
f - electrons•Lower removed area
•Triple dumbbell shaped
•7 orbitals per sublevel
•3 nodes
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
5s -4s -3s -2s -1s -
5p - - -4p - - -3p - - -2p - - -
4d - - - - -3d - - - - -
Ground State•All electrons are in their lowest possible energy state
Excited State•One or more electrons are not in their lowest possible energy state
Degenerate Orbitals
•Orbitals at the same energy level
WriteTheECsfor:
•F
•Rb
•Tc
•As
Write the ECs for:
Sn Pt
I Mn+2
Chromium & Copper are
Kinky
EC for Transition El.•4s23d1 4s23d6
•4s23d2 4s23d7
•4s23d3 4s23d8
•4s13d5 4s13d10
•4s23d5 4s23d10
All Transition elements have either 1 or 2 electrons in
their outermost energy level
All inner-transition elements have two electrons in their outermost energy
level
Write the ECs for:
Zn Au
Al+3 Fe+3
Valence Electrons•Electrons in the outer most energy level
•Electrons involved in chemical reactions
Octet Rule•8 electrons in the outer level is stable
•elements attempt to get eight electrons in their outer level
Electron Dot Diagram•Represents the valence electrons in an atom
•Maximum 4 pairs drawn on an imaginary square around the symbol
Chromium & Copper Are
Kinky
Transition Dot Diagrams
•Kinky ones have a single
•All the rest have a pair
Inner Transition Dot Diagrams
•All have a pair
Wave Formula•v or c = f •c = speed of light
= wavelength
or f = frequency
Calculate the wavelength of your
favorite radio stationFM in MHzAM in kHz
Plank’s Formula•E = hf = hc/•E = energy
•h = Plank’s Constant
Calculate the energy of a photon from your favorite
radio station:
Calculate the energy of uv
light at 221 nm:
DeBroglie’s Formula
= h/mv
Calculate the wavelength of a 221 g baseball
thrown at 15 m/s:
Calculate the energy and mass of a photon of IR light at 1.326 m:
Spectrum•The unique set of waves absorbed or emitted by a substance
Absorption Spectrum•The unique set of wavelengths absorbed by a substance
•Atomic Absorption Sp
Emission Spectrum•The unique set of wavelengths emitted by a substance
•Atomic Emission Sp
Atomic Absorption Spectrum
•Dark-line Spectrum
Atomic Emission Spectrum
•Bright-line Spectrum• http://
chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/periodic4.html
SpectroscopyThe study of a substance under
continuous excitation energy