disposal
DESCRIPTION
Disposal. Disposal Method Selection Criteria . Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal (2012). Environmental and Biosecurity Considerations . Composting. Low risk of environmental contamination Proper site selection Well-compacted soil Appropriate cover - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DisposalDisposal Method Selection Criteria
Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal (2012)
![Page 2: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Environmental and Biosecurity Considerations
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
![Page 3: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Low risk of environmental contamination– Proper site selection–Well-compacted soil– Appropriate cover
• Potential for nitrogen release• Indoor composting protected• Biosecurity risks– Test compost before transporting
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Composting
![Page 4: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Environmental regulation• Biosecurity risks– Transportation to rendering facility– Handling at rendering facility
• End product is generally safe– Some pathogens or toxins may not
be completely eliminated• Rendered carcasses not used as feed
–May be safe for landfillsUSDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Rendering
![Page 5: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Output: leachate and landfill gas• Landfills– Systems in place
for collection – Adjustments may
be necessary • Biosecurity risks– Transportation– Carcass handling
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Permitted Landfill
![Page 6: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Potential water contamination• Pathogens are not inactivated• Long term monitoring, management,
environmental testing• Environmental remediation,
if necessary
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Unlined Burial
![Page 7: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Emission control devices• Ash disposal from closed container • Biosecure transport and handling• Temporary storage, if capacity
exceeded• Inactivates prions
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Fixed-Facility Incineration
![Page 8: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Negative impact on air quality and water sources
• Soil contamination from accelerant• Ash disposal• Pathogen may be dispersed in smoke• Public nuisance, unintended fires,
and violations of regulatory restrictions
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Open-Air Burning
![Page 9: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Relatively clean-burning• Can be set up on-site• Fewer air pollutants than open-air
burning• Refractory box protects the ground at
the site from ash• Biosecure delivery of fuel
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Air-Curtain Incineration
![Page 10: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Site-Specific Disposal Method Selection Criteria
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
![Page 11: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Consult authorities to minimize negative effects– Environmental – Pubic health – Other regulations
• Consider local geophysical conditions and climatic trends
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Regional Limitations
![Page 12: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Safety Officer provides guidance in disposal site selection
• All personnel should be trained• OSHA recommendations for people
working in hazardous waste operations involving pathogens– CFR, Part 21, Chapter 1910
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Safety Considerations
![Page 13: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Biomass• Personnel needed• Necessary equipment– Type/species/number
• Potential by-products also requiring disposal – E.g., dairy cows and milk
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Animals to be Disposed
![Page 14: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Carcass disposal ideally occurs within 24 hours of depopulation – Temporary storage may be necessary
in an animal health emergency • EPA regulations may apply • Storage options– Refrigeration in closed building– Grinding and preserving carcasses – Trenches, silos, pits
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Temporary Storage
![Page 15: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Disposal (2012)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_h
ealth/emergency_management/
• Disposal web-based training module– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
For More Information
![Page 16: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Authors• Reneé Dewell, DVM, MS (CFSPH)• Tom Glanville, PhD (Iowa State
University)
Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS:• Lori P. Miller, PE• Darrel K. Styles, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria
Guidelines Content
![Page 17: Disposal](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168ab550346895ddf519e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
AcknowledgmentsDevelopment of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services
PPT Author: Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPMReviewers: Janice Mogan, DVM; Reneé Dewell, DVM, MS