disorders of the urinary system. common urinary terms cystitis glomerulonephritis renal calculi ...
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Disorders of the Urinary System
Common Urinary Terms Cystitis
Glomerulonephritis Renal calculi Renal failure
Renal failure tx options
What will we cover?
Dysuria painful Urination
Anuria no urination
Hematuria blood in urine Enuresis
Unable to control urination
Nocturnal Enuresis
Bedwetting Oliguria
scant urination Pyuria
pus in the urine Polyuria
frequent urination Nocturia
Frequent night urination
Common Urinary Terms
Cystitis
Inflammation of the lining of the bladder
Most common cause – E. Coli
Sx – dysuria, polyuria, fever
Usually in females Test: UA & Urine Cx Rx – abx, prevention tips
Cystitis
****Only write bold words**** Drink plenty of liquids, especially water. Drinking lots of fluids is
especially important if you're getting chemotherapy or radiation therapy, particularly on treatment days.
Urinate frequently. If you feel the urge to urinate, don't delay using the toilet.
Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. This prevents bacteria in the anal region from spreading to the vagina and urethra.
Take showers rather than tub baths. If you're susceptible to infections, showering rather than bathing may help prevent them.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus. Do this daily, but don't use harsh soaps or wash too vigorously. The delicate skin around these areas can become irritated.
Empty your bladder as soon as possible after intercourse. Drink a full glass of water to help flush bacteria.
Avoid using deodorant sprays or feminine products in the genital area. These products can irritate the urethra and bladder.
Cystitis Patient Prevention Tips
Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli (tiny filters in your kidneys).
Can be acute or chronic. Sx: Hematuria, Proteinuria, HTN, edema,
fatigue, Complication of lupus/DM Tx: If complication of dx – tx disease. If
acute - cure itself, or if severe – dialysis or transplant.
Glomerulonephritis
Renal Calculi
crystals of calcium phosphate & uric acid Get larger until they block ureters sx – severe pain, n&v, polyuria, chills, fever,
hematuria Dx – sx, x-ray Rx – increase fluids, meds, and if needed –
LITHOTRIPSY (surgical procedure using shock waves to break up stone/s)
Renal Calculi
Renal Failure
ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURECause: nephritis, shock, injury, bleeding, sudden heart failure or poisoning• Sx – oliguria, anuria• Complication – Uremia (toxic – blood retains
waste products) CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE gradual loss of function of nephrons – most common cause is complication of DM• Tx – Dialysis or Transplant
Renal Failure2 Types
Renal Failure Tx
Type #1: Hemodialysis Pt connected to dialysis unit by needles &
tubing that take the blood from the pt to the machine and back to the pt - filtered by a semipermeable membrane.
2-3x week for 2-4 hours each time Also needs special diet and meds
Dialysis “Artificial Kidney”2 Types
Peritoneal Dialysis Uses the pts own peritoneal lining instead of dialyzer to
filter blood.
Solution into abdomen through catheter then drained. 4 changes/day or some do while sleeping (automated)
Dialysis “Artificial Kidney”2 Types
Must be from similar immune system to prevent rejection.
Blood & cellular material must match
Antirejection drugs given after transplant.
Last hope for most
Kidney Transplant
Dialysis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Uj-C1-HyU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn4m1VO2OzQ