disfonia
DESCRIPTION
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Disfonia (Suara Parau)
Kristianto Yusi Adiputra
Siti Masitoh
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Anatomi Laring• Air moves from the pharynx to the larynx, a structure about
5 cm (2 in) long located approximately in the middle of the neck.
• While the primary role of the larynx:– Transport air to the trachea– Producing sound– Prevents food and fluid from entering the air passage to
cause choking– Mucous membranes and cilia-bearing cells help filter air
• When a person is breathing, the epiglottis is held in a vertical position, like an open trap door. When a person swallows, however, a reflex causes the larynx and the epiglottis to move toward each other, forming a protective seal, and food and fluids are routed to the esophagus.
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Suara Parau
• Bukan merupakan suatu penyakit, tetapi gejala penyakit.
• Digambarkan oleh pasien sbg suara yg kasar, atau susah keluar atau suara dg nada lebih rendah dr suara yg biasa/normal.
• Terjadi akibat setiap keadaan yg menimbulkan gangguan dlm getaran, gangguan dlm ketegangan serta gangguan dlm pendekatan kedua pita kiri dan kanan.
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Suara Parau
• Walaupun hanya gejala, tp bl prosesnya berlangsung kronikmerupakan tanda awal dr penyakit yg serius di daerah tenggorok, khususnya laring.
• Etiologi : prinsipnya menimpa laring dan sekitarnya. Berupa; radang, tumor, paralisis otot-otot laring, kelainan laring (cth. Sikatriks akibat operasi), fiksasi pd sendi krikoaritenoid, dll.
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• Disfonia ventrikular : keadaan plika ventrikular yg mengambil alih fungsi fonasi pita suara, misal sbg akibat pemakaian suara yg terus menerus pd pasien dg laringitis akut.
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• Radang laring : akut dan kronik.Akut : disertai gejala demam, malaise, nyeri
menelan atau berbicara, batuk, disamping suara parau. Dpt terjadi sumbatan laring.
Kronik tdk spesisik, dpt disebabkan oleh sinusitis kronik atau bronkitis kronis atau krn penggunaan suara (berteriak-teriak atau berbicara keras). Radang kronik yg spesifik: tuberkulosa dan lues. Gjlx selain suara parau, jg ada gjl penyebab atau penyakit yg menyertainya.
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• Tumor laring dpt jinak atau ganas. Tgt lokasi tumor, misal tumor pita suarasegera timbul suara parau dan bl tumor tubuh menjadi besarmenimbulkan sumbatan jalan napas.
• Tumor ganas : tumbuh dg cepat, disertai gjl batuk (kadang2 batuk darah), BB menurun, keadaan umum memburuk.
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• Paralisis otot laring : dpt disebabkan oleh gangguan persarafan, baik sentral maupun perifer, dan biasanya paralisis motorik bersama paralisis sensorik.
• Bs unilateral atau bilateral.• Penyebab sentral, misal paralisis bulbar,
siringomielia, tabes dorsalis, multipel sklerosis.
• Penyebab perifer, misal struma, pasca strumektomi, limfadenopati coli, trauma leher, tumor esofagus dan mediastinum, anuerisma aorta dan arteria subskalvia kanan.