Metallurgy: Mining

Introduction Activities before mining Types of mining

UNDERGROUND AND SURFACE MiningPRESENTED BY: BARBARA SIERRA KEVIN ESPINOZA

Introduction of Mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body.

Before MiningProspection:Which us the process of looking for mineral deposits. The team generally include experts in geology, geophysics, geochemistry, computer techniques, drilling, mineral economics, metallurgy, and related fields.

Figure 48. Trained Specialist

Types of Mining Surface Mining

Underground Mining

Surface Mining

is a type of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed.

Figure 19. Surface Mining

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Surface MiningOpen-pit bench mining Open-pit mining involves excavation, also sometimes called open-cut mining since the overburden is not returned to the pit and an open cut remains after mining is completed.

Figure 21. The worlds biggest open pit copper mine can be found in the north of Chile, just outside of Calama , called Chuquicamata.

Underground Mining

Underground mining can be chosen for any type of deposit too deep for surface methods.

Figure 32 . Underground Mining

Underground Mining Underground Mining methods:Long wall mining Open Stopes/ Room and Pillar Sublevel Stoping Shrinkage Stoping Cut-and-Fill Stoping Square Set-and-Fill Stoping Sublevel Caving Block Caving Solution Mining Continuous Mining Nuclear Blasting

Underground MiningLong-wall Miningis a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice

Figure 33. Long-wall Mining

Video of Long-wall mining

Underground MiningOpen stopes/ Room and PillarAminingsystem in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane while leaving "pillars" of untouched material to support the roofoverburdenleaving open areas or "rooms" underground.

Figure 34. Room and Pillar

Video of Room and Pillar

Underground MiningSublevel Stoping is a method of underground mining method that involves vertical mining in a large, open stope that has been created inside an ore vein.

Figure 35. Sublevel Stoping

Video of Sublevel Stoping

Underground MiningShrinkage StopingIn shrinkage stoping,the mining proceeds upward between levels in steeply dipping ore bodies, and most of the broken ore is left in the stope until mining is completed.

Figure 36. Shrinkage Stoping

Underground MiningCut-and-Fill Stopingis a method of underground mining used in vertical stopes and in mining high-grade irregular ore bodies.

Figure 37. Cut-and-Fill Stoping

Video of Cut-and-FillStoping

Underground MiningSublevel CavingIs underhand method for mining thick, steeply dipping deposits. Starting at one end of the uppermost sublevel.

Figure 39. Sublevel Caving

Video of Sublevel Caving

Underground MiningBlock CavingBlock caving is method for mine large massive, structurally weak deposits at high production rates

Figure 40. Block Caving

Video of Block Caving

Underground MiningSolution MiningSolution mining is a method in which water, acid, or alkali dissolves minerals in an ore deposit and then is treated for recovery.

Figure 41. Solution Mining

Video of Solution Mining

Underground MiningContinuos MiningContinuos mining is a system based on the machinery used in fragmenting ore rather than on the method of ground support.

Underground MiningNuclear Blasting MiningNuclear explosives have the capability of fracturing and breaking large volumes of rock at low cost, which makes them of interest for potential use in mining.

Figure 43. Nuclear Blasting Mining

Video of Nuclear Blast Mining

Figure 2. CopperMaterials Recovered in Mining

Figure 1. GoldMaterials Recovered in Mining

Materials Recovered in MiningFigure 6. Diamonds

Materials Recovered in Mining

Figure 8. Iron

Figure 9. SilverMaterials Recovered in Mining

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