This guide has been produced with the financial support of the European Commission (Directorate General for Transport and Energy under theIntelligent Energy for Europe Programme, Grant agreement EIE/04/053/S07.38612).The sole responsibility for the content of these guidelines lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Communities.The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

Produced by the Centre for Energy Efficiency, EnEffect, in collaboration

with Energie-Cités, the European Alliance of Companies for Energy

Efficiency in Buildings, EuroACE, the Council of European

Municipalities and Regions, CEMR and the Architects' Council of

Europe, ACE, as part of Towards Class A - Municipal Buildings as

Shining Examples Project.

These Guidelines would not have been possible without the support of

the local authorities presented in the examples, and of the associated

partners of the Display® Campaign who are advertising in this

brochure.

I. INTRODUCTION

The aim of these Guidelines 2The legal framework 2The Display® Campaign 3

II. THE TOWARDS "CLASS A" JOURNEY 4

III. HOW AM I DOING? - THE DISPLAY® POSTER

Producing and using the Display® Poster 5Understanding the Display® Poster 5The Display® Poster as an analytical tool 6

IV. A LITTLE HELP FROM MY FRIEND - THE HELP CENTRE

Accessing the Help Centre 7The Energy Watchers Recommendations 8Simple Building Performance Check 10Shining Examples 12Resources 12EXTRA TASK: building survey (energy and water audit) 13

V. GET POWER - SAVE ENERGY: CHANGING BEHAVIOUR

Background 14Display® Communication Handbook 14

VI. NOW FOR SOME ACTION!

Developing and implementing an action plan 16

VII. WE CAN DO BETTER!

Monitoring and evaluation 18Conclusion 18

ANNEX 1: 19

Examples of using the Simple Building Performance Check

ANNEX 2: 23

Examples of successful communication campaigns

ASSOCIATED PARTNERS 27

Advertisements

Contents

1contents

2

The aim of these Guidelines

From January 2006, the European EnergyPerformance of Buildings Directive(EPBD) placed a legal obligation onmunicipalities to measure and publicly"display" the energy performance of theirbuildings. In response, the Display®Campaign, "Towards Class A" was set upto help municipalities benefit from theserequirements by developing strategies toengage with the public and maximise therewards of better environmental manage-ment of public buildings.

The "Towards Class A" Guidelines formpart of the Display®/Towards Class A HelpCentre, and aim to help both elected rep-resentatives and building energy man-agers reduce the environmental impacts ofmunicipal buildings by providing systema-tic, practical advice. The central objectiveis to assist municipalities improve the per-formance of their low-rated buildings rapid-ly, from Classes E, F or G to Classes B, Cor even A.

The Guidelines aim to address six keyquestions:

- How can general energy management ofmunicipal buildings be improved, and whatactivities need to be part of the buildingenergy manager's daily routine?

- For which buildings will a Simple BuildingPerformance Check suffice, and which willneed a detailed energy audit?

- Is it possible to scale up a class by mak-ing small investments?

- Is it possible to reach Class A throughmajor refurbishment?

- How can the labelling process affectbuilding users' behaviour? Will an aware-ness campaign bring the results antici-pated?

- What are the common mistakes to avoid?

Advice and recommendations in theseGuidelines have, where possible, beenreinforced by evidence found in theTowards Class A Shining Examples,where the benefits of taking concreteactions have been measured using theDisplay® Poster.

Complementing these Guidelines, 100"Shining Examples" from across Europewill be promoted and showcased to allEuropean municipalities via a speciallycreated Shining Example search engine.Shining Examples are currently accessibleon the Display® website (www.display-campaign.org).

The legal framework

Display® - the European MunicipalBuilding Climate Campaign deals directlywith key elements of the EPBD. Formallyadopted in December 2002, the Directivewas to be transposed into the national leg-islation of all Member States by January2006, and implemented between 2006and 2009. This Directive requires allMember States to take (among others) thefollowing steps:

- Develop a common methodology for cal-culating and certifying the energy perform-

I. IntroductionThe Display® Campaign as a tool complementary to national Energy Performance of Buildings Directiveimplementation schemes

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ance of buildings, taking into account cli-matic conditions

- Determine and apply minimum standardsof energy performance both to new build-ings and to the major refurbishment oflarge existing buildings

- Implement, through a consistent systemof certification, the public display of infor-mation on the energy performance ofbuildings occupied by public authorities

The Display® Campaign

In municipal buildings all over Europe,vast quantities of energy and water arebeing needlessly wasted - and at signifi-cant cost to both the taxpayer and theenvironment. Two key and related pointsoften lie at the heart of this problem: in-adequate energy management by munici-palities, and/or careless energy consump-tion habits by building users oblivious oftheir impacts. Display® aims to addressboth issues - with the EPBD as its under-lying driver.

The objective of the European Campaignis to accelerate the Directive's implemen-tation and provide European municipali-ties with an opportunity to take a strategicapproach - and be one step ahead.Display® is a voluntary scheme designedvia a networking process involving muni-cipal energy experts from towns andcities across Europe. It has provided localauthorities with a rare opportunity to con-tribute to the development of an EU-widetoolkit used at the local level, to imple-ment a European Directive. As a result,something pragmatic and appropriate formunicipal managers has been created:the new poster and labelling systemdesigned are readily accessible and canbe adapted to complement any nationalimplementation scheme.

Using Display® local authorities can:

- Communicate with citizens and showlocal initiatives to the public

- Display an eye-catching poster which iseasily understandable by the public

- Obtain instant access to an efficient,user friendly and pragmatic internet-based tool

- Calculate the performance of buildings ofall sizes (thus including those <1000 m2)

- Monitor and evaluate the progress ofthe public building stock by updating theposter every year

- Display the water consumption in addi-tion to energy and CO2

- Become a member of an innovativeEuropean Campaign to combat climatechange

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Like all sustainable processes, the journeytowards "Class A" in public buildings isiterative, not linear. The Towards Class Aprocess chart (see figure 1) illustrates thelogical process that needs to be followedto improve the performance of both indi-vidual buildings and the building stock ingeneral.

The five steps are as follows:

1. "How am I doing?" - Producing and uti-lising the Display® Poster

2. "A little help from my friend" - Accessingthe Help Centre

3. "Get power - Save energy: changingbehaviour"

4. "Now for some action!" - Developing andimplementing an action plan

5. "We can do better!" - Monitoring andevaluation

Figure 1:

the "Towards Class A" journey

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DDiissppllaayy®® PPoosstteerr

WWee ccaann ddoo bbeetttteerr!! --mmoonniittoorriinngg

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GGeett ppoowweerr -- SSaavvee eenneerrggyy:: cchhaannggiinngg bbeehhaavviioouurr

NNooww ffoorr ssoommee aaccttiioonn!! -- ddeevveellooppiinngg aanndd iimmpplleemmeennttiinngg aann aaccttiioonn ppllaann

EnergyWatchers

Recommen-dations

SimpleBuilding

PerformanceCheck

Shining Examples

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Resources Statistical analysisComparisonsNew actions

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Nationalcertifi-cate

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Display® Communication Handbook

II. The "Towards Class A" journey

the "

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A"

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Producing and using the Display® Poster

The first step for all local authorities whoare members of the Display® Campaign isto collect simple baseline data and feedthis into the Display® calculation tool. Datarequirements include readily availableinformation such as:

• Annual consumption for lightingand equipment in kWh

• Annual heating and hot water consumption in kWh

• Annual water consumption in m3

The Display® calculation tool then pro-duces the Display® Poster (see figure 2):

• The Poster is the most visible part ofthe Campaign: its attractive appear-ance is based on the widely-knownhousehold electrical appliance labels

• The design of the Poster took morethan one year of extensive discus-sions with municipalities and otherstakeholders

Understanding the Display® Poster

The building is classified in three distinct ca-tegories: primary energy consumption; CO2emissions; and water consumption. ThePoster features seven classes from A(green) to G (red) for each category, presen-ted in a format highly familiar to the public.

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III. How am I doing? - The Display® Poster

Display® Classification

Primary energy consumption inkWh/m2/year

Actions and technicalsolutions to progresstowards class A

Local authority’s logoand contact details

GHG emissions (CO2equivalents) inkg/m2/year

Water consumption inl/m2/year

Distribution of energysources in %

Figure 2: Display® Poster

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The Poster also specifies the contributionof each primary fuel source (fossil,nuclear, and renewable energy) to meetingthe building's final demand for electricity,heat and hot water. This feature addressesa key element of the Directive 2003/54/ECof the European Parliament and of theCouncil of 26 June 2003 concerning com-mon rules for the internal market in elec-tricity (and repealing Directive 96/92/EC),which requires electricity supply compa-nies to specify the fuel mix and relatedenvironmental impacts of the electricitythey sell.

Next, examples of measures that willimprove the building's performance by oneclass (or more) are listed in each category:this helps building users visualise theextent of change needed to make clearprogress. Measures target both the build-ing users, through "Simple Actions", andbuilding managers, through "TechnicalSolutions"

• "Simple Actions" aim to engagewith building users by bringing theirenergy and water using habits intofocus. The measures listed hereallow them to participate in improv-ing the building's rating in each ca-tegory

• "Technical Solutions": the Posteralso summarises and promotes the

municipality's activity in terms ofrealised or planned technical solu-tions. The "Towards Class A" build-ing section of the Poster provides aplatform upon which a public decla-ration of the municipality's commit-ment can be made: for example,how it intends to improve the energyperformance of the building in thenext three years. This can be a diffi-cult part of the Poster to complete,and for this reason the TowardsClass A Help Centre was developed(see section IV "A little help frommy friend - the Help Centre"below)

Finally, the details of a contact person areprovided next to the local authority logo,enabling users of the building to make con-tact with the relevant department, to askquestions or make suggestions.

The Display® Poster as an analytical tool

Municipalities can use the Posters as partof a benchmarking system to profile andanalyse the entire building stock, and com-pare the certified building/s with others(see section VI "Now for some Action! -Developing and implementing anAction Plan" below).

The bigger, the better

This Romanian school has displayed the building label promi-nently, which in turn encourages citizens - and other local build-ing managers - to take notice. Organisers report that most build-ing managers put up Display® labels at building entrances in anA3 size, but they are hopeful that more and more will manage tocreate large labels like the one pictured.

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Accessing the Help Centre

The "Towards Class A" Help Centre pro-vides a number of tools encouragingmunicipalities to upgrade and improve theenergy efficiency of their buildings. Its pri-

mary purpose is to identify practical mea-sures that can be taken, and can thus beadded to the "simple actions" and "techni-cal solutions" section of the Display®Poster.

IV. A little help from my friend - the Help Centre

TCA Help Centre

Figure 3: structure of the Help Centre

7

2. Energy Watchers Recommendations 3. Simple Building Performance Check

4. Shining Examples

1. Towards Class A Guidelines

5. Resources

Thermal comfort inside the building

Quick check of building's current condition by sub-systems

Links / ReferencesUseful website addresses

Selection and implementation of energysaving measures from those recommended

Generation of advice for energy savingmeasures by sub-systems, incl. percent-age of savings, cost effectiveness, environmental protection level, link toShining Examples

General tips for energy managers - day-to-day energy management of thebuilding by:

- Building envelope- Heat production- Heating system- Hot water system- Ventilation system- Air-conditioning system- Lighting system - Cold water supply system- Metering devices

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The Help Centre is composed of five ele-ments (see figure 3):

- Towards Class A Guidelines

- Energy Watchers Recommendations(EWR)

- Simple Building Performance Check(SBPC)

- Shining Examples

- Resources

Poor-performing buildings are referreddirectly to the Simple BuildingsPerformance Check. Even if the SimpleCheck cannot replace a professional auditthe building manager should use it to iden-tify simple and obvious tasks and improve-ments systematically, and implement thesewithout necessarily paying for a full audit.

The Energy Watchers Recommendations

Routine energy management for ownersand managers

The Energy Watchers Recommendationsgive advice on how building owners andenergy managers can save energy on aday-to-day basis. Ideally, to save energyand money a municipality that both ownsand occupies buildings should appoint anenergy manager. A rule of thumb used bysome local governments is to employ oneenergy officer for every two million Eurosspent on energy and water - to ensure stafflevels are adequate for successful energymanagement.

Advice for building owners

Getting organised

- Keep all drawings of the building and itsinstallations; all design documentation;equipment certificates and manuals; testprotocols and letters of guarantee as wellas operation and maintenance manuals

- Encourage the occupants of the buildingto save energy. Behavioural change canreduce energy consumption by 10-15%(see section V "Get power - save ener-gy: changing behaviour" below)

- Identify potential suppliers, installers orcontractors of energy or water savingmeasures (where possible contact suppli-ers that have been recommended to you)

- Ensure that controlled (mechanical) ven-tilation systems are well maintained: a minimum amount of fresh air is required forhealth and safety reasons

Planning ahead

Introduce a maintenance programme. Theaim of a maintenance programme is toimplement operation and maintenance rou-tines that ensure that the building and itssub-systems, such as the heating system,function properly, thereby providing healthyand safe conditions within the building.Periodical, "planned" maintenance shouldbe scheduled at regular intervals to main-tain the condition of the building, whilemore "response" maintenance is ne-cessary when systems breakdown andrequire either replacement of individualcomponents or the whole system. It isimportant that regular maintenance and theinstallation of new systems or individualcomponents is carried out by appropriatelyqualified skilled professionals.Implementing a maintenance programmeand utilising the skills of trained profession-als when necessary should help to min-imise the operating costs of the building,including the energy and repair costs.

A building that performs well will use less energyand achieve a better Display® or national energyrating. Building energy labelling/certification stimu-lates energy savings in both existing and newbuildings by making the considerable potential forenergy savings more visible.

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Procurement and major projects

- When replacing equipment/installationsor purchasing new equipment, seek infor-mation on the costs and benefits of differ-ent options. Useful information can befound by searching the internet; looking atthe Shining Examples on the Display®website; contacting local energy agenciesand experienced municipalities; and talk-ing to different suppliers

- New appliances should generally havean energy label rated class A (or evenA++)

- Review existing energy supply contracts, inparticular with respect to "green" electricity.

- In the case of bigger refurbishment pro-jects, order an energy audit (see "ExtraTask: building survey (energy andwater audit)" below) and consider:

changing the fuel type used; installing acogeneration plant or utilising an alterna-tive heating source (such as geothermal orground source heat pumps, solar or otherrenewable energy sources)

- If third-party financing or contracting arebeing considered in order to realise effi-ciency measures, request model contractsand contact experienced municipal energymanagers

Advice for building managers

Generally, success or failure, in terms ofenergy management, rests with the energymanager! The absence of an energy manager can lead to a number of signifi-cant obstacles preventing sound energymanagement. Without an energy manager:

- There is no clear "voice" to advise theowner on investments in energy efficiency

- The absence of this advice can meanannual budgets for energy conservationmeasures etc. are overlooked

- The lack of a budget will mean energy effi-ciency measures cannot be implemented

- Without implementation of energy effi-ciency measures, energy costs and pollu-tion will be higher, and surpluses lower

However, once an energy manager or offi-cer is in place, there are a number of day-to-day activities that can be undertaken.

Getting organised

- Develop and maintain up-to-date opera-tion and maintenance manuals for thebuilding (including records of inspection,cleaning and repair, technical installationsand related documentation)

- Produce a schedule for checking thebuilding and systems for visual damage orfailures

- Analyse and compare the energy con-sumption of the building over time and withother buildings

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Pitfalls to avoid

Do not automatically buy the cheap-est equipment on the market - itcould be more economically andenvironmentally costly over the longterm: instead consider using greenpublic procurement schemes!

Public purchasers command a largeshare of the market. Local authori-ties can use their purchasing powerwhen they opt to purchase goodsand services that also respect theenvironment. Green public procure-ment covers areas such as the pur-chase of energy-efficient computersand building components, lightingequipment, recycled paper, cleanvehicles, environmentally-friendlypublic transport and electricitystemming from renewable energysources.

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Simple Building PerformanceCheck

The Simple Building Performance Check(SBPC) is an easy-to-use on-line toolallowing a systematic evaluation of a build-ing's performance. Found in the HelpCentre section of the Display® website, itis especially useful to managers of ClassE, F and G-rated buildings, as it identifiesthe most appropriate solutions and ener-gy-efficient measures that could improveperformance.

Once the performance of a building is cal-culated, an alert message for all E, F or G-rated buildings is generated: "This buildingis in E-G class. You can easily improve itsperformance. Please have a look at theSimple Building Performance Check". Inthe near future an additional function willindicate whether heating, electricity orwater consumption figures exceed bench-marks for the corresponding building type.

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- Analyse energy consumption by catego-ry of energy use if possible (space heating,water heating, ventilation, air condition-ing/cooling, lighting, power)

- Measure weekly energy consumptionand outdoor temperatures. Establish theEnergy Temperature curve (ET-curve) ofthe building. An ET-diagram indicatingmean outdoor temperature [°C] and therelevant energy consumption[kWh/m2week] is a basic tool in an energymanagement system

- An ET-curve describes the correct ener-gy consumption for a building. Deviationfrom the ET-curve indicates malfunctioningequipment. This should be investigatedand remedied

- Have heating and cooling systems fullyserviced every 6 to 12 months, and deter-mine whether and when a replacement isneeded

Getting around the site

- Ensure correct installation and operationof the equipment

- Check thermostat settings to ensure thatthe heating and cooling system turns onand off at the programmed temperatures

- Advise occupants to switch off electricalequipment instead of leaving it on stand-bymode (a typical photocopier left switchedon overnight wastes enough energy tomake 5300 A4 copies; a PC monitor leftswitched on overnight wastes enoughenergy to laser-print 800 A4 copies!) (seesection V "Get power - save energy:changing behaviour - Display®Communication Handbook").

Pitfalls to avoid

Do not just hang Display® Posters in the best buildings. Bristol (UK), was not tooshy to hang up the Posters in buildings rated E, F or G. This generally provokeddebate and helped focus people's attention on the need for improvement.

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The SBPC allows the user to check a building's performance in threesteps. The first step is to select one of the sub-systems for analysis (seefigure 4).

The second step (see figure 5) is to complete the sub-system sheet byselecting all of the characteristics listed that describe the building.

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Figure 4:

building's sub-systems

Figure 5:

SBPC for the buildingenvelope

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In step 3 (see figure 6) the SBPC generates advice addressing all of the building sub-system characteristics that were selected, detailing improvement measures, estimatesof achievable energy/water savings, cost effectiveness and environmental benefits.

Percentage of energy and water savingsdepends to a great extent on: the building'scondition before measures are implement-ed; the quality of the materials and mea-sures used; climate and indoor tempera-ture. Savings will also depend on the inter-action between measures implementedsimultaneously and on human factors suchas user behaviour and maintenance.

Cost effectiveness depends on investmentcost, energy and water prices; climaticconditions and operational procedureswithin the building; building's performancebefore the measure's implementation; andpercentage of savings.

Environmental impact depends on the typeand quantity of the resource saved.

The examples in Annex 1 (below) using"before and after" Display® Posters illus-trate how measures suggested by theSBPC can be used to improve a building'sperformance.

"Shining Examples"

The idea of "Shining Examples" is to pro-mote good practice and learning amongstmunicipalities and to provide evidence thatgood examples of buildings and schemesare everywhere. Some of the Display®Campaign Shining Examples are sum-marised in Annexes 1 and 2 of theseGuidelines. The full range of ShiningExamples is available on the Campaign’swebsite (www.display-campaign.org).

Figure 6:

advice page for thebuilding envelope

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Resources

The resources part of the Help Centreprovides municipalities with useful infor-mation and links to websites for nationaland international organisations and NGOsthat work in the field of improving the ener-gy and environmental performance ofbuildings, and networks of the EU MemberStates. The information is organised in aneasy-to-use manner.

EXTRA TASK: building survey (energy and water audit)

The "Towards Class A" Help Centre is arepository of information containing stan-dardised improvements. It also helps ma-nagers select those buildings which are inneed of a more detailed analysis/energyaudit. Municipalities that do not have the"in-house" capabilities needed to performa detailed energy audit should appoint aspecialist. This appointment is generallyachieved though a tendering process andtherefore it is important to establish the keyrequirements to be included in anInvitation to Tender.

An energy audit should provide data aboutthe building and all sources of energyused. The energy specialist is likely tomake use of a specially designed comput-er programme to carry out the audit usinga broad range of specific building data.Crucial data likely to be analysed includes:

- The state of the primary heating system(controls, burner and distribution of heat;bills)

- Insulation levels, U-values of the buildingenvelope: windows and doors, lowest floor,external walls and roof

- Ventilation and air conditioning systems

- Consumption of electricity (i.e. lightingand equipment) and electricity bills

Having undertaken a detailed analysis ofthese key elements, the consultant/auditorshould identify the potential for energy andwater saving and develop clear re-commendations for an energy/water sa-ving strategy.

The audit report must identify likely sav-ings (in fuel bills, CO2), the associatedinvestment costs, and the payback period.Other useful indicators may include theNet Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate ofReturn on investment (IRR), projectedmaintenance costs and lifetimes of thehardware to be installed. In order to con-sider the replacement of the central heat-ing system, the heating demand profilesand the boiler sizing need to be deter-mined.

Note

Any desire to consider renewableenergy should be conveyed in thetender document so that, forexample:

• The suitability of the roofcan be assessed for solarheating, PV or roof-mountedturbines etc.

• Any provision of biomass-based heating considers theavailability of locally sourcedfuel, and the provision of on-site fuel storage facilities.

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Background

Attempts to improve energy efficiencyoften fail due to the difficulty energy spe-cialists experience when communicatingwith the rest of the community. Energy andclimate-related jargon is often incompre-hensible to non-specialists: MWh,

Gigajoules, tonne-CO2 equivalent andother units mean nothing to most people.

However, improving energy efficiencyincludes making decisions that involve andmust be understood by the vast majority -people such as elected representatives,building contractors, SME managers,housing estate managers, and the generalpublic.

Display® is a communication tool gearedto positively influence the behaviour ofthese stakeholders - and the Display®Poster is in fact an interface between themunicipality and the population.

Display® CommunicationHandbook

IIn order to strengthen communication onenergy in municipal buildings labelled inDisplay®, a communication handbook hasbeen produced by Energie-Cités togetherwith energy experts and the Display® pilotgroup (see figure 7).

The Handbook is intended to help munici-palities organise successful awarenessraising activities. The step-by-step guidetakes Display® municipalities through theplanning, implementation and evaluationof a communication campaign. TheHandbook also addresses important ele-ments such as: data collection for thePoster; media activities; promotional products; and good practice - "ShiningExamples".

V. Get power - save energy: changing behaviour

Figure 7:Display® Communication Handbook

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The Handbook is organised as a handyfolder. This format allows sheets to betaken out (e.g. to photocopy) or added /updated. The Handbook has been pub-lished in English, French, German, Italianand Polish. It has been translated andsoon will be published in Bulgarian too.

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Tip

E, F and G-rated buildings can be

powerful drivers for the Display®

Campaign and should not be left out

of communication activities.

Culturally, some countries are reluc-

tant to display any label not rated

Class A. But at the heart of this

Campaign is an intention to improve

the performance of all buildings and

building users. The potential for

progress is much greater if a build-

ing's label is in the E-G range: this

potential should be realised and ce-

lebrated!

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Developing and implementing an action plan

The development of an action plan isessential to success. Using the toolsdescribed above, the performance ofbuildings can be calculated, specificproblems identified, and a clear andrealistic set of actions drafted. Thisprocess provides a solid basis on whichto develop an action plan, complete withtechnical measures and communicationactivities (see examples in Annexes 1and 2).

The objective of the action plan is todefine the activities (technical mea-sures, management and communica-tion) that should be implemented toimprove the performance of the buildingor buildings. The plan may be developedand implemented in the following steps:

1. Planning of the activities in time: start-date of activities, duration, etc.

2. Ensure that the plan addresses both"Technical Solutions" and communicationof "Simple Actions" - or behaviouralchange

3. Establish clear goals that fit within exist-ing Municipal Action Plans and which canbe monitored

4. Organise each activity identifying therole of:

• The local government

• The utility companies

• Target groups

• Specialists involved from each group; their tasks

5. Plan activities in terms of finance andpersonnel capacity - tendering and bid-ding; contracts for works and services

6. Monitor and record energy consumptionin the building

7. Analyse and report the results after energysaving measures have been implemented

VI. Now for some action!

How Display® contributes to the Municipal Energy ActionPlan

• It provides a list of municipal buildings and their Display® ratings

• These ratings are used to priori-tise buildings in need of improve-ment

• A schedule is developed for build-ing refurbishment and fund-raising

• Public support for an energy-sav-ing programme is accumulated

• The process of implementingmeasures is formalised - e.g. hiringconsultants, tenders, etc.

• The Display® Poster allows moni-toring of the building after therefurbishment (see section VII"We can do better! Monitoringand evaluation").

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UNITED KINGDOM - DURHAMCOUNTY

Building types - All 417 in total - most-ly primary schools.

All 300 schools have delegated ener-gy budgets and they "bank" savingsfrom their own initiatives.

Display® Posters visible in all publicbuildings with councillors encouragedto visit buildings and ask questions!

Results

Average Energy 2004 - 403 kWh/m2

Average Energy 2005 - 378 kWh/m2

Improvement - 6.3%

CO2 2004 - 88 kg/m2

CO2 2005 - 72 kg/m2

Improvement 18.5%

Average water 2004 - 1,166 l/m2

Average water 2005 - 1,100 l/m2

Improvement ~5%

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0%A B C D E F G

CO2 EMISSIONS RATIO DISTRIBUTION

Durham County in the north of England provides an outstanding example of usingDisplay® which is integral to the County's approach to sustainable development. In 2003,the County Council made a public commitment to reduce carbon dioxide emissions andwater consumption in its buildings by 10% within five years. Addressing Climate Changeis now a corporate Council priority, as is a target to have no buildings in the energy, CO2,or water class "G" by April 2008. In Durham County all public buildings have theDisplay® Poster visible. Elected members like the simplicity of the Poster and they havebeen given a list of questions to ask when visiting buildings, for example: "Is it neces-sary to have the heating on and the windows open?"See www.durham.gov.uk/sustainability

EXAMPLE of implementing an action plan:County Durham's "Away from Class G" approach

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Monitoring and evaluation

Since the Display® calculation tool offersthe option of entering several years' datafor the same building, Display® should beused as a monitoring and evaluation tool -which can form part of a complete energymanagement system encompassing theentire municipal building stock.

• Because a new Poster/label should begenerated every year, new consumptiondata must be entered, and a repository ofhistorical consumption data is created:analyse this data for individual buildingsand for the building stock as a whole, toidentify progress "Towards Class A" (seethe example of Durham in section VIabove) and measure this against statedobjectives

• All actions and technical solutionsappearing on the Poster need to bereviewed and communication campaignsevaluated as a basis for further improve-ment. Explanations of progress (or lackthereof) should be visible in "before" and"after" Posters, with clear reference to spe-cific actions taken

• This continuous, transparent measurementof actual performance against stated objec-tives and historical performance will map outand create traction for a journey, with theultimate destination being the entire publicbuilding stock moving towards "Class A"

Conclusion

The building sector (construction, opera-tion and demolition of built facilities)accounts for approximately 40% of allenergy end use. The potential for reducinggreenhouse gas emissions in existing andnew buildings is greater than that of anyother sector. Through Display®, local gov-ernments can significantly contribute tocombating climate change by improvingthe energy performance of their buildings.Additionally, by displaying and communi-cating the CO2 emissions and energy andwater consumption of their buildings to thepublic, local governments not only demon-strate their environmental responsibility,but they also encourage everyone to takeaction.

Display® is a uniquely European product,which can be used in every part of Europe,whether an EU or non-EU country.

VII. We can do better!

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Below are examples from seven European cities, which illustrate how different energy

and water efficient measures can improve a building's performance. Where possible,

comparison of Display® Posters before and after the water and/or energy efficiency

measures were installed show how the buildings' classifications progressed. The Simple

Building Performance Check can be used to help select appropriate measures to

improve a building's performance. For more information visit - www.display-

campaign.org - Shining Examples.

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Carhaix-Plouguer - FranceBuilding type: administrative Year of construction: 2003

Changes made

• Water: flow reducing devices installed, toilet flushing systems adjusted and water flow dura-tions on push-button taps reduced

• Energy: over-heating boiler adjusted andmaintained

• Communication: Large communication cam-paign with the building users

Investment cost:¤ 204

ResultsWater saved: 13% (¤ 60/year)Energy saved: 5% (¤ 573/year)Before: 2004

Carhaix-Plouguer - (FR): a few euros are sufficient for advancing one class

After: 2005

Annex 1

annex 1

Before: 1999 After: 2005

Freiburg - (DE): from E to A through a large investment

Helsinki - Finland

Building type: administrative

Changes made

• All windows renovated (sealed and secured)thus indoor temperature reduced

• Ventilation operating hours reduced to con-form to occupancy and incoming air pressure

• Sensors installed in corridors

• Heating and electricity were switched tocheaper tariffs (cost saving only)

Results

Energy saved: 26%, resulting in a jump fromclass E to C

Before: 1993 After: 2005

Helsinki - (FI): improving the envelope can save more than 25% in energy

20 annex 1

Freiburg - GermanyBuilding type: general school with gymnasiumand auditorium

Changes made• All windows renewed (U-value 1.1)• Building envelope insulation (walls 12 cm, roof 14 cm)• New heating system (wood pellets boiler andgas boiler)• PV cells• New lighting system• New toilets and showers with water saving fittings

Investment cost:¤ 8.4 million, incl. extensive refurbishment(between 1999 and 2005), no evaluation of thecosts specifically related to energy saving mea-suresResultsWater saved: 20% (339 m3)Energy saved: 65%, resulting in a jump fromclass E to BCO2 emissions avoided: 517 t/year

Before: 2003 After: 2005

Bielsko Biala - (PL): separating the heating system for caretaker's apartment pays back in less than six months

Utrecht - Netherlands

Building type: administrative

Year of construction: 16th century

Changes made

• New heating and cooling system installed

• Motion detectors installed in toilets to controllighting

• Impossible to improve insulation of windowsor roof (legal restrictions)

• Communication and good housekeeping

Results

Water saved: 31%

Energy saved: 10%

Before: 2004 After: 2006

Utrecht - (NL): renovation of a historical administrative building

Bielsko-Biala - PolandBuilding type: general school

Changes made

• Separation of on-site apartment's heating sys-

tem from that of the school (the entire school was

heated long after the children and staff had left,

in order to keep the apartment warm)

Investment cost:

¤ 4000, financed by the City Council

Pay-back time: 6 months

Results

Energy saved: 23% or 197,000 kWh/year, result-

ing a jump from class E to D

Money saved: circa ¤ 8,500pa

CO2 emissions avoided: 20 kg/m2/year

Annex 1

21annex 1

Lisbon - (PT): social housing in a warm climate

Carlow - Ireland

Building type: swimming pool

Changes made

• Installed 30kW output water-to-water heat-pump to heat the pool water

• Installed 1.8kW output air-to-water heat-pump along with a 500 litre factory insulatedhot water tank to heat the shower water

Investment cost:¤ 22,000

Results

Energy saved: reduced from 83MWh/year LPGto 12MWh/year electricity, with over a 50% saving in heating costs

CO2 emissions avoided: 11 t/year

Carlow - (IE): heat pumps installed in swimming pool

Lisbon - Portugal Building type: social housing apartments

Changes made

• Solar shading devices including moveable shading devices on all windows, white PVC exte-rior shutters (which also provide night insulation during the heating season), fixed shades(projecting horizontally or vertically from the building) designed in view of the seasonal pathof the sun and orientation of the building openings and horizontal louvers

• Energy saving measures including high levels of thermal insulation to exterior walls androofs, double-glazed low-e windows that minimise the effects of solar heat gain withoutobstructing views and daylight unduly and optimisation of daylight

• A time-controlled thermo-mechanical ventilation system providing permanent ventilation todwellings that guarantees good levels of indoor air quality

Investment cost:

The total building cost was ¤ 2.19 million, of which the low-e glazing cost ¤ 3,400 and theventilation cost ¤ 900

Results

Energy saved: for heating and lighting this was estimated at a theoretical 50 kWh/m2/year

22 annex 1

The following practical examples from active Display® cities illustrate how communica-tion has been successfully implemented on the ground. Please note that this is only aselection of a much larger range of Display® cities' activities and measures. All of thecities presented have directed major efforts to communicate with building users toachieve a change in their attitude towards energy issues. Did you know that a change ofhabits can reduce energy consumption by 10-15%? For more information visit -www.display-campaign.org - Shining Examples.

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From September 2004 to March 2006, the Bristol City Councilproduced a total of 14 Display® Posters for municipal build-ings such as schools and libraries, as well as for council build-ings. Since the city joined the Display® Campaign, theCouncil's Energy Management Unit has developed a creativecommunication concept targeting on the one hand the broad-er public, and on the other hand, the council staff.

Inspired by the tools proposed in the Display®Communication Handbook, Bristol developed and used anumber of their own innovative materials such as:

• A huge Display® poster of 6 m2, which was hung on theouter wall of the CREATE Environment Centre

• A weekly poll (multiple-choice questions) in the City Councilintranet on a topical subject to evaluate the public responseto the Posters

• An internal e-mail and two different types of Display® post-cards, which were sent to each employee in the Council build-ings after the Posters were put up, drawing attention to them

• Four types of awareness-raising posters on energy savingat the workplace, including a poster on "say goodbye tostand-by"

• Print media in which Display® featured: "Energy Echo" (theEnergy Management Units newsletter), the "Bristol News"

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Bristol - (UK): empowering building-users

Annex 2

annex 2

The Energy Management Unit has promoted Display® duringenergy and environmental events, such as the ClimateChange Fair, the Schools Environment Conference atUniversity in 2005 and the "Eco-Living" Event in 2006.

In Bristol, building users have been empowered to be activeparticipants in the Campaign. Environmental AwarenessRepresentatives (EARs) and Site Energy Officers (SEOs)were designated to help in reading gas and electricity meters,distribute energy awareness material and promote good prac-tise in energy and water saving to their colleagues. They areall volunteer members of staff who serve as contacts in thecouncil buildings.

For their exceptional municipal communication activities,Bristol City Council received the first prize in the Display®"Towards Class A" Award in 2006.

The city of Lausanne has 160 public buildings participating inDisplay®, of which 34 are school buildings. As schools areplaces where future generations can be prepared for the ener-gy challenges of today and tomorrow, Lausanne involved 2,240children from elementary, junior high and some high schools inthe first phase of its Display® communication campaign.

The concept: an interactive one-hour lesson is given by theDisplay® presenter and coordinator, employed by the IndustrialServices of Lausanne. The presentation begins with a DVDmovie called "Living with Energy" produced by thePolytechnical School of Zurich. Additional posters present theenergy situation in Lausanne and in the particular school build-ings. They are complemented by a display explaining thegreenhouse effect and the official Display® Poster.Demonstrations with solar panels connected to a light bulb andan electric motor, a demonstration of water aerator taps and aportable photovoltaic panel give the pupils an exciting hands onexperience. In addition, all the children of a class have to signa charter indicating their commitment to save energy.

Each week, another pupil becomes responsible for energy: itis that pupil's task to make sure that the charter is respectedby the whole class.

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Lausanne - (CH): Display® junior

annex 2

But grownups are not left out either. Lausanne is also publi-cising the Campaign on buses and at exhibitions devoted toenergy efficiency, especially those held within the historicalbuilding of the District Court.

The communication campaign is starting to pay-off. In six highschools where only communication activities have occurred(with no technical intervention), such as interactive lessonsgiven to the students, the primary energy performance of thebuildings has improved by almost 8% and water savings by8.3% over two years.

The city of Brasov has recognised that schools play an impor-tant role in changing the behaviour of energy consumers. Thelocal energy management and environment protectionagency (ABMEE) of Brasov launched Display® in threeschools, two high schools and one elementary school. Theactivities focused on pupils, but were also made known to thegeneral public. In that way, many citizens were given usefulinformation and advice on energy efficiency issues and weremade aware of simple actions for reducing consumption.

In October 2005, at the launch of Display®, ABMEE organ-ised an energy efficiency week. In each of the schools thepupils prepared a special event according to their school pro-file. The pupils of the sports high school carried out a hand-ball match, while those from the arts-oriented school wereinvolved in street painting focusing on energy efficiency.Pupils from the elementary school held a presentation onwhat energy is and how everyone can contribute to improveenergy efficiency.The pupils were motivated and rewarded fortheir effort with little gifts.

With numerous awareness-raising activities involving sportand art events in local schools, the municipality demonstrat-ed great creativity by introducing its own ideas and approach-es in the promotion of the efficient use of energy. The interna-tional jury appreciated these efforts and the city of Brasovreceived second prize in the Display® "Towards Class A"Award in 2006.

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Brasov - (RO): creating special events

Annex 2

annex 2

The city of Helsinki in Finland staged an extremely success-ful information day based on the Display® Campaign. Theevent had a public relations focus and used Display® as apowerful, colourful device to raise awareness and demon-strate that Helsinki takes environmental issues seriously, andis taking action to raise awareness and to reduce its impacts.Planning for the event began at least six months before it wasstaged and involved careful consideration of the nature andformat of the day, the key messages, the target audience, anappropriate speaker, the venue, timing, and budgetary con-straints.

Existing relationships and networks were invaluable forattracting the attendance of the media and high-level officialsin key government ministries, energy agencies and other bo-dies. The Deputy Mayor of Helsinki, Pekka Sauri, well-knownthroughout the country, delivered the keynote address on theday and unveiled a large, framed Display® Poster. The cityalso announced that it had set a target to hang Display®Posters in 50 buildings by the end of 2006. The informationday was an enormous success, attracting 40 visitors inclu-ding TV, radio, and several reporters. Feedback from thoseattending the event was very enthusiastic; people readilyunderstood the intention of the Poster and commented on itseye-catching appeal.

Bedford Borough Council in the United Kingdom wanted totackle the high base load energy consumption in one of theiradministrative office buildings during weekends and nights. Toachieve this goal they embarked on a programme to encour-age energy efficiency by using a team of "Energy Champions"to spread the word on energy efficiency and encouragebehavioural change amongst building users.

The Champions organised a week-long campaign that con-sisted of daily emails to staff giving energy efficiency factsand information, daily inspections of electrical equipment torecord what had been left on and placing reminder stickers onthose pieces of equipment. Feedback was provided to staff in

Helsinki - (FI): utilising the media

Bedford - (UK): nominating "Energy Champions"

26 annex 2

the form of departmental performance highlighting good orpoor results. A prize was awarded to the department thatshowed the greatest improvement. During this week, therewas a 10-15% decrease in electrical energy consumption andsavings of approximately ¤ 135 and 15,000 kWh of energy,with 6 tonnes of CO2 emissions avoided. This equates to anannual saving of ¤ 7020, 780,000kWh of energy and 335tonnes of CO2. The only cost for this project was staff time.

In 2004 the municipality of Vrakuna started an ambitious newdevelopment programme called the "New Face of Vrakuna".In a practical step to achieve their concept of "satisfied living"the council set up a municipal building management compa-ny - Spokojne byvanie Ltd. (SB). In line with this strong drivefor their clients' wellbeing, SB strives to improve the energyperformance of their buildings and reduce the living expens-es of occupants through both modern technical improve-ments and active efforts to achieve behavioural change.

The Display® message has been fully integrated into the pub-licity campaign on energy efficiency issues run by SB. Thecompany is trying to reach out to their clients using a range ofinnovative media channels, including:

• Free energy efficiency advice to clients

• Publicity campaigns in the media (newspaper articles, TVshots)

• Publication of Vrakunske listy - magazine on building andenergy management, including articles on Display®

• Website with information on energy e.g. the generation andsupply of heat, price comparisons etc. The website will alsoshow comparisons of energy efficiency of buildings and lotsof other related information, as well information on theCampaign

• Promotion events and other public events

• Satisfaction questionnaires

Display® has already appeared on National TV in Slovakiaand thanks to the work of SB there is now an increased ge-neral interest in the issues of energy efficiency in Vrakuna.

27

Bratislava-Vrakuna - (SK): reducing living costs

Annex 2

annex 2

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Thanks to Towards Class Apartners:

Thanks to Towards Class Aassociated partners: