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DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF INORGANICACIDS AND BASES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
CONSTANTES DE DISSOCIATIONDES ACIDES ET DES BASES INORGANIQUES
EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE
DIVISION DE CHIMIE ANALYTIQUECOMMISSION DE CHIMIE ELECTROANALYTIQUE*
CONSTANTES DE DISSOCIATION DESACIDES ET DES BASES INORGANIQUES
EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE
D. D. PERRIN
Department of Medical ChemistryInstitute of Advanced Studies
Australian Xational University, Canberra
*1. M. Koithoff, Président (U.S.A.), P. Zuman, Secrétaire (G.B.), 0. Chariot (France), W.Kemula (Pologne), L. Meites (U.S.A.), D. D. Perrin r(Australie), N. Tanaka (Japon);Membres associés: E. Bishop (G.B.), S. Bruckenstein (U.S.A.),J. Coetzee (U.S.A.), Z. Galus(Pologne), H. Nurnberg (Allemagne), R. Robinson (U.S.A.), B. Tremillon (France).
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DIVISIONCOMMISSION ON ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY*
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OFINORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES IN
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
D. D. PERRIN
Department of Medical ChemistryInstitute of Advanced Studies
Australian Xational University, Canberra
*1. M. Koithoff, Chairman (U.S.A.), P. Zuman, Secretary (U.K.), G. Chariot (France), W.Kemula (Poland), L. Meites (U.S.A.), D. D. Perrin (Australia), N. Tanaka (Japan); Associatemembers: E. Bishop (U.K.), S. Bruckenstein (U.S.A.),J. Coetzee (U.S.A.), Z. Galus (Poland),H. Nurnberg (Germany), R. Robinson (U.S.A.), B. Tremillon (France).
CONTENTS
Introduction 133
I How to use the Table 137
II Methods of measurement and calculation 139
III Table 143
IV References 219
V
INTRODUCTION
Most of the existing tables of dissociation constants of inorganic acids andbases in aqueous solution are fragmentary in character, include little or noexperimental details, and give few references. Easily the most comprehensiveof the previous collections is Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes, compiledby L. G. Sillén and A. E. Martell, and published as Special PublicationNo. 17 of the Chemical Society, London, in 1964. However, because of thenature of this compilation, the pK values in it tend to be overlain by themuch greater bulk of the stability constant data. In many cases, also, it isdifficult to decide by inspection which of the pK values should be taken fromthe wide range sometimes given for a particular substance.
The present Table follows the pattern of the similar Tables for organicacids and organic bases, which were also prepared at the request of theInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry as part of the workof the Commission on Electrochemical Data. The Table of organic acids,compiled by Kortum, Vogel, and Andrussow was published in Pure andApplied Chemistry, 1, 187—536 (1960), and also separately as a book*. TheTable of organic bases, by the present author, was published in 1965 as asupplement to Pure and Applied Chemistry4
For convenience, the dissociation constants of inorganic acids and baseshave been given, in most cases, in the form of pKa values, and the classes ofcompounds include not only conventional acids and bases such as boric acidand magnesium hydroxide, but also hydrated metal ions (which behave asacids when they undergo hydrolysis) and free radicals, such as the hydroxylradical, .OH. All of these reactions have in common the gain or loss of aproton or a hydroxyl ion. On the other hand, the hydrolyses of metal-complexions such as the cobaltammines have been excluded, as being more appro-priate to the stability constant compilation mentioned above.
In general, and largely because of the difficulties attending pK measure-ments on inorganic species, it is not possible to offer a critical assessment ofmost of the published values. In particular cases, such as water, highlyprecise constants are available over a range of temperatures, and theuncertainty is only of the order of 000 1 pH unit. More commonly, only a few,often widely discordant, values have been reported.
This is partly because of the chemical reactivity of the materials them-selves. For example, nitrous acid readily decomposes to dinitrogen trioxide.At concentrations above 001 M, boric acid is appreciably polymerised topolyboric acids; molybdic acid solutions contain Mo70246 and higherspecies; bisuiphite ion is in equilibrium with pyrosuiphite ion, S2052;and many transition and higher-valent metal ions from polynuclear specieson hydrolysis.* G. Kortutu, W. Vogel and K. Andi ussow. Dissociation Constants of Organie Acids in AqueousSolution. Butterworth & Co. Ltd., London, i61.t D. D. Perrin. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. Butterworth & Co.Ltd., London, 1965.
133PAC-.B
INTRODUCTION
Often, too, unsatisfactory methods of determination have been used.Thus, pH titration measurements are seldom satisfactory if pK values liebelow 2 or above 12, and in such circumstances can give quite misleadingresults. Again, pK values for the hydrolysis of metal ions have often beenobtained from measurements of the pH values of solutions of their purifiedsalts in water. As Sillén has pointed out (Quart. Rev., 13. 146(1959), inorganicsalts often adsorb tenaciously onto their surfaces traces of acidic or basicimpurities, which persist even on repeated recrystallization, so that themeasured pH values of their solutions may be much higher or lower thanexpected.
Even with experimentally accurate results, extrapolation to thermo-dynamic pK values at I = 0 is not always possible. The usual basis of suchextrapolation is the Debye-Hiickel equation,
— logf+ = Z2AI — bII + KaD
which is used to calculate the activity coefficient term. For precise work,values of a (the "mean distance of nearest approach" of the ions) and b arechosen to fit the data over a range of ionic strengths, so that the value of thepK, extrapolated to I 0, can be obtained. At low ionic strengths and wheremoderate accuracy (say +005 pH unit) is sufficient some simplifyingassumptions can often be made. Thus, Davies' equation (J. Chem. Soc. 1938,2093) is obtained by taking Ka = 1, b = 02; Guntelberg's equation (Z.physik. Chem. Leipzig, 123, 199 (1926)) sets Ka = 1, b 0; and the approxi-mation Ka = 0, b = 0 (i.e.—log f = Zs2 Al)) is also used. However, withmoderately strong acids and bases (pJC values less than 2 or greater than 12),the numerical values of the thermodynamic plC constants depend in parton the assumptions made in deriving them, including the ion-size parametera used in the extended Debye-Huckel equation (see, for example, R. G.Bates, V. E. Bower, R. G. Canham and J. E. Prue, Trans. Faraday Soc., 55,2062 (1959); A. K. Covington, J. V. Dobson and W. F. K. Wynne-Jones,Trans. Faraday Soc., 61, 2057 (1965), E. A. Guggenheim, Trans. Faraday Soc.62, 2750 (1966). Thus, the pK of bisulphite ion at 25° varies from 1927 toF967 as Ka is varied from FO to 17. In the same way, pKb for Ca(OH)2 variesfrom 114 to 127 at 25°, depending on the choice of parameters.
A distinction must also be made between true and apparent pK values.The first pK of carbon dioxide in water as measured is about 64 at 20°,whereas the true pK of carbonic acid (H2C03) is 38. The difference betweenthe apparent and the true pK values is due to the slight extent to whichcarbon dioxide is covalently hydrated in water. Similarly, periodic acidexists as H5106 and H104 (mainly as the latter), so that its measured secondpK (8.3) is very much higher than its first one (about 2).
In the absence of experimental values, especially for some of the oxyacids,attempts have been made to predict pK values, usually from similarities ofstructure. The more commonly used methods are those of J. E. Ricci(J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 109 (1948)), L. Pauling (General Chemistry, Freeman,San Francisco, 1947, p. 394), and A. Kossiakoff and D. Harker (J. Am.Chem. Soc., 60, 2047, (1938)). Even in apparently simple cases, there may beconsiderable uncertainty. For example different values would be predicted
134
INTRODUCTION
for germanic acid depending on whether it existed mainly as GeO(OH)2or Ge(OH)4.
Because of the many different kinds of uncertainties inherent in thepresent pK compilation, no attempt has been made to assess the accuracyof each entry. Nevertheless, where possible, I have attempted to select whatappear to be the best available values. The results for hydrogen suiphideillustrate this. Thus, several methods have indicated that the second pK ofhydrogen suiphide is about 14, which is too high for potentiometric titrationmethods to be applicable. Hence the pK2 values that have been obtainedby potentiometric titration are not set out in the Table. Instead, referencesto the papers where they are given are included under "other measurements".This heading also covers results where insufficient experimental details aregiven.
135
I. HOW TO USE THE TABLE
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTThe Table summarizes data recorded in the literature up to the end of
1967 for the dissociation constants of inorganic acids and bases in aqueoussolution. It also includes references to acidity functions for strong acids andbases, and details about the formation of polynuclear species where this isrelevant. The substances are listed alphabetically, with chemical formulae,so that the entries are self-indexing.
Column 1 gives the name of the substance and the negative logarithm ofthe dissociation constant (pICa). Wherever possible, these values are thermo-dynamic ones obtained by extrapolation to ionic strength I = 0, generallyby using some form of the Debye-Huckel equation such as that due to Davies.In all cases, pK values are listed in decreasing extent of protonation.
Column 2 gives the temperature of measurements in °C.Column 3 lists details such as:
I = = ionic strengthc = concentration in mole/i, orm = concentration in mole/1000 g. of water.
It also records any other details relating to the pK value quoted. Designa-tion of a constant as "practical" implies that it includes both the activityof the hydrogen ion (usually as measured by pH meter) and the concentra-tions of the other species.
Column 4 summarises the method of measurement, the procedure used inevaluating the constants, and any corrections that were taken into con-sideration; the symbols have the meanings set out under "Methods ofMeasurement", page 7. Because different investigators rarely use identicalprocedures, these symbols can only serve as guides: for fullest details theoriginal papers should be consulted.
Column 5 gives the literature references which are listed alphabeticallyat the end of the Table.
137
II. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT ANDCALCULATION
The abbreviations in Column 4 of the Table are, with only minor differences,the same as those used in "Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases inAqueous Solution".
CONDUCTOMETRIC METHODSCl Measurements in solutions of salt and acidC2 Measurements in solution of base only
ELECTROMETRIC METHODS[i] Cells without diffusion potentialsEla Method of Harned and Ehlers (J. Am. Chein. Soc. 54, 1350
(1932))(Cell of type Pt (H2)IB, BC1, NaC1IIB, BC1, NaClAgC1Ag,for which E — E0 + (RT/F) in {BH+] [C1]/[B] = — (RT/F)ln K', and extrapolate to I = 0)
Elb Method of Harned and Owen (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52, 5079(1930)) ,Pt(H2)IB, NaCljAgClAg, where molality of B isM, E = E0 (RT/F) in ([mn+] [mcijf±2). Extrapolate toI = 0 at constant M, then to M = 0)
Elcg Determination of [H+] from cells of the type, GlassJ solution,Cl-AgClAg
Elch Determination of [H+] from the cell, Pt(H2) solution,Cl-AgClAg
Eld Method of Bates (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70, 1579 (1948)). Deter-mination of K1 and K2 for dibasic acids
Ele Method of Bates and Pinching (J. Res. .J'Tatl. Bur. Std. 43, 519(1949)). A particular case of method Eicg in which thesolution is a buffer comprising a weak base and a weak acid
[ii] Approximately symmetrical cells with diffusion potentialsE2a Method of Owen (J. Am. Chein. Soc. 60, 2229 (1938))E2b Method of Larsson and Adell (. Physik. Chem. 156, 352, 381
(1931)) (Uses cell Pt(1E12)IB, NaClisat. KC1INaOH, NaC1J(H2)Pt and an approx. K to adjust to equal ionic strengths inthe half-cells. From E obtain {H+] and hence K': extra-polation to I = 0 gives K)
E2c Method of Everett and Landsman (Proc. Roy. Soc. London,A215, 403, (1952))(This is like E2b but uses a second weak base of known pKinstead of a strong base. The method gives the ratio of thetwo constants)
139
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION
[iii] Unsymmetrical cells with diffusion potentialsE3ag pH measurements in buffer solutions of weak electrolytes
using glass electrodesE3ah Similar measurements using hydrogen electrodesE3bg Measurements of pH changes during titrations using glass
electrodesE3bh Similar measurements using hydrogen electrodesE3b, quin Similar measurements using quinhydrone electrodesE3c Differential potentiometric methodsE3d pH measurements at equal concentrations of salt and base
OPTICAL METHODS01 Direct determination of the degree of dissociation by extinc-
tion coefficient measurements in solutions of weak bases andsalts
02 Colorimetric determination with an indicator of known pK03 Colorimetric determination with an indicator calibrated
with a buffer solution of known pH04 Method of von Halban and Brüll (Helv. Chim. Acta 27, 1719
(1944))(Solutions of the base being studied, plus indicator, arecompared with similar solutions containing alkali andindicator)
05 Light absorption measurements combined with electrometric• measurements06 Light absorption measurements using solutions of mineral
acids of known concentrations and (usually) Hammett'sacidity function, H0
07 Similar to 06 but using solutions of alkalis
OTHER METHODSANALYT Constants derived from chemical analysisCALORIM Calorimetric measurementsCAT Constants estimated from catalytic coefficientsCRYOSC Cryoscopic measurementsDISTRIB Distribution between solventsFP Constants derived from freezing-point dataION Ion-exchange studiesKIN Constants estimated from kinetic measurementsNMR Nuclear magnetic resonance measurementsPOLAROG Polarographic measurementsRAMAN Measurements of Raman spectraREDOX Oxidation-reduction potentialsSOLY Solubility measurementsVAP Vapour pressure measurements
140
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION
CALCULATIONS[i] Conductance measurementsRia Method of Davies (The Conductivity of Solutions, Chapman
Hall, London 1930)(By successive approximations, fA is calculated from theDebye-Huckel-Onsager equation in the form
Li = 1 — A(acco)//1o
which assumes that A0 can be obtained from Kohlrausch'slaw of independent ionic mobilities)
Rib Method of Maclnnes (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48, 2068 (1926))(The quantity Ae =fAAo is determined directly, where i1is the conductance of the weak electrolyte if it were com-pletely dissociated at the ionic strength studied: it is necessaryto know A for strong electrolytes as a function of I)
Ric Method of Fuoss and Krauss (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55,476 (1933))(The Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation is used in the form,
= c(Ao — A(cco) ) to derive an equation relating A0, cand K, which is solved by successive approximation until A0is constant at all values)
Rid Method of Shedlovsky (J. Franklin Inst. 225, 739 (1938))(This is like Ric but a different equation is used)
Rie Method of Fuoss (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 3301 (1957))
[ii] Differential potentiometric measurementsR2a Method of Kilpi (Z. Physik. Chem. 173, 223, 427 (1935); 175,
239 (1936) (at point of inflection).
141
III.
TA
BL
E
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK v
alue
T
( °C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
1. (
Aqu
o) A
lum
iniu
m io
n, A
l 5•
28
15
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
Al3
, c
= 0
0005
— 0
01 M
in
A1C
13,
extr
apol
ated
agai
nst 1
k E
3ag
S17
515
20
4•98
25
4•
96
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of A
13, I
vari
ed fr
om 0
0025
to
0019
, ex
tra-
po
late
d to
1 =
0 E
3ag
H41
502
25
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
A13
, c
l0 —
10—
2 M
in A
l(C
l04)
3,
extr
apol
ated
to I
= 0
E3a
g F3
3
496
25
pK fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
A13
+;
also
log
K =
755
for 2
AIO
H2
A12
(OH
)24+
, and
log
K =
689
for
2A
12(O
H)4
2 + 2H
20
E3,
quin
K
12
503
510
4.49
25
25
25
A14
(OH
)102
+ +
2H
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
A13
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
AL
3 pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Al3
, fr
om d
isso
ciat
ion
fiel
d ef
fect
rel
axa-
tio
n tim
es
E3a
g E
3AG
K
IN
K67
11
9 H
64a
288
1122
10
0 25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of A
l3
pKfo
r A1(
OH
)3 +
H20
A
l(O
H)4
+
H
Hyd
roly
sis
of A
13+
in
2 M
NaC
1O4
at 4
0° g
ives
, m
ainl
y, o
ne o
r m
ore
poly
nucl
ear c
ompl
exes
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
94,
D23
, F5,
120
, L
i, T
7, W
25.
KIN
C
i K
69
M9
B97
2. A
mid
opho
spho
ric a
cid,
NH
2PO
3H2
300
8'lS
33
82
8 25
25
I
0'2
(KC
1),
"pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
s I =
1 (N
Me4
Br)
, co
ncen
trat
ion
cons
tant
s, f±
assu
med
sam
e as
fo
r HB
r
E3b
g E
3bg
C13
11
2
38
10.2
5 T
itrat
ion
of 0
1 M
sol
utio
n; p
K o
f NH
3PO
3H2
give
n as
2'l
E3b
R
41
292
7.86
20
E
,Sb
K29
28
8'
2 E
,h
M26
46
7'
7 10
H
15
82
25
RiO
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: C
19
Nos
. 1—
2
Nos
. 3—
6
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
3. A
min
odis
uiph
onic
acid
, NH
(HSO
3)2
8-50
25
pK
3; I
= 1-
0 (N
aC1)
E
3ag
D37
a 4.
Am
inop
hosp
haze
nes,
see
Hex
amin
otri
phos
phaz
ene,
Oct
amin
otet
raph
osph
azen
e.
5. A
min
opho
spho
ric a
cid,
see
Am
idop
hosp
hori
c aci
d.
6. A
mm
onia
, NH
3 10
-081
0
Equ
al c
once
ntra
tions
of
NH
3 an
d K
H p
heno
l su
ipho
nate
, E
lch
B20
9-
903
5 c
vari
ed f
rom
0-0
11 to
0-1
04 M
, ac
tivity
coe
ffic
ient
s ca
lcul
ated
9-
730
10
from
Deb
ye-H
ücke
l equ
atio
n, p
K pl
otte
d ag
ains
t I
9564
15
9-
401
20
9-24
6 25
9-
093
30
8-94
7 35
8-
805
40
8671
45
8•
540
50
10-0
81
0 E
la
B19
9-
904
5 9-
731
10
9564
15
9-
400
20
9-24
5 25
9-
093
30
8-94
7 35
8-
805
40
8670
45
8-
539
50
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies
are
deri
ved
from
thes
e va
lues
. 9.
555
15
Ivar
ies f
rom
0-0
6 to
0-2
0. E
xtra
pola
ted
to z
ero
conc
entr
atio
n of
E
2b
E23
9-
240
25
NH
4 at
eac
h I,
the
n ex
trap
olat
ed a
gain
st I
8-94
6 35
8-
670
45
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies
are
deri
ved
from
thes
e va
lues
.
9867
5
c O
•02
to 0
08; 1
= 00
7 to
02,
ext
rapo
late
d to
I = 0,
c =
0 E
2b
E25
95
29
15
9•21
5 25
89
23
35
8645
45
l0
•19
0 C
I N
24
9'58
18
93
5 25
7'
45
100
645
156
560
218
574
306
468
49
pKb
valu
es
Cl
W29
4•
83
93
504
138
536
182
5.76
22
7 6•
21
271
6•62
29
3 75
8 10
0 ta
king
pKW
= 1
238;
inv
ersi
on o
f suc
rose
C
AT
K
69
Ref
. H
49a
give
s an
equ
atio
n fi
tting
lite
ratu
re v
alue
s of
pK
fr
om 0
° to
300
°.
429
25
pKb
valu
es 1
000
atm
osph
eres
pres
sure
C
l, R
ia
BIO
S 39
1 25
20
00
361
25
3000
43
2 45
10
00
3.95
45
20
00
365
45
3000
4'
71
45
pKj,
valu
es
1 at
mos
pher
e pre
ssur
e C
l, R
ia
H17
43
0 11
00
3.74
25
00
332
4000
29
5 54
00
2•68
68
00
2•42
82
00
221
9600
21
1 11
000
200
1200
0 32
72
Self
-ion
izat
ion
of li
quid
am
mon
ia, f
rom
cel
l pot
entia
l dat
a P3
0
Nos
. 7—
12
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
3249
—
33-2
Se
lf-i
oniz
atio
n of
liqui
d am
mon
ia, f
rom
ther
mod
ynam
ic da
ta
27-6
6 24
8 C
32
29-8
25
Se
lf-i
oniz
atio
n of
liqui
d am
mon
ia, f
rom
ther
mod
ynam
ic da
ta
J13
40
App
roxi
mat
e pK
of N
H2—
, theo
retic
al c
alcu
latio
n S2
9 A
val
ue o
f 4-2
0 at
25°
has
bee
n cl
aim
ed fr
om h
igh
fiel
d co
n-
B35
du
ctan
ce m
easu
rem
ents
to
be t
he t
rue
pKb
of N
H4+
+
+ 0
H
NH
4OH
A
sim
ilar v
alue
, 4-
28 a
t 200
, has
been
est
imat
ed fr
om pu
blis
hed
M43
da
ta
For
pK va
lues
in
met
hano
l-w
ater
mix
ture
s, se
e E
26, P
1 -
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B51
, F4
1,
H26
, H
37,
K3,
K26
, L
49,
M44
, N25
, 01
6, P
13, S
31, W
22.
7. (
Aqu
o) A
limon
y 11
1 io
n, S
b3
14
25
pK fo
r Sb
0H2
SbO
+ H
SO
LY
K
5 11
-8
25
pK fo
r Sb0
+ H
20
HSb
O2
+ 1-
1+
SOL
Y
0-87
25
pK
for S
b0 +
H20
H
SbO
2 +
H
SOL
Y
P29
11-0
25
pK
for H
SbO
2 +
2H
20
Sb(O
H)4
- +
H
SOL
Y
8. A
ntim
ony
pent
oxid
e, Sb
205
See
also
IDod
eca-
antin
ioni
c ac
id.
255
25
pK fo
r HSb
(OH
)6
Sb(O
H)t
r + H
; I =
0-5(
NM
e4C
1);
E3b
L
17
Sb c
once
ntra
tion
< 1
0 M
; at
hig
her
conc
entr
atio
ns p
oly-
nu
clea
r co
mpl
exes
are
als
o fo
rmed
.
Aqu
o m
etal
ion,
See
ent
ry u
nder
app
ropr
iate
met
al ir
on
9. A
rsen
ic ac
id, H
3AsO
4 20
89
7-05
4 0
I var
ied
from
000
7 to
009
6 (f
or K
1).
Ela
,qui
n A
lO
2-11
4 7-
032
5 an
d 0-0
10 to
021
(fo
r K
2);
2-13
8 7-
015
10
extr
apol
ated
to I
0 2-
163
6-99
9 15
2-
194
6-99
0 20
2-
223
6-98
0 25
2-
265
6-97
4 30
2-
296
6.97
3 35
2-
332
6-97
3 40
2383
69
73
45
2•42
0 69
80
50
pl(r
= 20
14 +
5 x
105
(t
400)
2 =
6971
+ 5
x 10
(1 —
39.4
)2,
tin °C
. T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
. 24
9 70
5 11
33
10
E,g
F1
9 2•
19
694
11•5
0 25
19
5 68
7 11
.64
35
2.15
6.
80
1192
50
7•
08
25
Tak
ing
pK2
of H
3P04
as 7
16
E3a
g H
78
2301
25
E
3ag
S3
For
valu
es o
f pK
i in
D20
JH20
mix
ture
s, se
e S3
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
58,
B86
, C
23, K
48, L
50, M
8, S
54,
W4,
W
5
10. A
rsen
ious
aci
d, H
3AsO
3 (H
AsO
2)
9295
9•
265
15
20
Mol
al s
cale
; c =
0008
, I =
01
(KC
1)
E3d
g A
29
9•18
25
90
9 30
89
7 35
88
85
40
881
45
9•29
4 25
In
KC
I so
lutio
ns,
extr
apol
ated
to I
= 0
E
A28
9•
22
25
Tak
ing
pK o
f bor
ic a
cid
as 9
19
E3a
g H
78
926
908
18
25
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
, titr
atio
n of
001
7 M
H2A
sO3
E3b
g E
3ag
B86
11
5 94
13
5 13
8 R
oom
32
pK
2 ob
tain
ed fr
om u
ltrav
iole
t spe
ctra
0 C
RY
OSC
G
33
S61
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B58
, C
li, G
5, K
36, K
48, T
15, W
5, W
25,
Z2
11. A
zido
-dith
ioca
rbon
ic a
cid,
HSC
SN3
167
25
Free
aci
d re
adily
deco
mpo
ses
Cl
S55
12. (
Aqu
o) B
ariu
m io
n, B
a2
062
060
5 15
pK o
f Ba0
H; I
= 01
; f+
calc
ulat
ed b
y D
avie
s' e
quat
ion,
for
extr
apol
atio
n to
I = 0;
fro
m e
.m.f
. dat
a of
H.S
. H
arne
d an
d
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
064
25
C.
G. G
eary
, J.A
rn. C
hem
. Soc.
59
2032
(193
7)
069
25
0.72
45
T
herm
odyn
amic
qua
ntiti
es a
re d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
. 06
4 25
pK
b of
BaO
H; I =
004
to
017;
usi
ng D
avie
s' e
quat
ion
and
D7
activ
ity m
easu
rem
ents
of
H.
S. H
arne
d and
C. M
. Mas
on,
J.
Am
. Che
m. S
oc. 54
, 144
1 (1
932)
08
5 25
c =
002
— 0.
05
(Ba(
OH
)s),
I
023
to 0
6 (B
a(O
H)s
+
KIN
B
30
BaC
I2),
ext
rapo
latio
n to I =
0, u
sing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n 06
2 25
I =
01 t
o 04
5 C
AT
,KIN
B31
07
2 C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; 02
— 1
N B
aC12
; sa
lt ef
fect
on
mdi
- 03
K
39
cato
r 00
0 25
1 =
3 (N
aC1O
4)
E2a
h C
7 O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
32,
K64
13.
(Aqu
o) B
eryl
lium
ion,
Be2
B
eryl
lium
ions
rea
dily
hyd
roly
ze i
n so
lutio
n an
d fo
rm c
on-
dens
ed sp
ecie
s co
ntai
ning
mor
e th
an o
ne b
eryl
lium
ato
m. S
ee,
for e
xam
ple,
C8
and
Ki.
5.7
....7
20
Su
cces
sive
pK
val
ues f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of B
e2; I
01
(N
aClO
4);
E3a
g S3
0 ra
pid-
reac
tion
mea
sure
men
ts;
BeO
H+
qui
ckly
for
ms
trim
er
Bea
(OH
)33+
65
25
pK
for B
e2
BeO
H +
H;
I = 1
(NaC
IO4)
; Be2
0H3
also
E
3bg
M21
fo
rmed
>
6•1
25
pK f
or B
e2
Be0
H +
H;
I = 3
(NaC
lO4)
; rec
alcu
latio
n H
56
of d
ata
from
refs
. C8
and
KI
usin
g a
com
pute
r; a
lso
— lo
g K
= 10
87
for
Be2
+ 2
H20
B
e(O
H)2
+ 2H
+;
cons
tant
s gi
ven
for B
ea(O
H)a
S+ a
nd B
e2O
H3+
10
82
pKb
for
Be(
OH
)2
Be0
H +
OH
—;
c 00
1;
betw
een
E3b
A
9 pH
62 —
54; a
t low
er pH
valu
es d
i- a
nd tn
-nuc
lear
com
plex
es
are
form
ed; c
onst
ants
are g
iven
10
46
pK f
or B
e(O
H)s
+ H
20
Be(
OH
)a +
H;
trac
er c
once
n-
DIS
TR
IB
G39
tr
atio
ns;
also
—
log
K =
136
5 fo
r B
e2 +
2H
20
Be(
OH
)2
+ 2
H
Nos
. 13
—15
— l
og
K =
8-8
1 fo
r 3B
e2
Bea
(OH
)a3
H- 3H
; —
log
B
37
K =
324
for
2Be2
B
e2O
H3
+ H
; — lo
g K
= 11
0 fo
r B
e2
Be(
OH
)s +
2H
; al
l fo
r I =
0-5(
NaC
1O4)
, c
0-00
1 to
008
M in
Be2
—
log
K
= 1
09
for
Be2
B
e(O
H)2
± 2
H,
at 2
5° a
nd
K!
I = 3(
NaC
1O4)
; co
nsta
nts a
lso
give
n fo
r di
- an
d tn
-nuc
lear
sp
ecie
s.
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: L40
, W26
.
14. (
Aqu
o) B
ism
uth(
IIJ)
ion,
Bi3
+
158
25
pK fo
r B
i3
BiO
H2
+ H
; I =
3(N
aC1O
4);
[Bi3
] de
ter-
E
3bg
06
min
ed b
y B
i-H
g el
ectr
ode;
mai
n eq
uilib
rium
is 6
Bi3
+ H
20
Bi6
(OH
)126
+ +
12H
, with
logK
= 0-
33
Hyd
roly
sis o
f Bi3
giv
es B
i606
6 +
12H
, with
—lo
g K
0-
53
T9
at 2
5°
and
I ==
1(N
aCJO
4),
and
at
high
er
pH
valu
es
Bi6
O6(
0H)s
3, w
ith lo
gK =
— 8
1 H
ydro
lysi
s of
Bi6
066
(= B
i6(O
H)i+
) gi
ves
Bi9
(OH
)2o7
, 07
B
io(O
H)2
16+
and
Bi9
(0H
)225
; co
nsta
nts a
re li
sted
15. B
oric
acid
, H3B
03
9-50
78
0 M
olal
sca
le;
equi
mol
al c
once
ntra
tions
(0-
003
to 0
03 M
) of
E
lch
Mu
9437
4 5
MaC
I, b
orax
an
d bo
ric
acid
; ex
trap
olat
ed
to I
= 0
usin
g 9-
3785
10
ex
tend
ed D
ebye
-Huc
kel
equa
tion
9-32
55
15
9-27
80
20
9-23
40
25
9194
7 30
9-
1605
35
91
282
40
9-10
13
45
9•07
66
50
9-05
37
55
9-03
10
60
pK =
2237
-94/
T +
0016
883T
— 3
305
(Tin
°K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies a
re d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
. 9-
440
5 M
olal
sca
le. I
vari
ed fr
om 0
02 to
3 b
y ad
ding
NaC
1; e
xtra
po-.
E
lch
018
9-38
0 10
la
ted
to z
ero
bori
c aci
d co
ncen
trat
ion
at c
onst
ant I
, the
n to I =
0 93
27
15
9-28
0 20
9198
91
64
9132
90
80
9-38
0 9•
327
9-28
0 9-
236
9•19
7 9•
132
9•08
0
—
9-21
n
898
9-00
25
30
35
40
50
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
E3a
h F3
1 E
3bh
14
E3b
h 19
16. (
Aqu
o) C
adm
ium
ion,
Cd2
10
-2
25
pK f
or
hydr
olys
is
of C
d2;
c =
0-i
to 1
-45
(Cd(
C10
4)s)
; al
so fo
rmed
I = 3(
NaC
1O4 +
Cd(
C10
4)2)
; C
dzO
I13
and
Cd4
(OH
)44-
are
E3b
g, q
uin
B44
90
25
pK f
or
hydr
olys
is
of C
d2;
c =
0-01
to
09 (C
d(C
104)
2)
I = 3(
NaC
1O4 +
Cd(
C10
4)2)
; E
3bg
M12
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
9-23
7
Nos
. 16
—18
9-00
Ela
01
5 T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
deri
ved
from
the
resu
lts
I var
ied
from
0-0
1 to
0-1
2; c
onst
ants
cor
rect
ed u
sing
Deb
ye-
Huc
kel e
quat
ion
and
extr
apol
ated
to I
= 0
pK =
9-02
3 +
8 x
10 (7
6-7
— t
)2 (
tin °
C)
20
I = 00
4. T
he s
econ
d pK
of b
oric
aci
d is
gre
ater
than
14
25
1 =
01 (N
aC1O
4)
25
f= 3(N
aClO
4)
At b
oric
aci
d co
ncen
trat
ions
abov
e 0-
4 M
, hig
her
than
trim
eric
co
mpl
exes
are
als
o for
med
25
I =
3(N
aClQ
4);
bori
c ac
id co
ncen
trat
ions
vari
ed f
rom
0-0
1 to
0-
60 M
. Oth
er e
quili
bria
wer
e:
3H3B
03
H4B
307-
+ 11
+ +
2H20
, log
K =
— 6
84,
3H3B
03
H5B
3092
+
2H
+ H
20, l
og K
= —
154
4 P
olym
eric
spec
ies
are
impo
rtan
t at
conc
entr
atio
ns ab
ove
abou
t 00
1 O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
71, B
88, E
6, F
9, H
l0, H
25, 1
5, 1
6, K
42,
K48
, L15
, L41
, M24
, 017
, P39
.
9.49
9•
3 10
0 25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
d; c
002
(CdC
I2)
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
d K
IN
K69
SO
LY
G
14
07
25
pKb
for H
CdO
2 +
H20
C
d(O
H)2
+ 0
H
430
25
I = 3(
NaC
JO4)
, pK
b for
CdO
H
Cd2
+ O
H
DIS
TR
IB D
46
344
2-58
pK
b fo
r Cd(
OH
)2
CdO
H+
+ 0
H
pKb f
or C
d(O
H)3
- C
d(O
H)2
+ 0
H
F72
pKb f
or C
d(O
H)4
2-
Cd(
OH
)3 +
0H
on
assu
mpt
ion t
hat l
og K
=
log
K1
'(3 K
3 K
4 ±
((5
— 2
n)/2
) lo
g (K
/K1)
lo
g K
for C
d2 +
40H
C
d(O
H)4
2- is
abo
ut 9
7 at
25°
O
ther
mea
zure
men
ts: C
12,
G38
, L39
PO
LA
RO
G
L3
17. C
aesi
um h
ydio
xide
, CsO
H
For
alka
linity
fun
ctio
n fo
r C
sOH
sol
utio
ns, s
ee L
12a,
M40
.
18. (
Aqu
o) C
alci
um io
n, C
a2
102—
114
0 pK
b fo
r CaO
H+
; m =
000
2 —
002
Ca(
OH
)2 in
000
3 —
001
E
lb
1317
1•12
—1•
24
10
M C
aCI2
or 0
006
— 0
02 M
KC
1; va
lues
of p
Kb d
epen
d on
choi
ce
1-14
—1-
27
1-36
—1.
45
25
40
of yc
i/You
use
d to
eva
luat
e mol
ality
of h
ydro
xyl i
on.
1-34
15
pK
b fo
r CaO
H; 1
= 0
02 to
0•1
(C
a(O
H)z
+ C
aCI2
);f±
cal—
E
lch
G26
1•37
25
cu
late
d as
sum
ing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n 14
0 35
13
7 Q
pK
for C
aOH
; I =
0007
to 0
08
SOL
Y
1329
1-40
25
I =
002
to 0
08
148
40
I=0-
04to
010
extr
apol
ated
to 1
0
assu
min
g Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n;
Ca(
103)
2 in
KO
H so
lutio
ns.
130
25
pKb
for C
aOH
; Ca(
IOs)
2 in
Ca(
OH
)2 so
lutio
ns; e
xtra
pola
ted
SOL
Y
D9
125—
1-34
124—
136
0 0
usin
g D
avie
s' e
quat
ion.
pK
3 fo
r CaO
H+
; I =
018
to 0
30; v
alue
sen
sitiv
e to
cho
ice
of
activ
ity c
oeff
icie
nt
I = 00
25 to
008
KIN
13
32
151
25
I = 00
3 to
0-1
5; e
xtra
pola
ted u
sing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n; re
- ca
lcul
atio
n of d
ata
of G
. K
ilde,
Z. A
norg
. A
ligem
. C
hem
., 21
8 11
3 (1
934)
SOL
Y
D6
1-31
25
R
ecal
cula
tion
of d
ata
of F
. M. L
ea a
nd G
. E
. Bes
sey,
J. C
hem
.
Soc.
193
7 16
12
C2
B30
C,'
No.
19
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
146
25
1 =
013
to
02
4 (C
a(O
FI)z
+ Ca
C12
);
c 00
2 —
OO
3 K
IN
B30
12
9 25
C
a(O
H)2
; ext
rapo
late
d us
ing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n 1 =
002
to 0
05; f
calc
ulat
ed f
rom
Gug
genh
eim
's eq
uatio
n C
AT
, KIN
B31
1 03
(P
hil.
Mag
., 19
, 588
(19
35))
C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; 02
— 1
N C
aC12
; fr
om s
alt
effe
ct o
n in
dica
tor
03
K39
06
4 25
1
3(N
aClO
4)
For t
he a
cidi
ty f
unct
ion
of C
a(O
H)2
sol
utio
ns fr
om 0
—95
° an
d 1=
001
to 0
20, s
ee B
18
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: G42
E2a
h C
7
19. C
arbo
nic
acid
, H2C
03
6577
65
17
0 5 A
ppar
ent
pK
valu
es;
doub
le
extr
apol
atio
n pr
oced
ure
to
elim
inat
e ef
fect
of a
dded
NaC
i an
d to
obt
ain
valu
es a
t zer
o E
lch
H29
64
65
10
bica
rbon
ate c
once
ntra
tion
6•42
0 15
63
82
20
6351
25
63
27
30
3.3Ø
9 35
62
96
40
6289
45
62
87
50
6579
0
pK1
3404
71/T
— 1
4843
5 +
003
2786
T(T
in °K
) T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
. A
ppar
ent p
K v
alue
s; I
0004
— 0
2, e
xtra
pola
ted
to 1
0
Elc
h H
31
6517
5
6464
10
64
19
15
6381
20
63
52
25
6327
30
63
09
35
6298
40
6•
290
45
6•28
5 50
65
14
5 A
ppar
ent
pK v
alue
s; I =
0003
— 3
; ex
trap
olat
ed t
o I
0 E
3bh
N7
6421
15
by
fitti
ng to
an
exte
nded
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n 6.
349
25
631O
35
6•
294
45
pKi =
6572
— 0
0121
73t +
0000
1332
9i2 (
tin °C
) 65
83
0 A
ppar
ent
pK v
alue
s; 0
001
N in
KH
CO
3, K
C1,
H
C1,
an
d C
l,Rld
S4
0
6429
15
sa
tura
ted C
O2
solu
tions
63
66
25
6•31
7 38
63
5 25
A
ppar
ent p
K va
lue
E2b
, qu
in
A45
6•35
25
A
ppar
ent p
K v
alue
E
lc, q
uin
A44
63
8 25
A
ppar
ent p
K va
lues
, mol
al sc
ale,
I
atm
osph
ere,
C
l R
IO
590
I var
ied
from
0000
1 to
01,
10
35 a
tmos
pher
e 54
8 20
50 a
tmos
pher
e 51
5 29
30 a
tmos
pher
e 63
2 35
1
atm
osph
ere
585
1030
atm
osph
ere
5•45
20
35 at
mop
sher
e 51
2 29
30 a
tmos
pher
e 63
2 45
1
atm
osph
ere
589
1015
atm
opsh
erc
5•50
20
10 at
mos
pher
e 5•
16
3000
atm
osph
ere
630
55
1 at
mos
pher
e 58
6 10
20 at
mos
pher
e 54
9 20
10 at
mos
pher
e 5•
17
2950
atm
osph
ere
631
65
1 at
mos
pher
e 58
8 10
50 at
mos
pher
e 55
1 20
60 at
mos
pher
e 52
6 28
00 at
mos
pher
e 10
625
0 I v
arie
d fr
om 0
02 to
016
; ext
rapo
late
d to
I = 0
usin
g ext
ende
d E
3ah
1139
1055
7 5
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n 10
•490
10
lO
430
15
10•3
77
20
1032
9 25
Nos
. 21
—23
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
1029
0 30
10
250
35
10•2
20
40
1019
5 45
10
•172
50
pK
s = 29
02•3
9/T
— 6
4980
+ 0
0237
9T (T
in °K
) T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
. 10
179
60
I var
ied
from
000
5 to
01;
extr
apol
ated
aga
inst
I E
,g
C45
10
•153
70
10
142
80
1014
0 90
pK
2 =
290
910/
T —
611
9 +
002
272T
(Tin
°K)
1064
1 0
Dou
ble
extr
apol
atio
n, f
irst
to
valu
es i
n pu
re a
queo
us N
aC1
E3a
h W
9 10
•397
18
so
lutio
ns,
then
aga
inst
I to I =
0 10
32
25
1=0
N6
635
1033
25
1 =
1(N
aCl)
VA
P E
9 6•
29
1017
50
6•
24
1014
10
0 63
3 10
25
150
655
1042
20
0 64
2 10
13
100
Cl
R49
6•
77
1037
15
0 72
7 10
80
200
789
1130
25
0 8•
70
120
300
646
1014
10
0 C
l R
48
681
1041
15
6 71
4 20
0 10
96
218
634
1025
25
1
vari
ed f
rom
001
to
02; e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst I
E3a
g M
5 63
1 10
20
38
Ivar
ied
from
001
to
02; e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst I
E3a
g M
G
381
5 T
rue
pK fo
r H2C
03
H +
HC
03; h
igh
fiel
d co
nduc
tivity
C
W
23
3.75
15
m
easu
rem
ents
37
6 25
3.
78
35
380
38
380
45
3•68
05
T
rue p
K fo
r HaC
O, c
alcu
late
d fr
om a
ppar
ent
pK, u
sing
rate
s of
hydr
atio
n an
d de
hydr
atio
n D
31
388
375
25
235
Tru
e pK
for H
2CO
3; fr
om hi
gh fi
eld c
ondu
ctiv
ity m
easu
rem
ents
, ta
king
pK
0ba
6352
T
rue p
K fo
r H2C
Oa;
from
rapi
d-re
actio
n m
easu
rem
ents
C2
KIN
B34
S13
382
302
389
356
380
4 T
rue p
K fo
r H2C
OS;
150
atm
osph
eres
; pre
ssur
e ju
mp
met
hod.
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
79,
BlO
l, B
ill, C
40,
C41
, F6,
F34
, H
42, K
6, K
7, K
S, K
9, K
l0, K
28, K
43, M
22, M
28, M
45, N
i2,
R37
, SI,
S69
.
Cl
L38
20. C
aro'
s ac
id,
see
Pero
xym
onos
uiph
uric
acid
21. (
Aqu
o) C
eriu
m(I
II) i
on, C
e3
9 25
pK
for
hyd
roly
sis
of C
e3;
from
hyd
roly
sis o
f "p
ure"
sal
ts;
c 00
01 —
05
ss C
es(S
04)s
C
e3(O
H)5
4 w
as f
orm
ed a
t 25°
by
hydr
olys
is of
005
M C
e2
in 3
M L
iCIO
4 O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: R
8, S
72
E3a
g M
38
B49
22. (
Aqu
o) C
eriu
m(I
V) i
on, C
e4
0'O
G
—0'
32
—0•
72
5 15
25
I 11
— 4
(HC
IO4,
N
aCIO
4);
c =
I —
14
x I0
M; di
- m
eriz
atio
n w
as i
mpo
rtan
t 06
R
20a
—1•
l8
35
070
—09
11
—
l15
082
25
l6
25
1= 0
9 to
l7(
HC
lO4)
I
x 10
M C
e(IV
); po
lym
eris
atio
ri w
as n
eglig
ible
. pK
valu
es fo
r hyd
roly
sis
to C
eOH
3 an
d Ce(
OH
)s2;
I =
2(H
C1O
4, N
aClO
4); c
= 3
5 x l0
M Ce(
IV);
fro
m
pH-d
epen
denc
e of r
edox
pot
entia
l
06
RE
DO
X
Ola
138
—02
2 25
pK
for
Ce0
H3
Ce(
0H)2
2 +
H; H
C10
4 co
ncen
trat
ion
from
02
— 0
.4
from
pH
-dep
ende
nce
of re
dox p
oten
tial
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: D2a
RE
DO
X
S42
23. C
hlor
aniin
e, se
e M
onoc
hior
amin
e
cn
Nos
. 24
—28
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
24. C
hior
ic ac
id, H
C1O
3 —
2-7
T
heor
etic
al pr
edic
tion,
bas
ed o
n st
ruct
ure
K52
25. C
hior
osui
phur
ic ac
id, H
C1S
O3
For p
K in
sul
phur
ic a
cid,
see
Bi 1
26. C
hior
ous
acid
, H
CIO
2 1-
94
25
Spec
tral
dif
fere
nces
extr
apol
ated
to
zero
tim
e; c
= 00
01
to
0-00
3 M N
aC1O
2, a
cidi
fied
with
HC
1O4;
ac
tivity
coe
ffic
ient
s fr
om D
ebye
-Huc
kel
equa
tion
1-97
19
—20
c =
0001
— 0
1 M
NaC
1O2;
ext
rapo
latio
n aga
inst
I 1-
96
20
06
E3b
g
L18
D5
H66
1-
99
23
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
; con
cent
ratio
n of
HC
IO2
025
M
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: L20
, Ti
E3b
g, R
2a L
36
27. C
hrom
ic a
cid,
H2C
rO4
6-44
4 5
E3b
g L
35a
6-47
8 15
6-
488
25
6-52
4 35
6-
569
45
6-64
2 60
64
72
15
05
L35
a 6-
500
25
6-53
3 35
65
93
45
6-40
18
T
itrat
ion o
f 002
5 M
H2C
rO4
E3b
g B
81
647
18
Titr
atio
n of
0-04
M K
2CrO
4 E
3bg
B88
65
2 25
I =
0001
8 to
0-0
028;
f + ca
lcul
ated
from
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n E
3bg
H72
65
2 25
1 =
0002
to 0
-004
05
65
0 25
I
001
to 0
16; e
xtra
pola
ted
to I =
0;
E3a
g N
16
K =
0023
for
CrO
72 +
H20
2H
CrO
4 07
4 25
I a
bout
016;
HC
l/KC
1 so
lutio
ns
E3c
h 66
0 20
2
I = 0
1; c
orre
cted
to I =
0 by
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n, tr
acer
con-
D
IST
RIB
H
13
cent
ratio
ns
—08
3 15
C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
s cor
rect
ed f
or fo
rmat
ion
of C
rO3C
I;
06
Ti l
b —
061
25
I = 1(
LiC
IO4,
LiC
I, H
C1O
4, H
G!)
—
042
35
649
25
c= 2
5 x
lO5M
05
B
5
—09
8 25
In
HC
JO4
solu
tions
05
1 25
In
H2S
04 s
olut
ions
, us
ing
H_
scal
e 06
L
14
0•76
25
In
HC
1 so
lutio
ns,
usin
g H
_ sc
ale
06
—1•
91
25
In H
NO
3 sol
utio
ns, u
sing
H0
scal
e 06
1'
74
25
In H
3P04
solu
tions
, us
ing
H0
scal
e 06
—
101
25
In H
CIO
4 so
lutio
ns, u
sing
H_
scal
e 06
pi
tT1
vari
es w
ith t
he p
roto
n so
urce
bec
ause
of t
he fo
rmat
ion
of
spec
ies
such
as
HC
rO3C
1 and
HC
rO3(
OSO
3H)
—08
l 25
I =
10;
in M
C!
solu
tions
, cor
rect
ing
for t
he f
orm
atio
n of
06
H
12
CrO
3C!
The
equ
ilibr
ium
con
stan
t fo
r C
r207
2 +
H20
2H
CrO
r D
13
is 0
0265
at 2
00 a
nd 0
O30
3 at
25°
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B24
, B
100,
H78
, Jia
, JO
, M
iS,
S7,
S41,
S4
3a, S
66, T
ila, T
12
Ca
. .
3 ..j
28
. (A
quo)
Chr
onnu
m(I
II)
ion,
Cr +
366
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
r3; I
00
014
— 0
04; e
xtra
pola
ted t
o E
3ag
H4l
6_
o 3•
95
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
r3; c
orre
cted
for C
r3 —
SO
4 ion
-pai
r C
l T
l9
form
atio
n; I =
0 33
4 46
2 pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Cr3
; I =
0068
(L
iC!O
4);
from
var
iatio
n 05
P3
6
301
636
of a
ppar
ent s
tabi
lity
cons
tant
of C
rNC
S2 w
ith p
H
283
737
of C
rNC
S2 w
ith p
H
265
84•8
24
9 94
•6
405
15
1 =
0068
(LiC
IO4)
; ext
rapo
latio
n from
resu
lts a
t 46—
95°
P36
382
25
466
0 pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Cr3
C
l B
53
401
25
3.47
50
29
9 75
2•
58
100
4•26
20
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Cr3
; I =
05 (N
aNO
3)
E3b
g Ji
S 3•
90
15
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
r3; I
0
KIN
B
94
Cul
cc
Nos
. 29
—36
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
41
—'5
6 20
Su
cces
sive
pK
val
ues f
or hy
drol
ysis
of C
r3; I
= 01
(N
aC1O
4);
rapi
d-fl
ow m
easu
rem
ents
E
3ag
S30
410
555
25
Succ
essi
ve "p
ract
ical
" pK
valu
es fo
r hyd
roly
sis o
f Cr3
; I =
004
to 0
4 E
3ag
E18
39
6 25
05
.
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B54
, C
15,
D23
, L4
29. (
Aqu
o) C
obal
t(II
) ion
, Co2
9•
96
985
15
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
o2 at
I =
025
and
075
(NaC
1O4)
E
3bg
B64
962
35
9•50
45
89
87
30
10
0 pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Co2
; I =
0l(K
C1)
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Co2
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: A
7, D
23, G
12, P
31
E3b
g K
IN
C12
K
68
30. (
Aqu
o) C
obal
t(II
I) io
n, C
o3'
210
125
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of C
o3; I =
1(N
aCIO
4)
06
S79
198
18•5
17
8 23
6 1•
71
282
The
abov
e va
lues
are
unc
erta
in b
ecau
se h
igh
coba
ltic
conc
en-
trat
ions
and
low
acid
ities
favo
ur fo
rmat
ion o
f pol
ynuc
lear
spec
ies
S80
31. (
Aqu
o)
Cop
per(
II)
ion,
Cu2
T
he p
K fo
r Cu2
is n
ot k
now
n; h
ydro
lysi
s of
Cu2
giv
es al
mos
t en
tirel
y po
lynu
clea
r com
plex
es of
the
type
, C
ufl(
OH
)2fl
_22+
; P1
9
80
797
25
18
form
atio
n con
stan
ts fo
r C
uz(0
H)s
2 fr
om 1
5—42
° ar
e gi
ven.
pK
for
Cu2
C
uOH
+ H
; I =
3(N
aClO
4):
the
maj
or
spec
ies
form
ed i
s C
us(O
H)2
2+,
with
— lo
g K
= 1
06
pK f
or C
u24
Cu0
H +
H+
; th
e m
ajor
spe
cies
fo
rmed
is
Cu2
(011
)22+
, with
— l
og K
10
•89
Hyd
roly
sis
of C
u2 g
ives
Cu2
(OH
)s2,
w
ith —
log
K a
t 25°
ra
ngin
g fr
om 1
05 t
o 10
9
E3b
g
E3b
g
B33
P15
114
25
Pred
ictio
n of
pK
fo
r C
u(O
FT)2
H
CuO
2 +
H
l3l
25
pK fo
r HC
uO2
H +
Cu0
22
<12
8 pK
for C
u(O
H)2
sH
CuO
s +
H-1-
SO
LY
SO
LY
M3
Jil
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A
5, C
12, C
36,
D8,
F35
, K5,
K39
, Q3
32. C
yani
c aci
d, H
CN
O
376
0 C
orre
cted
to
I = 0
by e
xten
ded
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l eq
uatio
n;
E3a
g C
S 36
4 10
ex
trap
olat
ed to
zer
o tim
e to
allo
w fo
r dec
ompo
sitio
n 35
7 18
34
6 25
3.
37
35
348
45
354
18
I va
ried
fro
m 0
06 to
0.2
; io
nic
stre
ngth
cor
rect
ion
doub
tful
; E
3ag
J4
extr
apol
ated
to
zer
o tim
e 3.
47
25
1=0
E3a
g M
60
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A19
, B67
a, T
4 33
. Dec
abyd
rode
cabo
ric a
cid,
H2B
10H
1, F
or a
cidi
ty fu
nctio
n, s
ee M
50
34. D
ecav
anad
ic ac
id, H
6V19
028
-
365
20
pK5;
I =
02;
also
log
K
= —
750
for
10
VO
2 +
8H
20
E3a
g S5
14
H; a
nd lo
g K
= -
235
for
25 V
4O12
+
3H
20
HV
1902
55—
+
50H
3'
O
58
25
pKs,
pl
(6;
I = l(
NaC
IO4)
; to
tal
vana
dium
con
cent
ratio
ns
E3a
g R
32
2 >
< 10
— 2
>
< 10
t; a
lso
log
K
— 6
75 f
or l0
VO
+
8H20
H
2V10
0284
- + 14
H-1
- 35
25
I
3(N
aCIO
4)
370
1 1
(NaC
IO4)
; 00
25 —
01
M in
vat
iada
te
05
E
C17
61
2 I
l(N
aCIO
4); r
apid
titr
atio
n 44
5 75
2 20
I =
01(N
Me4
CI)
; ra
pid-
reac
tion
stud
ies;
com
plex
form
atio
n oc
curs
with
alk
ali c
atio
ns
E 05
S3
2
219
33
Satu
rate
d N
a2SO
4 so
lutio
n; u
p to
01
M N
a3V
O4
solu
tions
; C
RY
OSC
N13
al
so lo
g K
24
for H
2V10
0284
+
1411
1-
l0V
O2
+ 8
H20
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: C
16
35. D
eute
rium
chl
orid
e, D
C1
For
Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion
in D
20, s
ee H
63
36. D
eute
rium
oxi
de, D
20
10
Mol
al sc
ale;
ext
rapo
late
d to
I =
0 C
34a
Elc
h C
32a,
15
526
20
l5l3
6 25
14
955
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
1478
4 30
14
468
40
1418
2 50
15
439
10
Mol
ar sc
ale
15•0
49
20
1486
9 25
14
699
30
1438
5 40
14
103
50
1722
4 10
M
ole
frac
tion
scal
e 16
834
20
1665
3 25
16
482
30
1616
6 40
15
880
50
pKm
= 49
1314
/ T
7511
7 +
0020
0854
T (
T in
°K
) T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fro
m th
e re
sults
. 15
08
15
Mol
ar s
cale
; I =
004
to
010,
ext
rapo
late
d to
I
0 E
2bh
W35
14
71
25
1437
35
14
•807
20
M
olal
scal
e, ta
king
pK
14
073
for H
20
E3a
h S3
1 14
812
25
Mol
al sc
ale
AN
AL
YT
K24
l4
81
25
Usi
ng 0•
01 a
x B
a(O
H)2
in H
20/D
20 m
ixtu
res;
mol
al s
cale
. E
3ag
S3
1486
25
M
olar
sca
le, I
= 0
E3b
h G
31
14•8
56
25
Mol
ar s
cale
, I =
0 E
3bh
G31
a 14
•80
25
I=0
Elc
d A
2 Fo
r pK
val
ues of
H20
JD20
mix
ture
s, se
e G
31, G
3 1 a
37. D
eute
rio-
amm
onia
, ND
3 9.
757
4.9
20
I = 0;
in 0
20; t
akin
g pK
of N
H3
in H
20 a
s 92
65
pK; r
ough
est
imat
e E
3ah
S31
L24
38. D
eute
rio-
arse
nic
acid
, D3A
sO4
2596
25
pK
i in
020;
I = 0;
from
mea
sure
men
ts in
D20
/H20
mix
ture
s E
3ag
S3
Nos
. 37
—44
39. D
eute
rioc
arbo
nic
acid
, D
2C03
67
7 10
96
25
25
App
aren
t pK
in D
20; t
akin
g pK
i for
CO
2 in
H20
= 63
5 In
D20
; met
er st
anda
rdiz
ed in
112
0; p
K2
for
H2C
03 in
H20
E
3a,q
uin
E3a
g C
40
G29
ta
ken
as 1
033
1093
25
In
DsO
; ta
king
p1(
2 for
H2C
03 in
H20
as
1033
E
3ag
C41
40. D
eute
riod
isul
phur
ic ac
id, D
2S20
7 Fo
r pK
5 in
con
cent
rate
d H
2S04
, see
F21
41. D
eute
riohy
draz
ine,
N2D
4 90
8 86
9 17
30
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nt; i
n D
20; I =
(KG
!)
E3d
g F1
2
911
18
"Pra
ctic
al" c
onst
ant,
in D
20; I
= 1(
KC
1)
E3d
g B
102
42. D
eute
rioh
ydra
zoic
acid
, DN
3 50
1 20
In
D20
; I =
0 E
3bg
B10
8
43. D
eute
rio-
iodi
c aci
d, D
103
115
25
In D
20;
taki
ng p
1( o
f 111
03 in
112
0 =
085
C1,
Rld
M
2
44. D
eute
riop
hosp
hori
c aci
d, D
3P04
23
50
25
In D
20; I
= 0;
extr
apol
ated
from
mea
sure
men
ts in
D20
/H20
m
ixtu
res
E3a
g S3
2362
25
In
D20
; tak
ing
pKi f
or H
3P04
in H
zO a
s 212
8 C
M
2 23
1 25
In
DsO
; met
er s
tand
ardi
sed
in 1
120;
taki
ng p
Ki f
or H
3P04
in
H20
as
211
E3a
g G
29
7884
6 78
499
7823
3
5 10
15
In D
20;
usin
g K
D2P
O4/
Na2
DPO
4 m
ixtu
res
from
000
5 to
00
25 M
, and
NaC
1 00
05 M
); e
xtra
pola
ted
to I =
0
Ela
G
8
7•79
86
20
7•77
96
25
7766
7 30
7.
7547
35
7•
7484
40
7.
7433
45
77
435
50
p1(2
= 2
2021
1/T
— 5
9823
+ 00
2138
8T (T
in °
K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies
are
deri
ved
from
the r
esul
ts.
Nos
. 45
-56
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
7-75
0 25
In
DsO
; ext
rapo
late
d fr
om m
easu
rem
ents
in D
20fH
20 m
ix—
ture
s; ta
king
pK
2 fo
r H3P
04 in
H20
as 7
.290
; 1
0 2-
188
7-66
6 20
In
D20
; I =
0; t
akin
g pK
i an
d pK
2 fo
r H
3P04
in
wat
er as
E,q
uin
E3a
h
R38
S31
1-98
3, 7
-207
45. D
eute
rios
uiph
uric
acid
, D2S
04
2-33
25
In
DsO
; pK
2; I =
0, f
rom
plo
t of
sol
ubili
ty o
f A
g2SO
4 in
SO
LY
L
30
2.69
50
di
lute
D2S
04 i
n D
20 a
s fun
ctio
n of
Ifro
m 0
1 to
1-0
M
2-98
75
D
2S04
32
9 10
0 35
9 12
5 3•
91
150
421
175
452
200
4-84
22
5 pK
2 =
0-01
2317
5T—
- 22-
8656
5/ T—
1-2
5398
6 (T
in K
) T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
. O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts of
pl(s
, see
B7,
D39
Fo
r H
amm
ett a
cidi
ty fu
nctio
n in
D20
, see
H63
Fo
r se
lf-d
isso
ciat
ion
cons
tant
of D
2S04
see
F2 1
46. D
iiam
idop
hosp
hori
c aci
d, (N
H2)
2P02
H
492
18
1=0
Cl
K29
483
25
47. D
iflu
orop
hosp
hori
c aci
d, HP
O2F
2 Fo
r ba
sic p
K in
sul
phur
ic a
cid,
see
Bli
48. D
iimid
otri
pbos
phor
ic a
cid,
H20
3P.N
H.P
O2H
NH
.P03
H2
—'1
—
'2
3-03
66
1 9.
84
25
Con
cent
ratio
n con
stan
ts, 1
0-
1 (N
Me4
Br)
'-0
e—
.2
3-83
70
2 99
2 I =
0-2(
NM
e4B
r)
E3b
g 11
2
,...O
—
2 3-
94
7-74
9-
95
1 0-
3 (N
Me4
Br)
'-.
11
,s2
3-36
6-
86
10-0
0 1 =
1(M
NeB
r)
f + as
sum
ed s
ame
as fo
r HB
r
52.D
ithio
nic a
cid,
H2S
206
The
oret
ical
pred
ictio
ns o
f pR
i and
pK
2 fr
om st
ruct
ure
K52
Val
ues
of p
Ki
and
pK2
coul
d be
ser
ious
ly i
n er
ror
beca
use
of
-sl
—.'2
2 32
4 68
0 95
0 --
'1
—24
35
9 70
2 92
8 37
50
expe
rim
enta
l lim
itatio
ns
1 =
01; s
ame
rem
arks
as
abov
e I =
01
E3b
g Il
l
49. D
iper
osm
ic a
cid,
See
Osm
ic(V
HI)
aci
d
50. D
iper
ruth
enic
aci
d, (
hydr
ated
Ru0
4)
1117
20
? D
istr
ibut
ion
betw
een
CC
14 a
nd w
ater
D
IST
RIB
M
15
l424
1l
•9
PKb
for H
2RuO
5 H
RuO
4 +
0H
2 S4
8
51. D
isui
phur
ic ac
id, H
2S20
7 —
12
—8
—13
—
8 T
heor
etic
al pr
edic
tions
(Ric
ci's
met
hod)
of p
ICi an
d pK
s T
heor
etic
al pr
edic
tions
(Pau
ling'
s met
hod)
of p
Ki a
nd p
K2
G24
185
252
10
20
pK in
con
cent
rate
d H2S
04; m
olal
sca
le
pK in
con
cent
rate
d H2S
04; m
olal
sca
le
FP
B13
B
74
53. D
ithio
nous
acid
, see
Hyp
osui
phur
ous a
cid
54. D
odec
a-an
timon
ic ac
id, H
12(S
b(O
H)6
)12
<1•
55
<15
5 <
F55
155
295
4.35
5'
75
715
25
pKi,
pK2,
pJ(
pK4,
pK
s, pI
Ca
p1(7
, pK
s, al
l at I
= 05
(NM
e4C
1);
this
aci
d ex
ists
in
equ
ilibr
ium
with
mon
onuc
lear
sp
ecie
s at
Sb(V
) con
cent
ratio
ns ab
ove 10
M an
timon
y
E3b
L
17
55. D
odec
ahyd
rodo
deca
bori
c aci
d, H
2B12
H12
Fo
r ac
idity
fun
ctio
n, s
ee M
50
56. D
odec
atun
gstic
acid
, H10
W12
041
—.3
6 52
7 62
8 20
pK
s, p
K9,
pK
io; I
= 0l
(NaC
I); r
apid
-rea
ctio
n te
chni
que
E3a
g S3
3
Nos
. 57
—69
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
57.
(Aqu
o) D
yspr
osiu
m(I
II) i
on, D
y3+
81
0 25
pK
a for
hyd
roly
sis of
Dy3
; titr
atio
n of
000
4—00
09 M
Dy(
C10
4)3
with
002
M B
a(O
H)2
; I =
03(N
aC1O
4)
E3b
F3
3a
58. (
Aqu
o) E
rbiu
m(I
II)
ion,
Er3
79
9 25
pK
5 for
hydr
olys
is o
f Er;
titra
tion o
f 000
4—00
09 M
Er(
C10
4)a
with
002
M B
a(O
H)s
; I =
03(N
aClO
4)
E3b
F3
3a
59. A
quo)
Eur
opiu
m(I
II)
ion,
Eu3
83
1
-88
25
25
pKa
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Eu3+
; tit
ratio
n of
0004
—00
09 M
Ba(
OH
)u;
I = 0
3(N
aClQ
) pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Eu3
; hyd
roly
sis
of "p
ure"
salt;
a 00
01—
00
1 M
Eu2
(S04
)3
E3b
E3a
g
F33a
M38
60. F
erri
c io
n, s
ee Ir
on(J
II) i
on
61. F
erri
cyan
ic a
cid,
H3F
e(C
N)6
<
1 25
pK
3; c
l0
- E
3bg
J14
62. F
erro
cyan
ic a
cid,
FT
4Fe(
CN
)o
22
417
257
435
3 4.
3 41
7 23
4.
28
425
25
25
17
25
25
25
pK3,
pK
4; c
l0
; I =
001
to 0
5; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I =
0 pK
3, p
K4;
I = 0
pKa,
pK4;
I=0
pK4;
I = 0
001
to 0
.25;
ext
rapo
late
d ag
ains
t 1+
pJ
(, pK
4 va
riat
ion
of re
dox
pote
ntia
l with
pH
; ext
rapo
late
d to
1=
0 pK
4; v
aria
tion
of re
dox
pote
ntia
l with
pH
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: K
37
E3b
g
E3b
g E
3bg
RE
DO
X
RE
DO
X
J14
H74
N
14
L7
H20
a
K46
63. F
erro
us io
n, se
e Ir
on(I
I) i
on
64. F
luor
opho
spho
ric a
cid,
H2P
O3F
Ø
.5
480
5•12
40
25
"P
ract
ical
"co
nsta
nts
E3b
E
D
32
R47
65. F
luor
osui
phur
ic ac
id, H
FSO
3
66. (
Aqu
o) G
adol
iniu
m(I
II) i
on, G
d3
For p
K5
in s
ulph
uric
aci
d, s
ee B
i 1
—88
25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Gd3
; hyd
roly
siso
f "pu
re"
salt;
c =
0001
—
E3a
g M
38
835
25
001
M G
d2(S
04)3
pK
5 for
hydr
olys
is o
f Gd3
; titr
atio
n of
0004
—00
09 M
Gd(
C10
4)3
with
002
M B
a(O
H)2
; I =
03(N
aCIO
4)
E3b
F3
3a
67.
(Aqu
o) G
alliu
m(H
I)io
n, G
a3
334—
343
2.95
28
35
25
25
18
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of G
a3; c
00
04—
025 M
in G
a3
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of G
a2; I
05
(NaC
10)4
Su
cces
sive
pK
val
ues f
or hy
drol
ysis
of G
a3
E3b
g 06
E
3ah
M39
W
20
F32
l03
11•7
18
Su
cces
sive
pK
valu
es fo
r hyd
roly
sis o
f Ga(
0H)r
to G
a(O
H)5
2 an
d G
a(O
H)6
3 68
5 20
pK
fo
r G
a(0H
)3 +
H20
G
a(O
H)4
— +
H;
c =
0005
—
122
1•40
1•
75
212
20
0025
M in
Ga(
OH
)4; f
rom
pH
of hy
drol
ysed
alka
li-m
etal
salts
Su
cces
sive
pK
val
ues
for
hydr
olys
is o
f G
a3 t
o G
a0H
2,
Ga(
OH
)s+
and
Ga(
OH
)a;
I 1 (N
aCI)
D
IST
RIB
A
17
68. G
erm
anic
aci
d, H
4GeO
4 (H
2GeO
3)
902
1282
25
pK
i, pK
s; I
= 05
(NaC
IO4)
E
3bg
Hi
898
1l74
25
I =
1(N
aC1O
4)
Bel
ow 0
004
M,
germ
anic
aci
d is
mai
nly
mon
omer
ic; a
t hig
her
conc
entr
atio
ns an
oct
ager
man
ic a
nion
is a
lso
form
ed
903
1233
25
pK
1, p
I(s;
I =
05(N
aC1)
; log
K =
2914
for
8G
e(O
H)4
+
E3b
g,h
17
898
15
30H
(G
e(O
H)4
)s(O
H)3
3 1=
0 E
Scg
A25
8.
92
20
8•73
25
8•
62
30
9•l
127
908
12
I = 2(
KC
1)
In 0
5 M
Na2
SO4
E3b
E
C
9 L
42
1243
12
31
25
32
1=3(
NaC
I)
In sa
tura
ted
Na2
SO4
solu
tion
E3b
h C
RY
OSO
110
K63
.
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: G15
, G52
, P43
, R
35,
S26
69. G
old(
IU) h
ydro
xide
, Au(
OH
)s
<11
7 13
36
>15
3 25
Su
cces
sive
Kp
valu
es fo
r ion
izat
ion t
o H
2AuO
32, H
auO
2 an
d A
uO33
, SO
LY
Ji
l
C)'
73. H
exam
etap
liosp
hori
c aci
d, H
6P60
18
2 56
0 78
2
Nos
. 70
—79
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
70. (
Aqu
o) H
afni
um(I
V) i
on, H
f4
—01
2 0•
23
042
052
25
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
Hf4
; 1
1 (H
CIO
4);
usin
g lo
w (
radi
o-is
otop
e) 11
f4+
co
ncen
trat
ions
; at
con
cent
ra-
tions
abo
ve 1
0 M
pol
ymer
s (m
ainl
y tri
mer
s and
tetr
amer
s) a
re
also
form
ed
DIS
TR
IB
P24
71. H
epta
mol
ybdi
c ac
id, H
6Mo7
O24
f_
.3.7
43
3 25
pK
5, p
1(6;
1 =
3(N
aC1O
4);
conc
entr
atio
n co
nsta
nts;
als
o lo
g K
= 57
•7 f
or 7
MoO
42
+ 8
H
Mo7
0246
+
4H
20
Elc
g,h
SS
72. H
exad
ecap
olyp
hosp
hori
c aci
d, H
15P1
6049
-.
.'2
2•92
64
8 60
8 '-.
-2
264
648
802
252
650
818
25
37
50
Con
cent
ratio
n co
nsta
nts:
I =
1(N
Me4
Br)
; f±
assu
med
sam
e as
for H
Br;
firs
t tw
o of
thes
e pK
valu
es m
ay b
e ser
ious
ly in
erro
r be
caus
e of e
xper
imen
tal d
iffi
culti
es
E3b
g Il
l
No
deta
ils
K3a
74. H
exax
nino
trip
hosp
haze
ne, N
3P2(
NH
2)6
<32
76
5 77
0 25
25
pK
i, p1
(2; I
0 pK
2;I=
O
E
E
FlO
Fl
i
75. H
exap
olyp
hosp
hori
c aci
d, H
8P60
19
—2l
21
9 59
8 81
3
—43
22
2 58
3 80
2 '-i
3 22
2 5•
81
8•00
25
37
50
Con
cent
ratio
n co
nsta
nts;
I =
1 (N
Me4
Br)
; f
assu
med
sa
me
as fo
r HB
r; lo
wes
t tw
o pK
valu
es u
ncer
tain
bec
ause
of
expe
rim
enta
l dif
ficu
lty
Con
cent
ratio
n con
stan
ts, a
s ab
ove
E3b
g
E3b
g
112 Ill
76. (
Aqu
o) H
olm
ium
(I1I
) ion,
Ho3
80
4 25
pK
a for
hydr
olys
is o
f Ho3
; titr
atio
n of
0004
—00
09 M
Ho(
C10
4)3
with
0.0
2 M B
a(O
H)2
; I
0'3(
NaC
IO4)
E
3b
F33a
77. H
ydra
zine
, N2H
4 —
0-88
8-
li 20
1=
0 02
,E
S28
027
7•94
25
I =
0
E3b
g Y
15
8-24
15
If
rom
001
to 0
15; e
xtra
pola
ted
to I =
0
E3d
g W
2 7-
99
25
7-82
35
8-
60
10
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
; I =
1 (K
G!)
E
3dg
1310
2 8-
40
18
8-20
25
81
5 8-
07
25
30
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
; I =
0-3(
NaC
IO4)
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nt; 0
-02—
0-05
M h
ydra
zine
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
78,
G21
, H78
Fo
r H_
acid
ity f
unct
ion
of hy
draz
ine
see
D26
, F8,
S12
, S7
3
E3b
g E
3dg
J5
H59
78. H
ydra
zino
suip
huri
c ac
id, N
H3N
HSO
3 3-
85
0007
5 M s
olut
ion
E3b
g A
39
79. H
ydra
zoic
acid
, HN
3 4-
72
25
1=0
Elc
g Y
16
4-65
, 468
46
2 25
22
1
= 0-
01 t
o 0-
03
I = 00
3 to
10;
pK
corr
ecte
d us
ing D
ebye
-HU
ckel
equ
atio
n an
d E
3bg
4-59
25
ex
trap
olat
ed ag
ains
t 1
05
E3a
g B
ilO
H78
4-
68
20
1=0
E3b
g B
IOS
4-69
2 15
I =
0-02
E
Scg
S36
4-68
6 17
-5
4-68
4 20
4-
682
22-5
4-
680
25
4-68
0 27
-5
4-68
0 30
47
0 20
I =
0.01
to 0
-04,
ext
rapo
late
d to
1
0 E
3bg
B67
a 4-
64
26
4-58
33
45
5 —
6-21
—
10-1
20
25
I = 0-
1 to
13(
KC
1);
extr
apol
ated
aga
inst
ji
pK o
f mon
ocat
ion,
H2N
3, u
sing
Ho
func
tion
for H
2S04
pK
of d
icat
ion,
H3N
32, u
sing
Ho
func
tion
for H
2S04
and
dat
a by
A. H
antz
sch
(Ber
., 63
B 1
782
(193
0))
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B88
, H
21, H
64, 0
9, W
15
E3b
D
IST
RIB
Q4
136
Nos
. 80
—84
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
80. H
ydri
odic
aci
d, F
li -.
.---
9 25
U
sing
Rao
ult's
law
V
AP
B25
25
C
alcu
latio
n fro
m th
erm
odyn
amic
data
M
l
81. H
ydro
brom
ic a
cid,
HB
r t..
i—8
25
Usi
ng R
aoul
t's la
w
VA
P B
25
-—9
25
Cal
cula
tion
from
ther
mod
ynam
ic d
ata
For
Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion
of H
Br,
see
P11
, VS
Ml
82. H
ydro
chlo
ric
acid
, H
C1
7.3
0 V
AP
R21
—
68
10
4 20
—
6•1
25
5.9
30
5.4
40
—5•
1 50
—
7•4
0 V
AP
W33
—
i---
-7
25
Ass
umin
g fr
ee H
C1
is li
ke fr
ee H
CN
B
25
—7
25
Cal
cula
tion f
rom
ther
mod
ynam
ic da
ta
—7
25
Cal
cula
tion f
rom
ther
mod
ynam
ic d
ata
Ml
—7
Ass
umin
g sol
ubili
ties o
f fre
e H
C1
and R
C1
(whe
re R
= C
H3,
C
2H5,
etc
.) in
wat
er fa
ll in
regu
lar
sequ
ence
E
2
-.—
6 A
ssum
ing K
HF/
KH
C1
KH
,o/K
u,s
109
S22
326
360
I = 0;
in su
perh
eate
d st
eam
, den
sity
052
5 g/
ml
Cl
P12
3•42
37
3 0•
525
3.47
37
8 05
25
4•11
37
0 04
47
4•14
37
3 0•
447
424
378
0447
43
2 38
3 0•
447
461
373
0•39
9 4.
74
378
0399
pK o
f H2C
l; th
eore
tical
pre
dict
ion
S29
3 pK
of H
CI;
theo
retic
al p
redi
ctio
n Fo
r plC
valu
es o
f 1-I
C1 in
supe
rhea
ted s
team
bet
wee
n 400
and
7ØQ
O,
with
den
sitie
s fr
om 0
3 to
0-8
g/c
m3,
see
F26
Fo
r pK
val
ue i
n ab
solu
te et
hano
l, se
e S2
2 Fo
r Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion
of H
CI s
ee B
27,
B75
, D
21 (
in th
e pr
esen
ce of
LiC
1 an
d M
aCi)
, G17
and
G18
(tem
pera
ture
rang
e),
PlO
(in
the
pres
ence
of a
dded
salts
), P
11, V
8.
For
HA
aci
dity
fun
ctio
n, se
e Y
5 Fo
r H
aci
dity
func
tion,
see
P27
Fo
r H0'
, H0"
, H an
d FI
R' a
cidi
ty f
unct
ions
of H
C1,
see
A36
83. H
ydro
cyan
ic a
cid,
HC
N
9216
25
T
akin
g pK
of
m-b
rom
ophe
nol a
s 90
04;
00l—
005
M b
orax
02
A
22
buff
ers;
ext
rapo
latio
n to I =
0, u
sing
ext
ende
d D
ebye
-Huc
kel
equa
tion;
fres
hly p
repa
red c
yani
de so
lutio
ns
963
10
I = 0-
002
to 0
024;
ex
trap
olat
ion
to I =
0 u
sing
ext
ende
d E
3bg
123
949
15
Deb
ye.H
ucke
l equ
atio
n, fr
eshl
y pr
epar
ed c
yani
de so
lutio
ns
936
20
9-21
25
9-
11
30
8-99
35
88
8 40
8-
78
45
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies
are
deri
ved f
rom
the
resu
lts
936
20
I = 00
1 to
0-0
4, e
xtra
pola
ted
to I
= 0
E3b
g B
67a
9-19
26
9-
05
33
930
28
E3b
G
lO
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A20
, B84
, B
87,
B88
, H
28, K
36
84. f
lydr
oflu
oric
aci
d, H
F (H
2F2)
3-
18
25
for 1
= 0;
0-0
1—0i
M in
HF,
000
2—O
01 M
in
KF;
ove
r th
ese
Cl,R
lb
Eli
3-40
50
te
mpe
ratu
res,
K
1 fo
r F—
+ H
F H
F2
is 3
4, 4
0, 4
7, 4-
8, 4
9,
3-64
75
5-
7, 5
8, 8
, res
pect
ivel
y 3-
85
100
4-09
12
5 43
4 15
0
Nos
. 85
—89
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
4-58
17
5 4.
89
200
321
25
Dat
a fi
t pK
= 2-
75 +
295/
T —
F91
log
T +
0014
T (
T in
°K
) T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
fo
r I =
0; 0
001
M in
NaP
; dilu
te H
F so
lutio
ns
Cl
E21
3-
10
15
for 1
0;
usin
gPb-
Hg/
PbFs
inst
eado
fAgJ
AgC
l,0-0
01—
FOM
in
Elc
h B
90
317
25
HF,
I(i f
or F—
+
HF
HF
2— w
as 3
-94,
386,
4-3
2 at
15, 2
5, 3
5°
3-25
35
29
6 0
Rec
alcu
latio
n of
dat
a by
E. D
euss
en
C
W28
3•
16
25
(Z. A
norg
. A
ligem
. Che
m.,
44 31
2 (1
905)
); K
1 fo
r F
+ H
F H
F2—
was
243
, 2-7
0 at
0, 2
5°
316
25
Tak
ing
aHF2
—/(
aHF8
F-)
= 5-
4 E
B
95
'-..—
9 pK
of H
2F+
; th
eore
tical
pre
dict
ion
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A15
, A41
, B67
, B
98,
B99
, C
24,
C30
, C31
, D
10, D
41,
F3,
F29,
P28
, R
33, R
34,
R50
(at
100
, 156
, 21
8°),
S7
8 Fo
r Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion
of H
F, se
e B26
, H
80, N
2 (i
n et
ha-
nol-
wat
er m
ixtu
res)
, P11
S29
85. H
ydro
gen
pero
xide
, H20
2 11
-86
15
1 0-
05 to
48(
NaC
IO4)
; ex
trap
olat
ed a
gain
st 1
4; c
= 0-
55 M
E
3ag
E22
11
-75
20
H20
2 11
-65
25
11-5
5 80
11
-45
35
11-8
1 20
E
3bg
K4
11.9
2 10
C
AL
OR
S2
11
•62
25
11-3
4 35
11
-21
50
12-1
1 0
KIN
J2
2 12
-23
0 D
IST
RIB
12
-19
0 C
l 11
-85
19
01
J17
88. H
ydro
gen
sesq
uiox
ide,
H20
3 9—
10
89. H
ydro
gen
suip
hide
, H2S
7.
33
5 7•
24
10
7•13
15
70
5 20
6•
97
25
6.90
30
6•
79
40
6-69
50
66
2 60
7•
57
0 7'
06
25
6.82
50
70
2 25
20
70
0
7•0
1 1•
58
30
I 0.
1 (p
hosp
hate
buf
fers
) co
rrec
ted
to I
0
by D
ebye
- H
ucke
l equ
atio
n 01
M
51
In st
rong
hyd
roge
n pe
roxi
de so
lutio
ns (a
bove
seve
ral p
er c
ent
H20
2 in
wat
er),
sup
erac
idity
is o
bser
ved,
giv
ing
low
er v
alue
s of
pK
whi
ch p
ass t
hrou
gh a
flat
min
imum
(8.
7) n
ear 5
0%
M34
, K32
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: E24
86. H
ydro
gen
poly
suip
hide
3•
8 63
20
Fo
r H2S
4; I =
01
(NaC
1O4)
; rap
id-f
low
mea
sure
men
ts; 3
.4 an
d 56
for H
2S5
E3a
g S3
0
87. H
ydro
gen
sele
nide
, H2S
e 15
0 22
E
stim
ated
unc
erta
inty
± 0
6 pH
uni
ts;
the
dire
ct t
itrat
ion
of
H2S
e w
ith K
OH
giv
es lo
w p
K2
valu
es b
ecau
se o
f aer
ial o
xida
- tio
n
SOL
Y
W27
14
25
Val
ue n
eede
d to
fit e
xper
imen
tal E
'/pH
plot
PO
LA
RO
G
L35
38
9 11
0 25
IC
—' 0
03; t
itrat
ion o
f H2S
e in
the
dark
E
3bg
H9
3.73
25
•9
c =
O00
8—0•
1 M H
2Se
Cl
H61
3.
77
B10
4
The
oret
ical
pre
dict
ion
C46
140
147
1385
30
c =
000
1 to
001
7 M
in H
2S
I var
ied
from
0•0
1 to
017
, pho
spha
te b
uffe
rs
Ext
rapo
latio
n of
mea
sure
d pK
ver
sus
alka
li co
ncen
trat
ion
Cl
W30
C1,
Rlb
L
44
01
E14
07
FP
,C
J3a
05
M54
7•26
707
6•99
6•
91
696
687
679
666
6•54
6•91
681
668
656
645
637
688
6.99
68
1 65
4 6•52
6•59
10
25
35
50
18
20
25
35
45
25
25
25
25
25
25 0 25
20
25
40
80
90
120
138
E3b
g T
20
E3b
g Y
17
Cl
E13
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
Nos
. 90
—96
E3a
g, V
AP
G35
1475
13•9
0 14•15
1289
12
24
1068
927
855
Val
ues o
f pK
2 (o
btai
ned
from
titr
atio
ns)
give
n in
this
ref
eren
ce
are
prob
ably
too
low
c =
0001
—00
4 M in
H2S
1 at
mos
pher
e pr
essu
re
500
atm
osph
ere
pres
sure
10
00 at
mos
pher
e pre
ssur
e 15
00 a
tmos
pher
e pr
essu
re
2000
atm
osph
ere
pres
sure
C
alcu
late
d fro
m t
herm
odyn
amic
dat
a an
d po
tent
ial m
easu
re-
men
ts
I = 1
(KC
1); H
g el
ectr
ode v
ersu
s cal
omel
C
alcu
late
d fro
m p
ublis
hed
ther
mod
ynam
ic d
ata
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A40
, E20
, K31
, K49
, K66
, K71
, P9,
S29
, S6
2, S
71, T
6a, W
i, W
3, Z
i
M13
E
W18
P3
2
90. H
ydro
gen
264
tellu
ride
, H2T
e 18
c =
0003
—00
9 M H
2Te
Ci
H61
2
B104
11
1216
25
25
Value of pKs needed to fit Er/pH plot
Value of pK2 needed to fit E'/pH plot
POLAROG
POLAROG L35
P7
91. H
ydro
pero
xy ra
dica
l, H
O
4.4
23
4.45
23
45
r.
.,2
pK f
or H
Ol
H+
+ 0
s; fro
m p
H-d
epen
denc
e of
reac
tion
with
tetr
anitr
omet
hane
; spe
cies
gen
erat
ed by
elec
tron
irra
diat
ion
pH-d
epen
denc
e of r
ate
of re
actio
n w
ith te
tran
itrom
etha
ne
puls
ed ra
diol
ysis
exp
erim
ents
es
timat
e
KIN
0 0
G46
Ria
C
46a
Ui
20
estim
ate
Wi 1
92. H
ydro
suip
huri
c ac
id, s
ee H
ydro
gen
suip
hide
93. H
ydro
xyla
min
e, N
H2O
H
6186
15
60
63
20
5948
25
I = 0.
25, 1
, 225
(NaC
1O4)
; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I = 0
usin
g Deb
ye H
Uck
el e
quat
ion
E3b
g L
47
5730
35
604
20
5.96
25
pK =
2775
.7/ T
—58
899
+ 00
0847
82T
(T
in °
K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies
are
calc
ulat
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
fo
r I =
0; t
akin
g pK
of 3
,4-d
initr
ophe
nol a
s 54
6, 5
42,
and
538
02
R22
584
30
598
25
5.93
25
Fo
r I
0 E
3ag
DIS
TR
.IB
H8
5.97
25
60
4 30
I =
0002
3 to
002
3; e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst j
1 "P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nt; I
1(
KC
1)
E3b
g E
3ag
1351
B
103
649
30
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
; I
1(K
CI)
; in
D20
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: F
28, 1
15, M
1El,
M52
, M
53, R
28, S
83,
W21
E3a
g
94. H
ydro
xyla
min
e-N
,N-d
isul
phon
ic ac
id, H
ON
(HSO
3)2
1185
25
pK
3; I =
16(K
2S04
?)
E3a
g A
8a
95. H
ydro
xyla
min
e-N
-sul
phon
ic ac
id, H
0.N
H.O
SO2H
R
oom
12
38
642
1220
73
•8
pKs;
I =
l5(K
2S04
) I =
16(N
a2C
O3
or N
aSSO
4)
E3a
g A
8a
1210
83
.5
96. H
ydro
xyla
min
e O
-sul
phon
ate,
NH
30S0
3 14
8 45
1
= 1
(NaC
lOi)
E
3ag
C3
-
Nos
. 97
—10
1
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
!t'fe
thod
s R
efer
ence
97
. Hyd
roxy
l rad
ical
, OH
1 1-
9 23
Pu
lse
radi
olyt
ic m
etho
d R
I 1 1-
8 -.
23
Puls
e ra
diol
ysis
; pK
obt
aine
d fr
om p
H-d
epen
denc
e of
rate
fo
rmat
ion o
f rad
ical
ion,
C03
of
W
9a
98. H
ypob
rom
ous
acid
, HO
Br
891
10
0 F1
8 86
6 25
84
9 25
8-
23
50
8-80
8-
60
1565
25
-28
E3b
g K
u 8-
47
35.5
5 8-
36
45.5
5 86
8 22
1 =
002
to
0-i
E3b
g S4
4 3-
69
20
c =
0-0
1—0-
02 M
Br0
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: C
14, F
2, K
iG, L
29, S
53, S
64
E3b
g S4
5
99. H
ypoc
lilor
ous a
cid,
HO
C1
7-82
5 0
Mea
sure
d re
lativ
e to
pK
2 of
H3P
04;
03
M46
a 7-
754
5 1 =
0-05
to 0
-2; e
xtra
pola
ted
to 1
= 0
7-
690
10
7-63
3 15
7-
582
20
7-53
7 25
7-
497
30
7-46
3 35
7-
49
7-30
10
25
Fo
r 1
0; c
= 0
-01
M H
OC
1 E
3bg
FiG
7-
18
35
7-05
50
7-
50
10
For
1 0;
c 00
03 M
HO
CI
05
013
7-31
25
7J
9 35
7-
06
50
7.82
0
Ext
rapo
late
d to
zer
o tim
e, a
nd t
o I =
0 us
ing
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l E
3ag
04
772
10
equa
tion
7.65
15
7•
53
25
7.49
35
74
6 45
75
3 25
E
3bg
1-17
75
0 20
E
3bg
S45
7.49
25
M
59
766
06
For I
= 0;
usi
ng D
ebye
-Hüc
kel e
quat
ion
E3b
g A
38
7.55
20
74
2 27
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nt;
c =
025
M H
OC
1 E
3bg,
R2a
L
36
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B85
, D
4, G
2, G
27,
S4,
S46,
S52
, S5
3, S
58,
Yll
H65
, H
73,
12,
K17
,
100.
Hyp
oiod
ous
acid
, 110
1 10
64
25
Als
o pK
= 1
448
for 1
20H
—
1202
— +
H
E,h
02
1 9.
7 22
E
3bg
J19
r..il
l 25
F3
9 12
.4
20
KIN
S5
1 9.
49
25
pKb
for H
OI
1 +
OH
—; i
odin
e el
ectr
ode
E
M57
13
5 25
pK
of H
2OI
05
A18
15
4 25
pK
of H
sOI;
cells
of t
ype
E
B28
Pt
,12,
Ag,
H/S
at.K
NO
3/I,
12, H
, Pt
101.
Hyp
onitr
ous
acid
, H22
O2
751
0 I
006;
from
rate
s of
dec
ompo
sitio
n K
IN
P34
7•22
20
7•
09
30
ll35
25
1l09
50
10
97
55
11-i
18
E
3ag
732
15
For I =
0 K
IN
H79
72
1 11
54
25
7•17
35
69
2 10
90
45
Usi
ng b
orat
e bu
ffer
s in
dete
rmin
ing
1(2
1110
45
U
sing
NaO
H so
lutio
ns
Nos
. 10
2—10
8
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
705
25
For I
= 0
E3b
g L1
0 11
4 25
03
67
5 10
85
25
1= 1
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A3,
P33
K
IN
BlO
G
102.
Hyp
opho
spho
ric
acid
, H4P
206
219
677
948
20
<2
281
727
1003
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nt;,
1=01
(K
C1)
C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
s; ti
trat
ion
of 0
01 M
Na4
P2O
6 in
004
9 M
HC
1 w
ith 0
1 M
NaO
H
E3b
h E
3bh
S35
T16
103.
Hyp
opho
spho
rous
acid
, H3P
02
123
25
ForI
=0
C1,
Rlc
P8
10
7 18
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nt;
titra
tion
of 0
11 N
H3P
02 w
ith 0
11 N
N
aOH
E
3bg
M48
102
16
1=01
6 E
3a
G44
a 11
2 30
1=
016
12
45
1=05
7 10
3 16
1
= F
13(K
C1)
; co
ncen
trat
ion
cons
tant
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
89,
G43
, K
41, M
33, N
26
104.
Hyp
osui
phur
ous
acid
, H
2S2O
4 03
5 24
5 25
C
l j3
10
5. I
mid
odip
hosp
hori
c aci
d, H
203P
.NH
. P0
3H2
—45
26
6 73
2 10
22
25
Con
cent
ratio
n co
nsta
nts;
I =
01(
NM
e4B
r);f +
assu
med
sam
e as
forH
Br;
pK
i may
be
seri
ousl
y in
erro
r bec
ause
of ex
peri
men
tal
diff
icul
ties
E3b
g 11
2
2•85
70
8 9•
72
25
1 =
02
2 28
1 70
5 9•
77
25
1=03
-.
45
305
762
1036
25
1=
10
—.1
.8
260
716
9.79
37
1=
01;
as ab
ove
Ill
-.-1
8 26
8 69
9 95
2 37
I =
03
—.1
•8
2•8l
69
0 94
1 50
1=
01
-..l8
2.
83
688
932
50
I 03
106.
(Aqu
44
3
4.4
o) I
ndiu
m(
39
4.4
III)
ion,
J3+
25
25
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
In3
to I
nOH
2+ a
nd
In(O
H)s
; I =
3(N
aCIO
4);
usin
g In
-Hg
elec
trod
e;
abov
e 00
01 M
, ind
ium
for
ms
In{(
OH
)2In
](3+
fl)+
Su
cces
sive
pK
valu
es fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of I
n3; I
= 3
(NaC
1O4)
; tr
acer
am
ount
s of
Ii-
iS+
D
IST
RIB
1341
R31
1189
6.95
1155
11
32
20+
2
25
Succ
essi
vepK
b va
lues
forh
ydro
lysi
sofI
n3to
InO
H2,
In(O
H)2
an
d In
(0H
);I=
1
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of In
3 to
form
a m
ixed
hyd
roxy
-chl
oro
corn
- pl
ex; I
= 3(
NaC
1);
= 00
01—
004 M
In3;
a bi
nucl
ear
1n2(
OH
)2 ch
ioro
com
plex
is
als
o fo
rmed
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: H
43, H
51, M
36, M
37
DIS
TR
IB
E3a
g
H19
1348
107.
lodi
c ac
id, H
103
(H51
06)
0804
25
O
btai
ned
by t
hree
inde
pend
ent
met
hods
, tak
ing
ion-
size
par
a-
met
er o
f 5A
; val
ue d
epen
ds o
n io
n-si
ze a
ssum
ed; e
mf m
etho
d C
1,E
, and
K
IN
P26a
0785
25
du
e to
A.
K. C
ovin
gton
and
J. E
. Pru
e, J
. Che
m. S
oc.
1955
, 37
01
Solu
bilit
y of A
g103
in H
NO
3 an
d K
NO
3, e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst
j1;J
00
08—
05
SOL
Y
L25
0815
30
08
4 35
07
88
0.77
3 07
73
25
25
25
Solu
bilit
y of B
a(IO
a)s
in 1
:1 e
lect
roly
te so
lutio
ns, e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst
11; 1
00
025
to 1
1
= 0.
0026
to 0
01; e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst 1
1 C
alcu
late
d fro
m d
ata
of C
. A.
Kra
us a
nd H
. C
. Par
ker,
J. A
m.
SOL
Y
04
Cl,
Ric
N3
H14
F3
8
0807
058
25 0
Che
m. S
oc., 4
4, 2
429
(192
2)
Cal
cula
ted f
rom
dat
a of
C. A
. K
raus
and
H.
C. 1
arke
r, J
. Am
. C
hem
. So
c. 4
4, 2
429
(192
2),
taki
ng a
n io
n si
ze o
f 3A
C
l, R
ic
FP
L17
a
A4
072
18
Cl
074
30
For I
= 0
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: D
44a,
K18
, K60
, M2,
012
, R36
. Fo
r H
0 ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
aque
ous H
103,
see
D18
NM
R
H67
108.
(Aqu
o) I
ron(
II) i
on, F
e2
6.93
67
4 20
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Fe2+
; I =
05-2
(NaC
1O4)
E
3bg
B65
25
64
9 35
—
Nos
. 10
9—11
2
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
634
40
7•15
68
20
25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Fe2
; I
1 (N
aCIO
4)
ESb
g B
63
8•3
7.9
25
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of F
e2
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of F
e2; c
= 00
2—0'
08 M
FeC
I2; h
ydro
lysi
s of
"p
ure"
sal
ts
SOL
Y
E3a
g L
19
G13
72
3-
3 25
C
once
ntra
tion c
onst
ants
; I =
05(K
CI)
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Fe2
, fro
m ra
te o
f H20
2 de
com
posi
tion a
s fu
nctio
n of
pH
in p
rese
nce
of F
e2; I
= 1 (
NaC
1O4)
lo
g K
for F
e2 +
30H
Fe
(OH
)s
is e
stim
ated
from
pol
aro-
gr
aphy
to b
e 78
5 in
1.3
75 N
]a0H
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: H
45, L
34
KIN
W
14
S21
109.
(Aqu
o) I
ron(
Ill)
ion,
Fe3
2-
71
246
15
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of F
e3; c
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; I =
0-01
05
T
21
2-29
35
2-
30
2-34
20
25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Fe3
; I =
0025
to 0
45 (
NaC
1O4,
HC
1O4)
; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I =
0 06
R
iG
2-38
18
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Fe3;
I = 0
01 to
0-0
3; ex
trap
olat
ed to
1 =
0 06
M
30
2-19
25
2-
02
32
2-96
18
I =
1(N
aClO
4);
cons
tant
s are
als
o gi
ven
for 2
FeO
H2
2-79
25
Fe
2(O
U)2
4 2-
61
32
2.17
2-19
25
25
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
Fe3
; I
0-01
5 to
3-0
; ex
trap
olat
ed t
o 1 =
0 u
sing
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equa
tion;
cons
tant
s are
als
o gi
ven
for 2
FeO
H2
Fes(
OH
)s4
For
1=0
06
06
M31
S47
2-63
20
—22
1 =
0-1(
KN
O3)
05
P3
5 2-
80
25
I = 0-
5(N
aC1O
4)
06
W20
2-
92
21
1 =
0-55
; in
D20
06
11
75
2-74
3-
31
2-83
4-
59
20
25
Suc
cess
ive p
K va
lues
for
hydr
olys
is of
Fe3
+; I =
1(N
aClO
4);
— lo
g K
= 2
-85
for 2
Fe2
+ 21
120
Fe2(
OH
)24+
+ 2
H
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s for
hyd
roly
sis
of F
e3
RE
DO
X
E
P18
118
2-83
25
C
3.05
3•
26
25
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
F&
; 1 =
3(N
aC1O
4);
also
— lo
g K
= 2
9l fo
r 2Fe
3 +
2H20
Fe
2(O
H)2
4 +
2H
V
alue
s of
lo
g K
for
2Fe3
+ 21
120
Fe2(
OH
)24
+ 2
H,
RE
DO
X
H46
M56
fr
om 1
5410
, are
est
imat
ed fr
om m
agne
tic m
easu
rem
ents
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: A
31, B
10,
B52
, B
53, B
76, B
91,
B94
, C
30,
120,
_L5,
_L33
,_01
0, S8
1
110.
Isoh
ypop
hosp
liori
c aci
d, H
4P20
6 4•
5 8•
5 pK
2, pl
C;
c 00
2 M
E3b
g B
60
F67
626
25
pK2,
pK
; I
01 t
o FO
(E
t4N
C1)
;ext
rapo
late
d to
1= 0
; pK
i es
timat
ed as
O6
E3b
g C
IOa
111.
(A
quo)
Lan
than
um(1
II) io
n, L
a3
'-.40
25
pK
for
hyd
roly
sis
of L
a3;
from
hyd
roly
sis
of "
pure
" sa
lt;
= 00
01—
001
M L
a2(S
O)3
E
3ag
M38
906
25
pK5 f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
La3
; titr
atio
n of
0004
—00
09 M
La(
C10
4)a
E3b
F3
3a
898
10•1
56
3.3
25
25
20
25
with
002
ss B
a(O
H)2
; J =
Q.3
(Na0
104)
di
tto, u
sing
002
M N
aOH
pK
for
hyd
roly
sis
of L
a3;
.1 =
3(Li
C1O
4);
c O
i—F0
M
La(
C10
4)s;
als
o —
logK
= 9
95 fo
r 2L
a3 +
H20
L
a2O
H5
+ H
; oth
er s
peci
es i
nclu
de L
as(O
H)9
6 and
La6
(OL
i)jo
5 pK
b; c
= 00
l s La
CI3
pK
b; e
stim
ated
from
solu
bilit
y m
easu
rem
ents
of I.
M. K
oith
off
and
R. E
lmqu
ist,
.1. A
m. G
/zem
. Soc
., 53
, 121
7 (1
931)
E3b
g
E3b
g
B43
W17
D
8
-.5
18
pKa
DIS
TR
IB
V6
112.
(A
quo)
Lea
d(II
) ion
, Pb2
7•
78
18
pKfo
rhyd
roly
siso
fPb2
;for
I = 0;
c =
0005
—04
M (P
bNO
3)2;
al
so
log
K =
— 7
30 f
or 2
Pb2
+ 11
20
Pb2O
H3
+ H
, an
d lo
g K
= —
209
3 fo
r 4P
b2 +
4H
20
Pb4(
OH
)44
4W
E3b
g PI
G
866
793
8'84
71
101
1 15
20
25
25
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of P
b2; P
b4(O
H)4
4 is
als
o for
med
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Pb2;
I = 2(
NaC
1O4)
; als
o log
K =
—19
35
for 4
Pb2 +
4H
20
Pb4(
OH
)44
+ 4W
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Pb2
; I =
2(aN
0s);
also
log
K =
— 7
11
for
2Pb2
+ 11
20
Pb2O
H3 +
H;
logK
= —
2F
72
for
4Pb2
+ 41
120
Pb4(
OH
)44
+ 4
W
pK va
lues
for
step
wis
e hyd
roly
sis o
f Pb2
to P
bOH
, (P
bOH
)2
and
(Pb(
OH
); I
= 1 (
KN
O3)
E3b
g F4
H
76
E3a
g 11
77
POL
AR
OG
G
38
25
pK v
alue
s fo
r st
epw
ise
hydr
olys
is o
f Pb2
; I
0-3(
NaC
IO4)
; Pb
-Hg
elec
trod
e 25
I =
3(N
aC1O
4)
25
pK fo
r PbO
H
Pb +
0H
100
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of P
b2
At h
igh
lead
con
cent
ratio
ns, P
b2+
als
o hy
drol
yses
to P
b2O
H3
and
Pb4(
OH
)44+
(co
nsta
nts a
re gi
ven)
A
t 25°
and I =
2(N
aCIO
4), l
og K
= 1
2-62
for
Pb2
+ 30
H
Pb(O
H)3
- A
t 25°
andl
= 0,
logK
= 13
-90 fo
r Pb2
+ +
3OH
Pb(O
H)3
—
At 2
5° an
d I
0, lo
g K =
13.9
5 for
Pb2+
+ 3O
H—
a Pb(
0H3—
A
t 20°
, lo
g K =
124
5 fo
r Pb2
± 3
0H
Pb(O
H)3
—
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: C36
, G
49, G
51,
T14
, W26
78
9-4
10-8
7.9
9-6
11-5
7-
8 5.
99
:Nam
e, Fo
rmul
a an
d pK
valu
e T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
/sod
s R
efer
ence
Nos. 113—118
C6
Lith
ium
ion,
Li
SOL
Y
G7
KIN
K
69
08,P
4
POL
AR
OG
011
POL
AR
OG
N27
PO
LA
RO
G V
9 PO
LA
RO
G H
52
• 11
3. (
Aqu
o)
0-26
0-20
0-
18
0-20
0-
19
—0-
08
—0-
53
0-32
—
0-18
0-36
0-13
0-
89
1-13
1-
51
Elc
h G
26
5 pK
b; 1
0-
02 t
o 01
; f ± c
alcu
late
d us
ing
Dav
ies'
eq
uatio
n;
e.m
.f. d
ata f
rom
H. S
. Har
ned
and
H. R
. Cop
son,
J. A
m.
Che
m.
Soc.
, 55,
220
6 (1
933)
, an
d H
. S.
Har
ned
and
J. G. D
onel
son,
J.
Am
. Ciz
em.
Soc.
, 59,
128
0 (1
937)
15
25
35
45
25
pK
b;f +
from
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n 25
pK
a 25
pK
a 25
pK
b; c
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; I
3(N
aC1O
4); ta
king
f 0H
=
id
- pK
b; c
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; fr
om s
alt
effe
ct
on i
ndic
ator
; 1=
1(L
iC1)
I =
0-2(
LiC
l) 49
pK
b;fo
rl=
O
93
138
C2,
Rlb
C
2,R
Id
C2,
Rle
E
2ah
D3
S65
02
03
K38
C2
W29
l•42
18
2 1•
59
227
176
271
For
alka
linity
func
tion
of L
1OH
solu
tions
, see
L12
a, M
40,
S73
114.
(Aqu
o) L
utec
iuin
(III
) ion
, L
u3
6•6
790
798
20
25
25
pKb
for L
uOH
2 L
u3 +
OH
-; c
00
1 M
LuC
ia
pKa f
or hy
drol
ysis
of L
u3; ti
trat
ion o
f000
4—00
09 M
Lu(
C10
4)3
with
002
M B
a(O
H)2
; I =
03(N
aCIO
4)
ditto
, usi
ng 0
02 M
NaO
H
E3b
g E
3b
W17
F3
3a
115.
(Aqu
o) M
agne
sium
ion,
Mg2
2•
58
2•l
25
18
pKb;
for I
= 0;
c =
003
s M
gC12
pK
b E
3bg
SOL
Y
S74
G28
260
24
25
18
pKb;
I = 0
pKb;
con
cent
ratio
n co
nsta
nt;
c 01
—05
N M
gCI2
; sal
t ef
fect
on
indi
cato
r
E3b
g 03
H
71
K39
12.2
12
•8
25
30
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of M
g2; I
= 3(
NaC
l, M
gCI2
) pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Mg2
, I =
01 (K
C1)
; c 00
1 M
E
3bg,
h
E3b
g L
22
C12
976
100
pK fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of M
g2+
; ta
king
pK
w =
123
8; c
= 0
06 M
MgC
12;
rate
of i
nver
sion
of su
cros
e K
IN
K69
116.
(Aqu
o) M
anga
nese
(II)
ion,
Mn2
10
•93
1076
15
20
pK
for
hydr
olys
is o
f Mn2
; I =
0002
to 0
04; e
xtra
pola
ted
to
I = 0
by fi
tting
ext
ende
d D
ebye
-Huc
kei e
quat
ion
E3b
g P2
0
10•5
9 25
10
38
30
10•1
9 36
10
•10
42
106
9.54
30
10
0 pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Mn2
; I =
01(K
C1)
pK
for
hydr
olys
is o
f Mn2
E
Sbg
KIN
C
12
K69
117.
(Aqu
o) M
anga
nese
(III
) ion
, M
n3
006
r——
02
—O
•7
25
23
23
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of M
n3; I
= 4(M
n(C
104)
2,H
C1O
4)
I = 5
3 to
61
(Mn(
C10
4)2,
HC
IO4)
I =
6(H
C1O
4,
NaC
1O4)
06
06
06
W13
Fl
D
34
118.
Man
gani
c aci
d, H
2MnO
4 10
15
35
pK2;
I 01
K
IN
L37
-
Nos
. 11
9—12
7
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
119.
(A
quo)
Mer
cury
(I) i
on, H
ga2+
50
4-6
25
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
Hgs
2; I =
05(N
aC1O
4);
mea
sure
men
ts
incl
uded
Hg
elec
trod
e; a
llow
ed fo
r equ
ilibr
ium
, Hg
+ H
g2
Hg2
2+; e
arlie
r rep
orte
d va
lues
are t
oo lo
w b
ecau
se o
f the
hydr
o-
lysi
s of
Hg2+
al
so p
rese
nt
c =
0-00
6 M
, as
per
chlo
rate
E3b
g F2
3
E3a
g N
17
120.
(A
quo)
Mer
cury
(II)
ion,
Hg2
+
3-49
2-
47
25
Succ
essi
vepK
valu
esfo
r the h
ydro
lysi
s of
Hg2
; 1=
3(C
a(C
l04)
2,
Mg(
C10
4)2)
E
3bg
A12
3-55
2-
68
25
I = 3(
NaC
1O4)
C
onst
ants
are
al
so
give
n fo
r H
g2O
HS+
, H
g2(O
H)2
2+
and
Hg4
(OH
)35+
3-
70
2-65
3-
23
2-93
25
25
I =
0-5(
NaC
1O4)
I
3(N
aC1O
4)
E3b
g 11
54
SOL
Y
D48
2-
49
2-85
25
SO
LY
G
6 6-
72
13
— l
og K
for
Hg2
H
g(O
H)2
+ 2
H; I
= 0
l(NaN
O3)
E
3bg
A21
6-
52
20
6-26
30
6-
00
40
6-22
20
I =
0, b
y ex
trap
olat
ion
agai
nst 1
6-
26
25
Rat
io of
succ
essi
ve c
onst
ants
for h
ydro
lysi
s of H
g2+
is ab
out 0
-04
— lo
g K
for H
g2
Hg(
OH
)2 +
2H
SO
LY
G
4 14
-85
14-7
7 21
-4
25
25
30
pKfo
rHg(
OH
)2 +
H20
H
g(O
H)s
+ H
pK
for H
g(O
H)2
+ H
20
Hg(
OH
)3 +
U
log
K fo
r Hg2
+ 20
H
Hg(
OH
)2 I =
2(N
aNO
3)
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B56
, D
2, G
38,
G49
, K33
SOL
Y
F40
POL
AR
OG
N
18
121.
Mol
ybdi
c aci
d, H
2M00
4 Se
e al
so H
epta
mol
ybdi
c aci
d, T
etra
mol
ybdi
c ac
id
Aci
difi
catio
n of m
olyb
date
solu
tions
give
s pol
ymer
ic sp
ecie
s, of
w
hich
Mo7
0246
is
bel
ieve
d to
be th
e si
mpl
est t
o be
form
ed in
ap
prec
iabl
e am
ount
s. S
ee A
43, G
30
4-08
25
C
once
ntra
tion c
onst
ant;
I = 3(
NaC
IO4)
; fo
rmat
ion
of M
o7O
246 i
s im
port
ant e
ven
dow
n to
c =
6 x
10 M
Elc
g,h
S8
—.3
6 3-
89
25
1 =
3(N
aClO
4);
mor
e re
fine
d va
lues
from
dat
a gi
ven
in S
8 E
lcg,
h S9
4-00
4-
21
3-52
4-
84
3.57
4-
75
115
3-75
0-
9
03
0-8
20
22
22
21
25
22
22
1 =
0002
3; c
= 10
—i M
mol
ybda
te
I = 0-
1; fr
om e
lect
rom
igra
tion i
n N
aNO
3 so
lutio
ns
I = 0
1; fr
om e
lect
rom
igra
tion
in N
aCIO
4 sol
utio
ns
1=0-
465
pK fo
r pro
ton
addi
tion;
I 05
(NaG
IO4,
HC
1O4)
c =
l0 M
mol
ybda
te
pK fo
r pro
ton
addi
tion,
fro
m e
lect
rom
igra
tion i
n N
aNO
3 so
lu-
tions
pK
for p
roto
n ad
ditio
n, N
aClO
4 sol
utio
ns
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: N23
, S59
05
05
06
R24
C
22
Y9
R25
C22
122.
Mon
obro
mam
ine,
NH
2Br
6-39
1=
0 05
J7
123.
Mon
ochi
oram
ine,
NH
2C1
15
25
pKb;
est
imat
e ba
sed
on pK
-low
erin
g by
chlo
rine
subs
titut
ion
in
dial
kyla
min
es
W10
124.
(A
quo)
Neo
dym
ium
(III
) ion
, N
d 8-
5 9 8-43
25
25
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of N
d8 to
NdO
H2;
I =
3(N
aC1O
4)
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of N
d3; h
ydro
lysi
s of
"pur
e" sa
lts;
C =
0001
— 0
-01
M N
d2 (S
O4)
3 pK
a for
hyd
roly
sis of
Nd3
; titr
atio
n of
0-00
4--0
-009
M N
d(C
l04)
3 w
ith 0
-02
M B
a(O
H)s
; I =
0-3(
NaC
1O4)
E3b
, qui
n E
3ag
E3b
T10
M
38
F33a
125.
(A
quo)
Nep
tuni
um(I
V) i
on, N
p4
2-30
2-
49
25
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of N
p4; I
= 2(
NaC
1O4)
I =
2(N
aCIO
4);
D20
solu
tion
At l
ow a
cidi
ties,
pol
ymer
izat
ion b
ecom
es i
mpo
rtan
t
05
S76
126.
(A
quo)
Nep
tuni
um(V
) ion
, Np5
8-
9 pK
for N
p02
+ H
20
NpO
2OH
+ H
K
57
127.
(A
quo)
Nic
kel(
II) i
on, N
i2+
10
-22
10-0
5 9-
86
9-75
15
20
25
30
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of N
i2+
; I =
0-00
16 to
0-0
43;
extr
apol
ated
to
I = 0
by fi
tting
to e
xten
ded
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n E
3bg
P22
Nos
. 11
8—13
2
14.6
129.
Nitr
amid
e, N
o2N
H2
6•48
65
9 6•
5
Bas
ed o
n pK
= 71
7 fo
r o-n
itrop
heno
l Fo
r I =
0; c
= 00
02—
003
M
T13
B
92
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
9•58
36
94
3 42
89
4 25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Ni2
; I =
0007
to 0
55, e
xtra
pola
ted
to
1=0
E3b
g C
43
9•23
—9•
49
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of N
i2,
as n
itrat
e, s
ulph
ate,
chl
orid
e an
d pe
rchl
orat
e E
3bg
K65
9•4
30
1 0.
1 (K
C1)
E
3bg
C12
86
0 10
0 A
t 25
°, I
= 3(
NaC
lO4)
, an
d c =
01—
08 M
th
e m
ain
hydr
olys
ed sp
ecie
s is
Ni4
(OH
)44
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: AG
, D
23,
G12
, S25
KIN
K
69
B10
9
128.
Nio
bic a
cid,
H8N
b6O
19
1088
13
8 25
pl
C7,
pK
s; 1
= 3
(KC
I); c
= 00
5—01
4M in
nio
bate
E
3bh
N15
74
18
—20
ac
idic
pK
ba
sic p
K
BI
25
15
02
Cl
05
130.
Nitr
ic a
cid,
HN
O3
—12
7 25
M
olal
sca
le;
from
vap
our p
ress
ure a
nd ac
tivity
coe
ffic
ient
dat
a V
AP
DiG
fo
r 2—
14 M
HN
O3
—1•
19
25
Mol
ar sc
ale
—16
5 0
RA
MA
N
K61
—
1•37
25
—
1•24
50
—
1•68
0
NM
R
H69
—
1•44
25
—
1•18
70
—
1•32
26
±2
RA
MA
N
R13
—
1•53
25
M
olal
ca1
e; fr
om v
apou
r pre
ssur
e and
isop
iest
ic m
easu
rem
ents
; V
AP
112
—F3
1 50
2—
28 m
ol. k
g.—
' —
1•16
75
—1-
0 to
—1-
3 —
1-6
0 25
Fr
om v
apou
r pre
ssur
e ari
d ac
tivity
coe
ffic
ient
dat
a Fr
om
diel
ectr
ic c
onst
ant;
extr
apol
atin
g fr
om n
on-a
queo
us
VA
P K
2 W
34
solu
tions
—
1-44
—
2.09
25
25
A
ssum
ing
spec
ies
form
ed is
HN
O3.
3H20
C
alcu
late
d pK
for a
1:1
HN
O3 :
H20
spe
cies
R
AM
AN
an
d N
MR
H62
—3-
78
25
Cal
cula
ted p
K fo
r unh
ydra
ted
nitr
ic a
cid
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: H68
, K
52, M
7, N
23a,
P23
, R12
, W
33
Ref
. H49
a giv
es an
equa
tion
fitti
ng lit
erat
ure v
alue
s of p
K fr
om
00 t
o 30
00
For
Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion
of H
NO
3, se
e B
12,
D19
, D21
(in
pr
esen
ce of
LiN
O3
and
NaN
O3)
, L13
(in
pre
senc
e of
NaC
1O4)
, an
d P1
1.
For
(Jo)
aci
dity
fun
ctio
n of
HN
O3,
see
D27
Fo
r HR
* ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
HN
O3,
see
Y4.
131.
Nitr
ous
acid
, H
NO
2 3-
230
3-20
3 15
20
Fo
r I =
0; e
xtra
pola
ted
from
resu
lts in
001
M N
aNO
2, 0
-03M
N
aNO
3, an
d 0-
21 M
NaC
1O4
E3b
g L
47
3-11
3 35
3.
49
0 1 =
0-00
1 01
K
27
3.34
12
5 3-
22
30
3-46
0
I = 0-
002;
usi
ng fl
owin
g so
lutio
ns
01
S15
3-29
25
3-
15
50
3-14
8 3-
15
25
20
1 =
0-04
to
2-0
(NaC
1O4)
; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I = 0
"P
ract
ical
" con
stan
t; I =
0012
E
3bg
E3b
g L4
8 B
83
3.26
25
Fo
r I =
0; fr
om I
= 0-
17,
assu
min
g y÷
= 0-
773
KIN
L
27
3-29
2-
80
—8-
1
25
25
25
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
; I = 0
.07(
NaC
IO4)
I =
l(NaC
1O4)
pK
for n
itros
oniu
m i
on (
NO
+) f
orm
atio
n fro
m H
NO
2, u
sing
H
func
tion
for H
C1O
4 so
lutio
ns
05
06
V4
D28
—7-
86
20
pK fo
r nitr
oson
ium
ion
(NO
) for
mat
ion
from
HN
O2,
usi
ng C
0 fu
nctio
n fo
r H2S
04 so
lutio
ns
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A33
, B22
, B
59,
D33
, L26
, Ri!
, S23
06
S37
132.
Oct
amin
otet
raph
osph
azen
e, N
4P4(
NH
2)8
5-22
7-
55
25
1=0
E
FlO
5-
IS
7-50
25
1=
0 E
Fl
i
Nos
. 13
3—14
4
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
133.
Ort
hoph
osph
oiic
aci
d, se
e Ph
osph
oric
aci
d
134.
Osm
ic a
cid,
H20
s05
12-0
14
-5
25
App
aren
t pK
val
ues;
1
1; t
he n
eutr
al
spec
ies
is m
ainl
y os
miu
m te
trox
ide
07
SIl
120
<15
25
D
IST
RIB
—
40
12-1
25
25
E
stim
ated
true
pK
of o
smic
aci
d D
istr
ibut
ion b
etw
een
CC
14 a
nd w
ater
D
IST
RIB
Y
12
135.
Osm
ium
tetr
oxid
e, se
e O
smic
aci
d
136.
oc-
Oxy
hypo
nitr
ous
acid
, H2N
203
2-51
9-
70
1 Fo
r I =
0; f
rom
I = 0
02 to
1-0
E
3bg
S75
137.
(A
quo)
PaJ
iadi
um(I
I) io
n, P
d 13
-0
12-8
12
-4
14-1
25
25
St
epw
ise p
Kb
valu
es fo
r Pd
2 E
3bg
06
124
138.
Par
amol
ybdi
c ac
id, s
ee H
epta
mol
ybdi
c ac
id
139.
Per
bori
c ac
id
7-91
25
A
ppar
ent p
K fo
r H3B
O3
+ H
202
H +
(HsB
Os.
HsO
s);
I = 0
; fro
m r
esul
ts i
n 01
M K
C1
E3c
g A
24
7-71
25
A
ppar
ent p
K fo
r H3B
03 +
2H
202
H +
(HQ
BO
S.2H
202)
; 1=
0 <
8 0
c =
0-02
—00
7 M
bor
ate
DIS
TR
IB
M25
7-
77
18
140.
Per
chio
ric
acid
, HC
IO4
From
R
aman
spe
ctro
scop
y,
the
diss
ocia
tion
cons
tant
is gr
eate
r th
an 3
8 Pe
rchi
oric
aci
d is
com
plet
ely d
isso
ciat
ed u
p to
6—S
M
From
Ram
an s
pect
rosc
opy,
pe
rchi
oric
aci
d is
com
plet
ely
dis-
so
ciat
ed u
p to
10
M
1i49
A16
C
35
—2•
4 to
—31
25
V
AP
K2
—21
2 25
A
ssum
ing
spec
ies
is H
C1O
4.7H
20
RA
MA
N,
H62
N
MR
—
48
25
Ass
umin
g spe
cim
is H
C1O
43H
2O
—16
1 10
M
olal
sca
le;
vapo
ur p
ress
ure
and
isop
iest
ic
mea
sure
men
ts;
VA
P 11
2
—F5
4 01
—14
mol
kg1
—
1•47
40
—
170
0 N
MR
11
69
—1•
58
25
—l•
42
70
—7
The
oret
ical
pred
ictio
n (R
icci
's m
etho
d)
G24
—
8 T
heor
etic
al pr
edic
tion
(Pau
ling'
s met
hod)
—
7.3
The
oret
ical
pred
ictio
n K
52
—86
T
heor
etic
al pr
edic
tion
S29
—14
pK
of H
2C1O
4+; t
heor
etic
al p
redi
ctio
n O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: H
68, W
33
For
Ham
met
t ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
HC
IO4,
see
B66
, D
21
(in
pres
ence
of L
iC1O
4 an
d N
aClO
4)
H20
, H22
, P1
1, P
17,
Y8.
Fo
r H
R(J
o) a
cidi
ty f
unct
ion
of H
C1O
4 se
e D
27
For H
* ac
idity
func
tion
of 11
0104
see
Y4
For
H_
acid
ity f
unct
ion
of H
C1O
4 se
e B
69
For H
acid
ity f
unct
ion
of H
C1O
4 se
e H
60
141.
Per
chio
ryl a
mid
e, H
2NC
1O3
3.7
86
Titr
atio
n of
0015
M d
ipot
assi
um sa
lt w
ith 0
4 N
min
eral
aci
ds
E3b
g M
10
142.
Per
chro
mic
aci
d, H
2CrO
5 43
0 22
49
5 22
A
lso
K =
1•4
for H
2CrO
4 +
H20
2 H
2CrO
S +
H20
A
lso
K =
073
for H
2CrO
4 +
H20
2 H
2CrO
S +
1120
E
3ag
05
F20
143.
Per
hydr
oxyl
radi
cal,
see
Hyd
rope
roxy
radi
cal
144.
Per
iodi
c ac
id, H
5106
16
4 83
6 14
98
25
155
827
25
2•23
80
1 10
2•
21
8O1
20
2•20
8•
02
30
c =
10'
M pe
riod
ate
I = 00
06 to
001
; c =
000
5—00
08 M
per
ioda
te;
Deb
ye-H
Uck
el
equa
tion
for e
xtra
pola
tion
I = 0.
2 to
13
(NaN
O3)
; ext
rapo
late
d ag
ains
t I
05
E3b
g
E,q
uin
C38
N
8
121
Nos
. 14
5—15
6
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
221
804
40
222
807
50
834
0 8•
33
25
c =
0002
—00
5 M p
erio
date
; ta
king
K =
2400
for d
imer
izat
ion c
onst
ant o
f per
ioda
te d
iani
on
E3b
B
107
843
45
125
16
——
08
—10
Titr
atio
n of 0
2 M
K2H
3102
pK
for H
5106
+ H
I(
OH
)6+
va
lue
pred
icte
d by
Ric
ci's
met
hod
Tru
e pK
valu
es o
f H51
06 h
ave
been
cal
cula
ted
from
exp
eri-
m
enta
l res
ults
by
assu
min
g K
= 40
for H
4IO
2H
20 +
IOC
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: C
37, L
ii, R
36
For
Ho
acid
ity fu
nctio
n of
aque
ous p
erio
dic
acid
see
D18
E3b
g 06
S6
1 M
32
C37
145.
Per
man
gani
c ac
id,
HM
nO4
—22
5 25
T
n H
CIO
4 so
lutio
ns
06
B5
146.
Per
oxyd
ideu
teri
omon
osui
phur
ic ac
id, D
2S05
10
40
19
InD
2O
K72
147.
Per
oxyd
ipho
spho
ric a
cid,
H4P
203
518
767
25
I = 0
01
to
1;
extr
apol
ated
ag
ains
t $,
NM
e4
salt
titra
ted
with
HC
1 E
3bg
C39
—03
0.
5 es
timat
es,
by a
nalo
gy w
ith s
imila
r aci
ds
148.
Per
oxym
onop
hosp
hori
c aci
d, H
3P05
ii
5•5
128
25
13
—.4
•85
25
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
s; I
(f
or K
i) 0
14
(for
K
2),
-..0
•15
(for
K3)
I
15
05
KIN
B21
F24
12•5
35
8 K
IN
K53
149.
Per
oym
onos
u1pb
uric
aci
d, H
2S05
10
25
A
NA
LY
T M
41
0•7
75
9•3
25
9•4
25
I 02
1>
1;
poor
end
poin
t; de
com
posi
tion
E3b
g E
3bg
G36
B
9
150.
Per
oxyn
itrou
s ac
id,
H0.
ON
O
<6
155.
Pho
spho
rain
idic
aci
d, se
e A
mid
opho
spho
ric a
cid
156.
Pho
spho
ric
acid
, H3P
04
2056
20
73
2•08
8 2•
107
2127
2•
148
2171
21
96
2224
22
51
2277
23
08
2338
Y2
23
151.
Per
rhen
ic a
cid,
HR
CO
4 —
1•25
25
In
HC
1O4
solu
tions
06
B
5
152.
Per
tech
netic
aci
d, H
TcO
4 03
—
15
254
Pred
icte
d fr
om p
K v
alue
s of
HR
eO4(
—
(—_2
.25)
1.
25)
and
HM
nO4
R39
C
26
153.
Per
xeni
c ac
id, H
4XeO
6
105
24
Est
imat
e c =
0003
M
E3b
g 05
A30
154.
Pho
sphi
ne, P
H3
29
28
27
pK f
or P
H3
± H
20
PHs
pK1
for P
H4
+ O
H- P
H3+
+ H
30;
isot
ope
H20
ex
chan
ge
KIN
W
16
0 1
= 0
01 t
o 03
1; e
xtra
pola
ted
to I =
0 5 10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
pKi =
7993
1f T
— 4
5535
+ 0
0134
86T
(Tin
°K
) T
herm
odyn
amic
valu
es a
re d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
Fo
r I =
0 21
20
7227
12
465
18
2161
72
07
1232
5 25
Elc
h B
14
E3a
h B
57
Nos
. 15
6—16
0
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K v
alue
T
(°C
) -
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
7165
12
180
37
2•23
2 2•
048
2076
21
24
2•18
5 2•
260
2•17
2 2l
26
2•12
8 19
83
2•12
21
5 20
1 18
8 —
1•
77
c 1•
58
C
0•3
I = 0
01
to 0
10;
extr
apol
ated
usi
ng D
ebye
-Huc
kel e
quat
ion
Elc
h N
22
125
25
37.5
50
25
H
50
25
ForI
=0
Cl
M17
25
C
M
2 72
07
20
25
25
For I =
0 Fo
r I =
0 c =
0005
8 M
; 1
atm
osph
ere
500
atm
osph
ere
1000
atm
osph
ere
1500
atm
osph
ere
2000
atm
osph
ere
E3a
h S3
1 C
AL
OR
IMI1
3 C
l E
12
7•31
31
0 I =
002
to
045;
ext
rapo
late
d us
ing
Deb
ye-H
ücke
l equ
atio
n;
Ela
B
15,
B16
72
817
5 c =
0003
—00
9 M (
NaH
2PO
4 or
KH
2PO
4),
7253
7 10
00
03—
006
M(N
a2H
PO4)
; 7•
2312
72
130
15
20
0003
—00
9 M
(NaC
1)
7•19
76
25
7'18
91
30
7185
0 35
71
809
40
7•18
09
45
7l83
1 50
71
870
55
7194
4 60
B
etw
een
00 an
d 50
°,
pl(s
= 20
730/
T—
5988
4 +
0020
912T
(T
in °
K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic va
lues
are
deri
ved
from
the
resu
lts
7•21
78
20
1=00
13 to
O16
6, ex
trap
olat
ed to
l=0;
E
ta
N21
72
058
25
c =
003
and
006
M N
a2H
PO4,
7•
1973
30
00
4 an
d 00
6 M
NaH
2PO
4, 00
3 an
d 00
6 M
NaC
1
7•19
18
35
7189
0 40
71
888
45
7191
2 50
7•
2797
5
1 =
002
4 to
0108
; ext
rapo
late
d to
I =
0;
Ela
G
45
7•25
25
10
c 00
06—
0026
M K
H2P
O4,
72
305
15
0003
—00
13 M
KN
aHPO
4, 0
010—
0043
M N
aC1
7212
9 20
72
004
25
7l90
2 30
71
828
35
7•17
83
40
7175
8 45
71
764
50
pK2
1775
812/
T—
3976
2 +
0017
5089
T (
Tin
°K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic va
lues
are
deri
ved
from
the
resu
lts
7198
8 25
I =
003
to 0
25; e
xtra
pola
ted
to I =
0
Ela
E
19
7189
l 30
7•
1814
35
7•
1777
40
7•
1776
45
7•
1796
50
7•
1859
55
71
918
60
Res
ults
are
also
give
n for
10%
and
20%
met
hano
l-w
ater
solu
tions
T
herm
odyn
amic
valu
es ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
72
1 60
E
,g
C44
72
4 70
7•
24
80
7•24
90
12
375
25
1 =
001
to 0
51;
extr
apol
ated
to
I = 0;
tak
ing
pK =
1032
9 03
V
2 fo
r HC
03
For
valu
es o
f pK
i in
H20
fD20
mix
ture
s, se
e S3
Fo
r va
lues
of p
K2
in H
20/D
20 m
ixtu
res,
see
R38
O
n th
e ass
umpt
ion t
hat s
ome H
3P04
dim
eriz
es to
H6P
204
in st
rong
E
17
solu
tions
, a p
Ki
valu
e of
052
is
deri
ved
for
the
latte
r fr
om
cond
ucta
nce m
easu
rem
ents
Nos
. 15
7—16
5
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
:A1,
B58
, B
82,
B88
, B
98,
BlO
l, G
20, C
27,
Dl,
D38
, ES,
F27
, G
i, G
44, G
46, H
il, 11
2, J2
0,J2
1, K
41, K
48,
K68
, L
8, L
45,
L46
, M8,
M9a
, M
27,
M28
, M
48,
P38,
P4
0,
R38
, S32
, S3
9, S
43,
S49,
T6,
W12
Fo
r Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion o
f H3P
04, s
ee D
37, G
17 a
nd G
18
(tem
pera
ture
rang
e), H
48,
L13
(in
the
pre
senc
e of
NaG
1O4)
, P1
1 Fo
r Ho'
, Ho"
, HR
and
Hit'
acid
ity f
unct
ions
of H
3P04
, see
A36
157.
Pho
spho
ric
tria
mid
e, P
O(N
H2)
3 <
36
25
c =
Ohs
E
Fl
O
158.
Pho
spho
rous
aci
d, H
3P03
19
4 67
3 c
001—
004M
; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I =
0 T
2 —
48
670
120
670
>14
18
20
Fo
r I =
0 Fo
r I =
0; m
easu
rem
ents
at th
ree
conc
entr
atio
ns w
ere
assu
med
to
fit
a cu
rve,
pK
= pK
o +
aP
E,q
uin
E3a
h K
41
F30
—50
20
c =
hi H
3P03
in H
2S04
; phe
nolp
htha
lein
cat
ion
as in
dica
tor
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B58
, G
44, M
48,
N26
Fo
r Ham
met
t aci
dity
func
tion o
f H3P
O3,
see
B12
06
159.
(A
quo)
Plu
toni
um(I
II) i
on, P
u3
7•22
25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Pu3
; I =
007
(H
C1O
4)
E3b
g K
58
7.37
25
1 =
002
(H
G!)
160.
(A
quo)
Plu
toni
uni(
IV) i
on, P
u4
1•77
0
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of P
u4; I
= 2(
NaC
1O4)
R
3 15
1 12
.5
127
25
141
15
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of Pu
4+; I =
2(L
iC1O
4, H
C1O
4)
RE
DO
X
R2
126
25
106
344
151
160
25
25
I = I (
NaC
!04)
1
= 05
(NaC
IO4)
R
ED
OX
06
R
6 K
58
070
25
ForI
=0
- 19
17
3 19
4 16
10
5
154
25
25
25
25
I=2(
NaC
1O4)
In D
20,
I = 2(
NaC
1O4)
I =
1.1
(NaC
1)
In D
s0; I
= I (
NaC
lO4)
06
06
KIN
R5
H58
R
4
161.
(Aqu
o) P
luto
nium
(V) i
on, Pu
02
9•6
9•7
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of P
uO2;
I =
0003
(H
G!)
I
0003
(HC
IO4)
E
3b
K55
162.
(A
quo)
Plu
tony
l ion
, Pu0
22
3.39
52
5 9-
52
333
405
571
571
9-7
53
20
25
Succ
essi
ve p
Kva
lues
for h
ydro
lysi
s of P
u022
; (Pu
O2)
2(0H
)3
and
(PuO
2)2(
0H);
are
als
o fo
rmed
pK
val
ues f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of P
uO22
in d
ilute
HN
O3
pK v
alue
s fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
Pu0
22,
igno
ring
pol
ynuc
lear
co
mpl
exes
SOL
Y
E3a
g E
,g
M49
K62
K
54
01
163.
Pol
ypho
spho
ric
acid
, H62
P600
181.
See
als
o Hex
adec
a-, H
exa-
, Tn-
and T
etra
-pol
ypho
spho
ric a
cids
72
2 81
7 25
C
once
ntra
tion c
onst
ants
; I =
1 (N
Me4
Br)
;f as
sum
ed sa
me a
s E
3bg
112
for H
Br
728
803
37
Con
cent
ratio
n con
stan
ts, a
s ab
ove
7-28
80
3 50
164.
(A
quo)
Pot
assi
um io
n, K
—
20 to
—2-
S 25
pK
b Fo
r pK
val
ues
of K
OH
in s
uper
heat
ed s
team
bet
wee
n 40
0 an
d 70
00, w
ith d
ensi
ties f
rom
0-3
to 0
8 g/
cm3,
see
F26
Fo
r H
— a
cidi
ty f
unct
ion
of K
OH
see
S34,
Yl
VA
P K
2
165.
(A
quo)
Pra
seod
ymiu
m(I
II) i
on, P
r3
85
855
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of P
r3 to
Pr0
H2;
1 =
3(N
aC1O
4)
25
pKa f
or hy
drol
ysis
of P
r3; t
itrat
ion o
f 0-0
04—
0-00
9 M P
r(C
104)
3 w
ith O
02M
Ba(
OH
)2; I
= 0-
3 (N
aC1O
4)
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of Pr
3+; h
ydro
lysi
s of
"pur
e" sa
lts; c
= 00
01—
00
25M
Pr2
(S04
)s
E3b
,qui
n T
10
E3b
F3
3a
E3a
g M
38
E3b
g Il
l
Nos
. 1G
3—16
9
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
166.
(Aqu
o) P
roto
actin
ium
(IV
) ion
, Pa4
0.
14
038
I 25
—
Suc
cess
ive pK
valu
es fo
r hyd
roly
sis
to P
aOH
3, P
a(O
H)s
2 an
d Pa
(OH
)s+
; I =
3(H
C1O
4, L
iCIO
4)
DIS
TR
IB G
48
167.
(A
quo)
Pro
toac
tiniu
m(V
) ion
, Pa5
10
5 25
pK
for P
a(O
H)3
2+ +
H20
Pa
(OH
)4 +
H; I
3(
LiC
1O4
HC
1O4)
D
IST
RIB
G47
168.
Pyr
opho
spho
ric a
cid,
H4P
207
2•28
67
0 9.
37
25
For
1 0
E3b
g N
9 95
3 25
I =
000
5 to
003
5; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I =
0 E
3bh
W24
9•
57
40
9.39
18
Fo
r I =
0; c
alcu
late
d fro
m m
easu
red p
H va
lues
of pa
irs o
f E
3ah
K44
sa
lts o
n pr
ogre
ssiv
e di
lutio
n; c
orre
cted
for
hyd
roly
sis
657
962
25
ForI
= 0
;I=
= O
OO
l5to
O00
19 (f
orK
3)I=
000
4to0
018
E3b
g M
42
(for
K4)
; ac
tivity
coe
ffic
ient
s ca
lcul
ated
by
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l eq
uatio
n 67
0 98
8 30
Fo
r 1
0; s
alts
adde
d to
sodi
um py
roph
osph
ate,
HC
I mix
ture
s E
3ah
M47
to
var
y I
(0.0
015
to 0
24 fo
r K3,
002
l to
034
for
K4)
; ex
tra-
po
latio
n us
ing
Deb
ye-H
Uck
el
equa
tion
1.52
2.
36
660
925
25
For 1
0
E3b
g D
15
0.44
25
Fo
r I
0 C
AL
OR
IM 1
13
227
663
929
25
For 1
0;
ext
rapo
late
d fro
m r
esul
ts f
or I
001
(K sa
lt),
E3b
g B
40
usin
g D
ebye
-Huc
kel e
quat
ion
264
676
942
25
NM
e4 sa
lt sol
utio
ns; e
xtra
pola
tion
to I =
0 ag
ains
t (con
cen.
E
3bg
L6
trat
ion)
*; P
2O7
form
s co
mpl
exes
with
K+
, Na+
and
Li+
22
2 63
6 91
1 25
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nts;
I 01
(N
Me4
CI)
; 08
2 1.
81
6.13
89
3 25
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nts;
1
1(N
Me4
C1)
; pK
1 va
lue
is e
xper
i-
men
tally
unc
erta
in
2.3
25
617
908
0 C
once
ntra
tion c
onst
ants
;f±
ass
umed
E
3bg
Ill
22
23
603
897
10
sam
e as
for
HB
r; I
01
(N
Me4
Br)
; th
e pK
i va
lues
are
un
cert
ain
20
20
6•12
89
5 25
I =
01
1•9
l•95
G
•13
8•94
37
I =
01
1•7
l•97
6•
12
8•93
37
1=
O2
17
191
608
888
37
1= 0
3 19
1•
98
613
8•97
50
1=
01
13
192
6•06
89
0 50
I =
02
12
212
6.04
88
8 50
1=
03
1•3
212
6•16
8•
92
65
1 =
01
12
217
601
8•72
65
1=
10
088
200
628
910
25
Prob
ably
"pr
actic
al"
cons
tant
s; N
Me4
pyr
opho
spha
te so
lu-
tions
: I =
005
(NM
e4B
r); v
alue
s of p
Kj
are
expe
rim
enta
lly
unce
rtai
n
E3b
g M
35
0.84
19
6 61
2 9•
01
1=01
0 0•
82
183
605
8•87
I =
042
0.79
17
2 5•
76
871
1 =
100
1•04
2•
04
6•37
91
8 50
1=
005
0.95
19
9 63
4 91
1 1=
010
0•86
1•
82
590
8•77
I =
0•42
08
3 1•
64
574
864
1= 1
14
1•14
2•
55
638
9•26
60
1=
0.05
10
5 20
2 63
3 91
9 I =
010
09
8 09
8 1•
76
1•60
5.
94
5•72
8•
79
8•62
1=
042
1= 1
14
" 1.
04
1•97
6•
26
9•23
65
I =
005
097
194
6•26
9•
16
I = 01
0 09
2 17
1 59
0 87
7 I =
042
091
1•54
5•
72
861
1 =
114
1.00
1•
91
617
916
70
1=00
5 0.
94
1•89
6•
14
9•06
1=
010
089
166
587
8•71
I =
042
O•9
7 15
0 57
2 8•
58
I = 11
4 09
7
2•5
--47
2•12
27
F75
584
568
60
598
801
8•00
83
87
4
• 65
5 27
4 25
25
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
s; c
= 0
08—
018M
pyro
phos
phat
e "P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nts;
I =
075(
NaN
O3)
Pr
obab
ly "
prac
tical
" co
nsta
nts;
I = 0
1(N
aNO
s)
Con
cent
ratio
n cons
tant
s:1 =
1 (N
Me4
Br)
; N
Me4
+ p
yrop
hos-
E3b
E
3bg
E3b
g E
3bg
M4
Y3
J8
112
252
608
561
8•45
7•
68
20
25
phat
e so
lutio
ns; f±
ass
umed
sam
e as
for
HB
r "P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nts;
1=
01(K
C1)
"P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nts;
I =
1 (K
NO
3)
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: Al,
F26,
K22
, K35
, M48
, M58
, 014
E3b
h E
3bg
S35
W6
169.
(A
quo)
Rho
dium
(I1I
) 3.
43
pK
spec
ies for
Rh3
R
hOH
2 +
H;
c =
000
15M
; po
lym
eriz
ed
E3b
g F2
2 pr
obab
ly fo
rm sl
owly
Nos
. 17
0—17
6
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
2'92
20
3•
40
25
3.20
45
30
8 60
1 =
1 (N
aC1O
4);
brid
ged
com
plex
es pr
obab
ly fo
rm sl
owly
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Rh3
; hyd
roly
sis o
f "pu
re"
salts
05
E
3ag
C28
S8
2a
170.
Rut
heni
um te
trox
ide,
see
Dip
erru
then
ic a
cid
171.
(A
quo)
Sam
ariu
m(I
II) i
on, S
m3
834
25
pKa f
or hy
drol
ysis
of S
m3+
; titr
atio
n of 0
004—
0009
M S
m(C
l04)
s w
ith 0
02 M
Ba(
OH
)2; I
= 03
(NaC
1O4)
E
3b
F33a
172.
(A
quo)
Sca
ndiu
m(I
II) io
n, S
c3
4.93
25
509
10
441
40
4•61
25
5•
1 51
25
511
25
pKfo
r hyd
roly
sis
of Sc
3; I
1(N
aCIO
4); c
00
01—
0O2M
Sc
(C10
4)a;
als
o log
K =
387
for 2
Sc0H
2 Sc
s(O
H)2
4+
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of S
c3; I
= 1 (
NaC
1O4)
; lo
g K
for d
imer
izat
ion i
s 35
3 at
100
, 333
at 4
0°
1= 0
01
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
Sc3
to S
c0H
2 an
d Sc
(OH
)s+
; I =
1(N
aC1O
4); t
he m
ain
spec
ies
are
poly
nucl
ear
spec
ies,
Sc
{(0H
)sSc
]n(S
H; f
rom
re-
exam
inat
ion
of d
ata
of
M. K
ilpat
rick
and
L. P
okra
s, J.
Elect
roch
em.
Soc.
100
, 85
(195
3);
101,
39
(195
4)
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of S
c3; I
= 1 (N
aClO
4); a
lso
— lo
gK =
614
for 2
Sc3
+ 21
120
Sc2(
0H)2
4 +
2H
; lo
gK =
1300
for 3
Sc3
+ 41
120
Sca(
OH
)45+
+ 4
Ht
— lo
gK =
17•4
7 fo
r 3Sc
3 +
5H
20
Scs(
OH
)54+
+ 5
H.
E3a
,qui
n
E3a
,qui
n
E3b
g
K19
K20
B47
A42
a
173.
Sel
enic
aci
d, H
2SeO
4 13
6 0
1 46
10
15
2 15
1•
58
20
166
25
173
30
1 =
0007
to 0
019;
ext
rapo
late
d to
I = 0
usin
g D
avie
s' e
quat
ion
Elc
h N
4
182
35
189
40
196
45
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies a
re d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
. F8
3 0
Ext
rapo
late
d to
I =
0, u
sing
the
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l lim
iting
E
lc,q
uin
P5
1 84
5 5
expr
essi
on f
or a
ctiv
ity c
oeff
icie
nts
1•86
10
18
7 15
19
0 20
19
2 25
19
5 30
1 70
to 1
78
25
Rec
alcu
latio
n of
dat
a by
V.
S.
K.
Nai
r (J
. In
org.
N
ucle
ar
C33
C
hew
., 26
, 19
11
(196
4)),
us
ing
an e
xten
ded
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l eq
uatio
n; th
e va
lue
of pK
2 is
sen
sitiv
e to
the
cho
ice
of io
n si
ze
para
met
er
For H
0 va
lues
of s
elen
ic ac
id,
see
Ml a
, W5a
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: G
i 6
174.
Sel
enio
us ac
id, H
2SeO
3 26
2 83
2 25
Fo
r I
0 E
,g
H6
254
802
18
Titr
atio
n of
QO
4ss
H2S
eO3
E3b
g B
88
242
808
E3b
g R
40
240
806
c =
OO
SM
H2S
eO3;
adde
d N
aOH
04
W
19
2•46
25
C
l R
27
240
OO
1N so
lutio
ns
04
264
827
25
I = 01
(KC
1);
conc
entr
atio
n co
nsta
nts
E3b
g K
lOa
Val
ues
are
also
giv
en fo
r met
hano
l-, e
than
ol-,
and
2-p
ropa
nol-
w
ater
mix
ture
s 23
3 25
co
ncen
trat
ion c
onst
ant, I =
01
DIS
TR
IB S
38a
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B58
, G
20
175.
Sel
enoc
yani
c ac
id, H
SeC
N
25
from
hyd
roly
sis
of sa
lts
E,g
B
67a
<1
176.
Sili
cic
acid
, H4S
iO4
9.77
25
pK
1 ex
trap
olat
ed ag
ains
t I to
I =
0 SO
LY
G
41
97O
35
98
5 11
8
20
pKi,
pI(s
; cal
cula
ted
from
pub
lishe
d e.
m.f
. dat
a;
G40
Nos
. 17
7—18
1
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
97
119
25
I = 0'
02 to
004
; ext
rapo
late
d ag
ains
t Ito
1 =
0 9•
1 11
9 30
99
25
C
l 95
1 1l
77
25
pKi,p
K2
E3b
h 03
966
1170
94
114
30
20
pKi,p
K2;
pKs—
.pK
4-.1
2 pK
i, pK2; p
I(3
= 13
7 E
3ah
E,g
,h
F15
M29
99
1 25
pKi; H4SiO4 prepared by hydrolysis of it
s met
hyl e
ster
; 1
0 Cl
S26
946
9.3
25
60
pJCi; I =
05 (NaC1O4)
In 001M borax solutions; eq
uilib
rate
d w
ith p
owde
red
quar
tz
E SOLY
B50a
V3
9•1
70
9•1
80
91
90
91
100
92
90
In unbuffered solutions of alkali
SOLY
8•83
346
160 atmospheres
SOLY
V47
932
1033
355
364
180 atmospheres
200 atmospheres
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B62
, 11
3, H
10, H
27, 1
3 (in 05 M N
aCl)
, J18, L
2 (i
n 05
M N
aC1O
4 an
d 3M
NaC
lO4)
, M55
(col
loid
al si
licic
ac
id),
R27
(co
lloid
al s
ilici
c ac
id)
177.
(A
quo)
Silv
er io
n, A
g >
111
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of A
g; I
= 1(
AgN
O3)
H
ydro
lysi
s of
Ag
give
s A
gOH
, Ag(
OH
)2
and
poss
ibly
pol
y-
nucl
ear
spec
ies
E,g
B
46
3•50
360
25
25
log
K fo
r Ag
+ 2
0H
Ag(
OH
)s;I
= 3
(NaC
1O4)
; no
ap
prec
iabl
e am
ount
s of A
gOH
for
med
I =
3(N
aClO
4)
DIS
TR
IB
SOL
Y
A27
3.99
25
lo
g K
for A
g +
20H
A
g(O
H)2
SO
LY
B
50
3•64
121
3•02
25
25
25
log
K f
or A
g +
2011
—
Ag(
OH
)2;
calc
ulat
ed f
rom
dat
a gi
ven
inJl
O
Est
imat
ed p
K o
f AgO
H
Ag0
+ H
I
1 (N
aC1O
4);
log
K fo
r Ag
+ O
H—
A
gOH
SOL
Y
SOL
Y
SOL
Y
R14
JI0
G45
a
469
log
K fo
r Ag
+ 20
11-
Ag(
OH
)2
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
C
lO,
F5,
G49
, K50
, L21
, L39
.
00
178.
(A
quo)
Sod
ium
ion,
Na
—0-
81
—0-
81
—0-
77
—0-
88
—0-
81
—0-
45
—0-
46
—0-
57
—0-
72
—0-
62
—1-
9
5 pK
i; I =
0-02
to
01; f
calc
ulat
ed u
sing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n;
15
e.m
.f. d
ata o
f H. S
. Har
ned a
nd G
. E. M
annw
eile
r, J.
Am.
Che
m.
Soc.
, 57,
187
3 (1
935)
25
35
pKa;
I =
002
to 0
4; f±
calc
ulat
ed u
sing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n;
e.m
f. d
ata o
f H. S
. Har
ned
and W
.J. H
amer
, J. A
m. C
henz
. Soc
., 55
, 449
6 (1
933)
25
pK
25
pKb
For
alka
linity
func
tion
for N
aOH
solu
tions
, see
M40
Fo
r in
dica
tor a
cidi
ty f
unct
ion H
. for
NaO
H so
lutio
ns, s
ee E
4,
S34,
Yl
For J
fun
ctio
n fo
r NaO
H so
lutio
ns se
e B
68,
G32
CA
T,K
IN B
31
VA
P K
2
_ 17
9. (
Aqu
o)
180.
(Aqu
o)
0-78
Stan
nous
ion,
see
(Aqu
o) T
in(I
I) io
n
Stro
ntiu
m i
on, S
r2+
0-80
08
2 0-
86
5 15
25
35
pK o
f Sr0
H; I
= 00
2 to
01
; f±
calc
ulat
ed u
sing
Dav
ies'
eq
uatio
n; f
rom
e.m
.f.
data
due
to
H.
S. H
arne
d an
d T
. R
. Pa
xton
, J. P
hys.
Che
m.,
57, 5
31 (
1953
)
Elc
h G
26
089
45
082
023
0-96
25
25
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies a
re d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
pK
b of
Sr0
H; c
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; c =
02 —
1N(S
rCI2
an
d Sr
(N0g
)); s
alt e
ffec
t on
indi
cato
r pK
a of
Sr0
H; I
3(
Na0
104)
1
0.02
to
0065
; ex
trap
olat
ion
to I
= 0
usin
g D
avie
s'
equa
tion;
solu
bilit
y of
Sr(
I0a)
2 in
NaO
H so
lutio
ns
03
E2a
h SO
LY
K39
C7
C29
181.
Sul
pham
ic a
cid,
NH
2SO
3H
1-03
1-
02
099
099
10
15
20
25
For
I = 0;
in
mos
t of t
he c
ells
, co
ncen
trat
ion
of N
H2S
O3H
, N
H2S
O3N
a an
d N
aCI
wer
e ap
prox
imat
ely
the
sam
e (0
005—
O
OS4
M)
Ela
K
23
0-98
30
45 5 15
25
35
45
Elc
h G
26
Elc
h
No.
182
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
098
35
100
40
1025
45
10
4 50
0-
979—
1013
1.
00
058
25
25
95
For I
0;
val
ue v
arie
s slig
htly
with
met
hod
of ca
lcul
atio
n Fo
r 1
0 I =
1(N
aClO
)
Cl
C1,
Rld
K
IN
S65
T5
C2
182.
Sul
phur
ic a
cid,
H2S
04
158
0 pK
2; I =
0005
to
002;
y±
cal
cula
ted
from
ext
ende
d D
ebye
- E
lch
N5
1433
5
Huc
kel e
quat
ion;
val
ues
of pK
2 ar
e se
nsiti
ve t
o th
e pa
ram
eter
s 18
0 15
us
ed in
the
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n 1•
96
25
209
35
222
45
191
18
pK2;
for
I 0;
re-
exam
inat
ion
of li
tera
ture
val
ues
obta
ined
K
15
©
199
25
from
con
duct
ivity
data
2•
28
50
176
5 pK
2; I
= 00
1 to
004
; ex
trap
olat
ed u
sing
ext
ende
d D
ebye
- E
lch
Dli
180
10
Huc
kel e
quat
ion
1434
15
19
2 20
19
9 25
2•
05
30
2•11
35
2•
17
40
2•30
50
1 .
0 1
= 0;
from
publ
ishe
d con
duct
ivity
data
, usi
ng lim
iting
Ons
ager
eq
uatio
n 1
68
0 1
= 0;
from
pub
lishe
d fr
eezi
ng po
int d
epre
ssio
n da
ta
FP
1•90
10
pK
2; fo
r I =
0 E
2bg
K21
20
0 20
20
4 25
2l
3 30
2•
17
35
2•22
40
I 98
7 25
Fo
r 1
0; re
-exa
min
atio
n of l
itera
ture
val
ues f
rom
con
duct
o-
D44
m
etry
, spe
ctro
phot
omet
ry an
d po
tent
iom
etry
19
75
25
For I =
0; A
g/A
gC1
elec
trod
e re
plac
ed b
y H
g/H
g2SO
4;
ion
Elc
h C
34
para
met
er in
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n ta
ken
as 1
9 19
4 25
Fo
r I
0; A
g2SO
4 in
NaC
1O4/
HC
IO4
solu
tions
SO
LY
K
13
199
25
RA
MA
N
Y13
18
9 25
p1
(2; I =
0; m
olal
sca
le;
solu
bilit
y of
Ag2
SO4
in d
ilute
H2S
04
SOL
Y
L31
23
7 50
pl
otte
d as
func
tion
of io
nic
stre
ngth
2•
70
75
301
100
333
125
369
150
409
175
449
200
494
225
PK2 =
128
3108
/T — 1
2319
95 + 004223215 T (T in
°K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic va
lues
are
deri
ved
from
the
resu
lts
260
100
pK2; molar scale; at density of 1
g.cm3; values at lower
Cl
Q5
2•83
150
densities are also given
313
200
335
250
358
300
308
100
Mol
al sc
ale
Cl
4•03
20
0 18
8 25
pK
2; fo
r I =
0; u
sing
cat
ion-
perm
sele
ctiv
e mem
bran
e IO
N
Wi a
20
3 35
221
50
F99
25
pK2;
I = 0
; mol
al sc
ale;
sol
ubili
ty o
f CaS
O4
in d
ilute
H2S
04
SOL
Y
M13
a 20
3 30
ov
er a
rang
e of
ioni
c str
engt
hs
214
40
218
45
227
50
2•36
60
31
5 12
5 3•
56
150
390
175
424
200
458
225
498
250
Nos
. 18
2-18
3
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
534
275
5-71
30
0 60
6 32
5 6-
41
350
pl(2
= 1
9-88
58 lo
g T
+ 0-
0064
73T
— 5
6889
— 2
307-
9/T
(T
in °
K)
pKi;
theo
retic
al pr
edic
tion
S29
pK o
f H3S
O4+
; th
eore
tical
pre
dict
ion
—3-
3 to
—3-
5 pl
i; m
ole
frac
tion
equi
libri
um c
onst
ant;
pred
ictio
n W
31
pK1;
pre
dict
ion,
base
d on
stru
ctur
e K
52
— 1
-7
pKi;
pred
ictio
n; m
ole
frac
tion
equi
libri
um c
onst
ant
for
H20
D
30
+ H
2S04
H
3O +
HSO
4—
—3-
0 pK
i; pr
edic
tion
(Pau
ling'
s met
hod)
G
24
—2-
0 pK
i; pr
edic
tion
B5
—3-
59
pKi;
from
wat
er a
ctiv
ity d
ata
W32
Fo
r pK
i va
lues
of H
2S04
from
400
—80
0°C
and
den
sitie
s fro
m
0-40
to 0
-85
g.cm
3 (p
ress
ures
to
4700
bar
s), s
ee Q
5 Fo
r ef
fect
of p
ress
ure o
n pI
(s, s
ee H
70
—8-
3 pK
of H
aSO
4 (n
ot h
ydra
ted)
R
AM
AN
H
62
4.95
25
pK
for
1:1
H2S
04:H
20 s
peci
es
For
self
-dis
soci
atio
n co
nsta
nts o
f H2S
04 a
t 10,
25,
40°
, se
e B
13,
G25
, K25
, S24
A
t 10
36°,
aut
opro
toly
sis c
onst
ant o
f H2S
04 =
1-7
x l0
, for
G
23
2H2S
04 v
H3S
O4 +
HS0
4 A
t 10
-36°
, ion
ic se
lf-d
ehyd
ratio
n con
stan
t of H
2S04
= 7
x 10
, fo
r 2H
2S04
v H
3O +
HS2
07
For
com
pute
d pK
val
ues f
or th
e re
actio
ns H
2S04
± nH
2O
H. n
H2O
+ H
S04,
and
HS0
4 +
nH2O
. n
HsO
+
S04
2, se
e R
20
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
of p
K2
valu
es: A
37, B
2, 1
177,
D17
, E5,
E7,
F1
4, F
17, G
44, H
18, K
14, K
30, L
50, M
9a, N
23a,
R6,
R9,
R15
, S4
3, S
50, S
77,
Z3
For H
amm
ett a
cidi
ty fu
nctio
n of
H2S
04, s
ee B
12, B
72, D
30, G
17
and
G19
(te
mpe
ratu
re r
ange
),
H20
, J1
6, P
11,
R44
, S1
O
(KH
SO4)
For
Hx(
Jo) a
cidi
ty fu
nctio
n of
H2S
04, s
ee A
34, D
29
For
C0
acid
ity f
unct
ion
of H
2S04
, see
D29
Fo
r H
x* ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
H2S
04, s
ee Y
4 Fo
r H
acidi
ty f
unct
ion
of H
2S04
, see
B73
Fo
r HA
aci
dity
fun
ctio
n of
H2S
04, s
ee Y
G, Y
7 Fo
r H
0" 'a
cidi
ty f
unct
ion
of H
2S04
, see
A35
Fo
r H
0' a
cidi
ty f
unct
ion
of H
2S04
, see
JIG
Fo
r H' ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
H2S
04, s
ee B
70
For H
_ ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
H2S
04, s
ee B
69
For
H5
acid
ity f
unct
ion
of H
2S04
, see
H60
Fo
r H
0 ac
idity
fun
ctio
n of
alco
holic
H2S
04, s
ee Ji
Fo
r H aci
dity
fun
ctio
n of
alco
holic
H2S
04, s
ee 1
14
183.
Sui
phur
ous
acid
, H2S
03
163
0 Fo
r I =
0; re
calc
ulat
ion o
f dat
a giv
en in
refe
renc
es C
l and
M45
C
1,R
lb
J12
1•74
10
18
1 18
18
9 25
19
8 35
21
2 50
15
1 0
D14
15
8 5
l•64
10
17
0 15
17
7 20
18
2 25
17
6 25
R
46
2•34
70
2•
62
100
3•1
130
3.5
150
1 86
25
A
ppar
ent p
K v
alue
; 1
atm
osph
ere
Cl
E12
16
9 50
0 at
mos
pher
es
151
1000
atm
osph
eres
13
4 15
00 a
tmos
pher
es
120
2000
atm
osph
eres
17
64
7205
25
1 =
002
to 0
13 (f
or pK
i), 0
014
to 0
12 (f
or pl
C2)
; ext
rapo
late
d E
lcg
T3
tol=
0 19
0 72
05
25
E3b
g Y
14
Nos
. 18
4—19
2
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
717
7•30
10
25
Fo
r I
0; c
<00
5; ex
trap
olat
ion
by D
ebye
-Huc
kel e
quat
ion
E3b
g A
32
7•45
50
69
6 In
aqu
eous
sol
utio
ns, b
isui
phite
ion
s ar
e in
equ
ilibr
ium
with
py
rosu
iphi
te io
n; a
t 25°
, K =
7 x
102
for [
S205
2—]/
[HSO
3j2
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B84
, B
87,
B88
, C
l, C
42, F
7, F
13,
F34,
K
34, M
8, M
45, S
38a,
S43
.
E3b
g R
40
G34
184.
Tan
talic
aci
d 96
13
18
—20
A
cidi
c pK
B
asic
pK
SO
LY
B
i
185.
Tel
luri
c ac
id, H
6TeO
6 80
3 11
45
770
1095
5 25
c
==
O0O
5i.i
H6T
eO6;
ext
rapo
late
d to
I =
0 us
ing
sim
ple
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l re
latio
n E
3bg
E15
75
9 10
80
35
728
1027
61
768
1119
7•
70
1104
14
25
18
25
25
The
rmod
ynam
ic qu
antit
ies
are
deri
ved
from
the
resu
lts
Titr
atio
n of
004
M a
cid
For I
= 0;
at h
igh
conc
entr
atio
ns, p
olyt
ellu
rate
s are
form
ed
pKs
E3b
g E
3ag
07
B88
E
l 81
9 0
For I
0
E3b
,qui
n A
26
798
10
761
25
7.43
35
71
2 45
760
800
25
12
pKi
= 8
180
— 2
36 >
<
10—
2 t (
tin °C
) c =
0O1M
; pol
ytel
lura
tes a
re fo
rmed
whe
n c i
s gr
eate
r tha
n 01
c =
006M
FI6
TeO
6 E
3ag
Cl
J2
F25
781
22
763
32
748
42
7.37
50
761
25
For I =
0 >
15
pK3
Other measurements: B58, B79c, L43, R26
E3b
,R2a
A
23
S61
186.
Tel
luro
us a
cid,
H2T
eO3
246
316
25
conc
entr
atio
n con
stan
ts, I
= 0
1 pK1 fo
r pro
tona
tion o
f H2T
cO3
pK2
for m
ono-
anio
n fo
rmat
ion
35
54—58
25
pKi f
or p
roto
natio
n of H
sTeO
s;
pK2
for m
ono-
anio
n fo
rmat
ion
2 Fo
r pr
oton
atio
n of H
TeO
3; fr
om th
erm
odyn
amic
data
27
7-
7 25
Fr
om h
ydro
lysi
s of
salts
DIS
TR
IB
SOL
Y
03
S38a
117
L9
B58
187.
(Aqu
o) T
erbi
um(I
ll) io
n, T
b3
816
25
pKa
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Tb3
; titr
atio
n of
0004
—00
09 M
Tb(
C10
4)3
with
0-0
2M B
a(O
H)s
; I =
03 (N
aC1O
4)
E3b
F3
3a
188.
Tet
ra(h
ydro
gen
sulp
hato
)ars
enio
us a
cid,
HA
s(H
SO4)
4 For
pK in
H2S
04, s
ee B
li
189.
Tet
ra(h
ydro
gen
sulp
hato
)bor
ic a
cid,
HB
(HSO
4)4
For p
K in
H2S
04, s
ee Bl 1
190.
Tet
ram
etap
hosp
hori
c ac
id, H
4P40
12
278
25
pK4;
for I
= 0;
from
resu
lts at
I -' 0-
01 (
K+
salt)
, usi
ng D
ebyc
- H
ucke
l equ
atio
n 27
4 25
pf
(4; f
or I =
0; u
sing
ass
umed
val
ue fo
r mob
ility
of H
P401
23
ion
2-60
6-4
8-22
11-4
No details
E3b
g
C2
B40
D12
K3a
191. Tet
ram
olyb
dic a
cid,
H2M
o4O
13
14
15
I = l(
NaC
lO)
DIS
TR
IB C18
192 T
etra
pero
xych
rom
ic a
cid,
H3C
rO8
716
30
pK3;
I = 3(
NaC
1O4)
7-
40
40
7-60
50
KIN
Q
i
C,'
Nos
. 19
3-19
8
195.
(A
quo)
Tha
llium
(III
) ion
, T13
1
•07
1•16
1•
01
1•10
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of T
l3; I
= 1 5(
NaC
104)
I =
3(N
aC1O
4)
I = F
5(N
aCIO
4)
I = 3(
NaC
IO4)
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Tl3
, as
sum
ing
TlO
H2,
but
not
T
13,
can
exch
ange
with
Tl;
I = 6(
HC
IO4
+ N
aC1O
4)
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of Tl
3+, a
ssum
ing
T10
H2,
but
not
T13
, can
ex
chan
ge w
ith T
l; I =
3(H
C1O
4 +
Na0
104)
; da
ta o
f R. J
. Pr
estw
ood a
nd A
. C. W
ahi,
J. A
m.
Che
in.
Soc.
, 71,
313
7 (1
949)
. pK
val
ues
for
succ
essi
ve
hydr
olys
is
of T
l3;
I = 3(
NaC
IO4)
; fr
om p
oten
tials
of T
l+/T
la+
elec
trod
e
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
ark
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
193.
Tet
rapo
lyph
osph
oric
aci
d, H
6P40
13
1•36
22
3 66
3 83
4 25
pK
a, p
K4,
pK
5, p
K6;
"pr
actic
al"
cons
tant
s; I
= 1(
NM
e4N
O3)
; N
Me4
+ s
alt;
extr
apol
ated
aga
inst
(co
ncen
trat
ion)
co
mpl
ex
form
atio
n occ
urs
with
Na+
, K+
, or
gua
nidi
nium
ion
E3b
g W
8
738
911
25
pKs,
pKs;
forl
=0
194.
(Aqu
o) T
halli
um(I
) ion
, T1
081
0 pK
; I =
0005
to 0
09;
extr
apol
atio
n to
I =
0 us
ing
Dav
ies'
SO
LY
B
29
082
25
equa
tion;
solu
bilit
y of
T11
03 in
KO
H so
lutio
ns
085
40
O85
25
T
herm
odyn
amic
quan
titie
s ar
e de
rive
d fr
om th
e re
sults
. pK
b; I
= 00
2 to
005
; ex
trap
olat
ion
to I
= 0
usin
g D
avie
s'
equa
tion
KIN
B
30
0.42
25
pK
b; I
= 00
8 to
025
C
AT
,KIN
B31
04
8 25
pK
b; m
olal
sca
le; c
= 00
009—
0009
C
2 L
32
—0•
5 —
07
—0•
8 —
1•0
—1•
1 11
4 14
9
25
25
40
40
25
322
418
25
35
45
25
06
R23
KIN
H
23
KIN
J9
B41
196.
Thi
ocya
nic a
cid,
HC
NS
——
2 B
y in
terp
olat
ion f
rom
pK
valu
es in
wat
er fo
r HB
r, H
C1,
HN
O3,
M
46
and
HF,
and
in
etha
nol f
or H
Br,
HC
1, H
NO
3, H
CN
S an
d H
F —
185
25
From
solv
ent
(Cd4
) ex
trac
tion
of a
seri
es o
f NaC
1O4,
H
C1O
4 D
IST
RIB
m
ixtu
res a
t con
stan
t I; e
xtra
pola
ted
agai
nst I
-—14
25
Fr
om H
_ de
pend
ence
of
Fc3
— C
NS
re
actio
n an
d hy
dro-
06
—07
ly
sis
of N
ON
CS
I = 3;
23
M in
HC
1O4
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B67
a, S
82
KIN
T
18
197.
Thi
osui
phur
ic a
cid,
H2S
202
0.6
174
146
25
25
I =
009
to 0
91,
extr
apol
ated
to I =
0 us
ing
Dav
ies'
equ
atio
n C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; I =
0-01
6 to
007
E
3bg
E3a
g P2
D
25
156
25
E3b
g Y
18
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: J3, K
40
198.
(Aqu
o) T
hori
um(I
V) i
on, T
h4
389
420
25
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of
Th4
, as
sum
ing
only
E
3ag
P6
mon
onuc
lear
sp
ecie
s: 1
= 00
5 to
05(
NaC
1O4)
; c =
0000
1—
001
M T
h(N
0a)4
; ext
rapo
late
d to
I = 0
4.3
3.4
25
Succ
essi
ve p
K v
alue
s for
hyd
roly
sis o
f Th
at ve
ry sl
ight
deg
rees
E
3ag
K56
of
hydr
olys
is;
I = 1
(NaC
1O4)
; al
so —
log
K =
47 f
or 2
Th4
+
2H
20
Th2
(0H
)26
+ 2
H
432
416
0 Su
cces
sive
pK
val
ues f
or hy
drol
ysis
of T
h4; I
= 1(
NaC
1O4)
; a
lso
E2a
,qui
n B
4 lo
g K
= 5
60 f
or 2
Th4
+ 2
H20
T
h2(O
H)2
6+ +
2H
; —
log
K =
227
9 fo
r Th4
(0H
)s'°
; —
log
K =
438
4 fo
r Th6
(OH
)159
+
412
3-69
25
—
log
K =
4-6
1 fo
r Ths
(0H
)s6;
lo
g K
= 1
901
for T
h4(0
H)o
1O;
— l
og K
= 3
676
for T
h0(0
H)1
5 22
9 22
1 95
lo
g K
= 2
55 fo
r Th2
(OH
)2;
E2a
g —
log
K =
104
9 for
Th4
(0H
)610
; —
log
K =
206
3 fo
r Th6
(OH
)m°
11-6
4 10
80
1062
10
45
25
1 =
05(N
aC1O
4), r
adio
-tra
cer
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Th(
IV);
IO
N
B32
a su
cces
sive
pK
b va
lues
. 9-
40
9-35
8-
99
808
1 =
0l(N
aC1O
4);
succ
essi
ve pK
b va
lues
SO
LY
N
ia
At
25°
and
I = 3
(NaC
l), c
= 00
001—
01 M
in
Th4
, —
log
H57
K
= —
91 fo
r Th4
+ +
2H
20
Th(
0H)2
2 +
2H
; ThO
H3
is
negl
igib
le;
Th2
0H,
T1i
2(O
H)2
6+,
Th3
(0H
)21°
and
hi
gher
com
plex
es a
re im
port
ant;
cons
tant
s are
giv
en.
At h
igh
thor
ium
conc
entr
atio
ns (0
5 M
) for
mat
ion o
f Tb2
(OH
) 11
55
and
Th2
OH
7 is
impo
rtan
t; co
nsta
nts a
re g
iven
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: K
5, L
IG
Ns.
199
—20
6
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
199.
(A
quo)
Thu
lium
(Ifl
) ion
, Tm
3 25
pK
a for
hydr
olys
is o
f Tm
3; ti
trat
ion
of 00
04—
0009
M T
m(C
104)
3 w
ith 0
02 M
Ba(
OH
)2; I
= 03
(NaC
1O4)
E
3b
F33a
200.
(Aqu
o) T
in(I
I) io
n, S
n2
170
25
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
Sn2
; I =
014
to 0
5, e
xtra
pola
ted
E3a
h G
37
1193
18
2 25
0
agai
nst f
l; c =
0004
—01
2 M
Sn2
f pK
b fo
r Sn
OH
Sn
2+ H
- O
H
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of S
n2;
I = 3(
NaC
IO4)
; SO
LY
G
3 V
i 17
0 25
Sn
-Hg
elec
trod
e po
tent
ials
16
4 35
16
0 45
39
2 25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Sn2
; I =
3(N
aC1O
4); a
lso
— l
og K
= 4
45 fo
r 2Sn
2 +
2H
20
Sn2(
OH
)22+
+ 2
H,
E3b
g T
8
32
25
— lo
g K
= 6
77 f
or 3
Sn2
-H 4
H20
Sn
3(O
H)4
2 +
4H
. pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Sn2
; I =
2(N
aNO
3)
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: P41
, S56
E
3bg
D15
201.
(Aqu
o) T
itani
um(I
II) i
on, T
i3
1•41
15
pK
for T
i3 +
H2O
T
iOH
2 ±
H;
1= 0
25 to
15(
KB
r);
E3b
g P1
4 12
9 25
ex
trap
olat
ed to
I =
0 us
ing
mod
ifie
d D
ebye
-Huc
kel e
quat
ion.
13
6 35
A
t pH
val
ues
abov
e 35
pol
ynuc
lear
spec
ies
are r
apid
ly fo
rmed
202.
(Aqu
o) T
itani
uni(
IV) i
on, T
i4
18
24
21
25
Succ
essi
ve p
K va
lues
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
TiO
H3;
D
IST
RIB
L
28
13
18
I = 0
1 (N
aC1O
4);
C =
10
—5
X 10
M in
Ti(
IV)
pK fo
r T
iO2
TiO
(OH
) + H
IO
N
Ni
03
pK f
or T
iO2
TiO
(OH
) ± H
; in
HC
1O4
solu
tions
; in
di
lute
H2S
O4
basi
c su
ipha
tes a
re al
so f
orm
ed
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: Nib
ION
B
39
203.
Tri
met
apho
spho
ric
acid
, H3P
3O9
174
205
25
25
pI(;
inve
rsio
n of
sucr
ose
pK3;
for
I =
0;
usin
g as
ass
umed
va
lue
for
the
mob
ility
of
HP3
092
ion
KIN
C
2 Ii
D
i2
['.3
204.
Tri
poly
phos
phor
ic a
cid,
H5P
3010
0-
51
1-20
—
4 22
2-
3 5-
7 '—
4 2-
2 2-
31
5-84
'—
4 2
2.13
5-
75
'-..4
17
1-
89
5.77
—
4 17
1-
95
5-77
-.
4 1-
7 1-
98
578
'—1
17
2-12
59
0 -.
4 1-
7 1-
95
580
'—.1
1-
7 2.
62
5-84
—
4 1-
7 2-
15
588
'—4
17
2-10
58
0 '—
'05
1-15
2-
04
569
1-06
2-
11
5-83
2-15
6-
00
8-73
2-
30
6-50
9-
24
2-2
2-6
5-6
7-9
2-79
6-
47
9-24
I 0-
2 I =
0-3
I ==
0-1
I =
0-2
I = 0-
3 '=
0-i
CA
LO
RIM
11
3 E
3bg
Ill
E3b
g 11
2 E
3bg
L6,
W7
E3b
g J8
E
3bg
B40
E3b
g Y
3 E
3bg
E16
E
3bg
M14
E
3bh
W24
25
ForI
=0
0 10
25
8-51
8-
70
8-65
8-
50
8-51
8-
52
8-55
8-
48
8-48
8-
48
8-39
8-
56
8-81
37
37
37
50
50
50
65
65
25
25
Con
cent
ratio
n co
nsta
nts;
pK
i an
d pK
2 ar
e ve
ry u
ncer
tain
; N
Me4
salts
; I =
0-1
(NM
e4B
r) ;f
assum
ed sa
me
as fo
r HB
r
1= 1
-0
I = 1
(NM
e4B
r);
as f
or Il
l "P
ract
ical
" co
nsta
nts;
NM
e4+
sal
t; I =
1-0
(NM
e4C
1)
I = 0-
1 (N
Me4
C1)
Fo
r I =
0, b
y ex
trap
olat
ion
agai
nst
(con
cent
ratio
n)*
25
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
s; I =
0-1
(NaN
Oa)
; C =
10
M
25
At I =
0, e
xtra
pola
ted
from
I—
0-01
(K
salt)
, us
ing
Deb
ye-
HU
ckel
equ
atio
n 5-
29
7-58
27
-4
"Pra
ctic
al"
cons
tant
s; I =
0-75
(N
aNO
3)
5-43
8-
06
25
Con
cent
ratio
n con
stan
ts; I
= 0-
1(K
CI)
; c =
0-00
1 M
5-
43
7-87
20
C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
s; I =
0-1(
KC
J);
c =
0-00
1 M
25
pK
5; I =
0-00
5 to
0-0
4, e
xtra
pola
ted
to I
= 0
9-54
9-
62
40
205.
Tri
thio
carb
onic
aci
d, H
2CS3
28
1 4-
5 2-
76
8 c =
0-00
5—0-
02
extr
apol
ated
aga
inst
I C
l G
9
2-72
14
2-
68
20
8-18
20
H
ydro
lysi
s of
0-00
5 an
d 00
1 M
Na2
CS3
and
K2C
S3 s
olut
ions
E
3ag
206.
Tun
gstic
acid
, H2W
04
'—'3
-5
'—4-
6 Se
e al
so D
odec
atun
gstic
acid
20
I
= 0
-1 (
NaC
IO4)
; ra
pid—
reac
tion
tech
niqu
e U
nder
or
dina
ry c
ondi
tions
, W
042
is i
n eq
uilib
rium
with
H
W6O
ii; l
og K
= 6
5-5
at 2
5° f
or (
HW
6O21
5j (
H20
)3/
(H+
)7 (
W04
2j6
(ref
. D42
) or
= 60
-7 a
t 25°
in
3 M
NaC
1O4
E3a
g S3
3
25
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
U0s
; fr
om h
ydro
lysi
s of
pur
e sa
lts;
corr
ecte
d for
form
atio
n of
(U02
)2(O
H)2
2+; I =
0035
(NaC
1O4)
16
pK
for
hydr
olys
is of
U02
2+;
from
hyd
roly
sis
of p
ure
salts
; 27
c =
0001
—0•
015
M
uran
yl n
itrat
e; a
t hi
gher
co
ncen
trat
ions
hy
drox
onitr
ato c
ompl
exes
are
form
ed
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of U
022+
; I
0.5(
KN
O3)
; con
stan
ts ar
e al
so
944
give
n fo
r (U
02)2
(OH
)22+
and
(U
02)3
(OH
)s+
, w
hich
are
m
ajor
spe
cies
in 0
01 M
sol
utio
ns
Nos
. 20
7—20
9
C
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
(ref
. S6
). L
east
-squ
ares
refi
ned
equi
libri
um c
onst
ants
(fo
r 3 M
LiC
1 at
500
) ar
e 7H
+ 6W
042—
3H
20 ±
HW
6021
5-, l
og K
= 5
398
14H
+ +
12W
042—
7H
20 +
W12
0411
0—,
log
K
1100
3 18
H +
12W
042—
91
120
+ W
1203
96—
, lo
g K
= 13
2•51
A
42
207.
(Aqu
o) U
rani
um(I
V) i
on, T
J 19
0 F0
0 10
43
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
to
UO
H3;
I =
05(N
aC1O
4, H
CIO
4)
c=7
x i0
4MU
4 06
K
59
A•1
2 06
8 10
25
E
xtra
pola
tion
to I
= 0,
usi
ng m
odif
ied
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n at
l= 0
0-l8
43
at
l=0
0•68
138
1•12
25
152
24•7
pKfo
r hyd
roly
sis
of U
4; I
002
to 2
0; ex
trap
olat
ed to
I = 0
by fi
tting
to e
xten
ded
Deb
ye-H
ucke
l equ
atio
n pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
U4;
I = 0.
19(H
C1O
4)
06
06
K58
B38
1•68
17
4 20
0
125
25
25
25
I = 2(
NaC
1O4)
I =
2(N
aC1O
4); D
20 so
lutio
n I =
3(N
aClO
4);
sim
ilar
valu
e fr
om r
edox
pot
entia
ls;
poly
- nu
clea
r com
plex
es a
re a
lso f
orm
ed
PKb
for
hydr
olys
is of
U4;
from
spi
n-la
ttice
rel
axat
ion
time
vs p
H i
n 00
3 M
sol
utio
ns
For
pK v
alue
s in
eth
anol
-wat
er m
ixtu
res,
see
R18
O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: L
i 2
05
E3b
g,h
NM
R
S76
1153
V5
.
208.
(A
quo)
Ura
nyl io
n, U
O2
582
505
4.59
570
419
E3a
g H
44
E3a
g P3
7
E3b
g B
3
610
634
9•2
80
83
25
20
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of U
Os2
; al
low
ance
was
mad
e fo
r for
mat
ion
of (U
02)2
(OH
)22+
pK
b fo
r U
02(O
H)2
+ 0
H
UO
2OH
- + H
20;
corr
ecte
d fo
r for
mat
ion o
f (U
O2)
2(O
H)2
2, (
UO
2)4(
OH
)62
and
U20
72
Succ
essi
ve p
Kb
valu
es fo
r for
mat
ion
of U
O2O
H,
U02
(OH
)2
and
UO
s(O
H)3
; I =
01 (N
aC1O
4)
E3b
g
E3b
DIS
TR
IB
G53
116
S70
598
25
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
U02
2+;
dete
rmin
ed b
y di
ssoc
iatio
n fi
eld
effe
ct r
elax
atio
n m
etho
d T
he m
ajor
spec
ies i
n hy
drol
ysed
U02
2+ so
lutio
ns, 1
M in
KC
1 or
N
aC1O
4,
are
(U02
)2(O
H)2
2+, (
U02
)3(O
H)4
2+ a
nd (
U02
)a
(OH
)S+
; con
stan
ts ar
e gi
ven
Res
ults
in
3 M
NaC
1, M
g(C
104)
s, C
a(C
104)
s, a
nd N
aC1O
4,
1 M
KN
O3,
and
F5
M N
a2SO
4 ar
e in
terp
rete
d in
ter
ms
of fiv
e or
mor
e po
lynu
clea
r com
plex
es fo
r whi
ch e
quili
briu
m co
nsta
nts
are
give
n O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: A
l3,
Gil,
G49
, G
50, H
40,
H47
, K
47,
R43
, R45
KIN
C
28a
R42
D43
,P26
209.
Van
adic
aci
d, H
3V04
(HV
O3)
. Se
e al
so D
ecav
anad
ic a
cid
At p
H va
lues
les
s th
an 1
, pe
ntav
alen
t va
nadi
um e
xist
s as t
he
catio
n V
02
In l
ess
acid
sol
utio
ns i
t un
derg
oes
exte
nsiv
e ag
greg
atio
n to
pol
ynuc
lear
spe
cies
, inc
ludi
ng d
ecav
anad
ates
. 37
8 25
I =
05(
NaC
lO4)
; usi
ng tr
acer
con
cent
ratio
ns of 4
8V;
— lo
g D
IST
RIB
D
47
K =
320
for V
O2
+ H
20
HV
O3 +
H
34
823
20
Rap
id-r
eact
ion
stud
ies;
van
adat
e so
lutio
ns i
nitia
lly a
t pH
05
S3
2 9—
10;
fina
l van
adat
e co
ncen
trat
ion
2—4 x
10
appa
rent
pK
; I =
0.1 (
NaC
1O4)
83
1 20
di
tto; I
= 01
(NM
e4C
1)
7•8
25
I = 05
(NaC
1); l
og K
= 7
6 fo
r 3H
2V04
V
3O9
+ 3H
20;
— lo
g K
50
for
2H
2V04
H
V20
73 +
H +
H20
13
2 25
I =
3(N
aC1O
4); K
50
for 2
HV
O42
V
2O7
+ H
2O
7•72
13
0 25
I =
05(N
aCl);
log
K =
— 3
18 fo
r 2H
V04
2 H
V20
73
+
E3b
g 18
O
H-;
logK
= —
104
2 fo
r 3H
VO
42
V3O
g +
30H
7•
83
25
I = 05
; re
calc
ulat
ion
of e
arlie
r da
ta;
cons
tant
s are
giv
en fo
r B
80,1
8 se
vera
l con
dens
ed s
peci
es
844
Als
o lo
g K
= —
522
for V
3O93
3V
Or;
05
S1
4 —
log
K =
35
to 4
0 fo
r VO
2 H
+ H
VO
3;
— lo
g K
43
to 4
8 fo
r HV
O3
H +
VO
3 89
5 25
D
ilute
solu
tions
05
B
5
Nos
. 21
0—21
2
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK v
alue
T
(°C
) R
emar
ks
Met
hods
R
efer
ence
144
25
07
962
1272
32
4 I =
9; in
satu
rate
d N
a2SO
4 so
lutio
ns
CR
YO
SC S
iG
11-1
3 20
I
02; i
n ac
id s
olut
ions
V e
xist
s as
V02
+ a
nd V
O'+
, pol
y-
E3a
g S5
m
eriz
ing
in n
eutr
al s
olut
ions
to d
ecav
anad
ates
. In
alk
alin
e so
lutio
ns, m
onon
ucle
ar sp
ecie
s pr
edom
inat
e if c
< 10
—s M
; lo
gK =
25-0
5 fo
r 2V
04 +
2H
V
207
+ 11
20;
log
K =
— 2-
79 f
or 21
1V04
2—
VsO
4 +
H20
; lo
g K
= —
109
9 fo
r V40
i2 +
H20
H
V04
2- +
H
1299
25
C
once
ntra
tion
cons
tant
; I =
3(N
aCIO
4;
05
N19
K
48
for 2
HV
042-
V
204
+ H
20
13.1
5 33
1 =
9; sa
tura
ted
Na2
SO4
solu
tions
C
RY
OSC
S63
K
=20
x l0
- fo
r T
il im
port
ant b
etw
een
pH2
and
p114
. K
= F
2 x
1O fo
r H3V
20 +
3H
2V
02 +
H20
D
40
K =
2-8
x 1O
- fo
r H
3V20
7 +
H
2HV
03 +
H20
, at
Y
lO
I = 00
06 a
nd 2
5°
K
164
x 1O
for H
VO
3 +
H
V02
+ 11
20
log
K =
— 3
0-48
for V
3093
3H
+ 3H
V04
2 S6
0 O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts: B
79a,
D40
, L15
, Z4
210.
(A
qu
292
o) V
anad
ium
(I11
) io
n, V
35
25
Su
cces
sive
pK va
lues
for h
ydro
lysi
s of V
3; ca
lcul
ated
from
dat
a of
G. J
ones
and
W. A
. Ray
, J. A
m. C
izei
n. S
oc.,
66,
1571
(19
44);
c =
0-00
04—
004
M V
2 (S
O4)
3
E3a
g M
23
285
3-85
Su
cces
sive
pK
val
ues
for h
ydro
lysi
s of V
; I =
1(N
aC1)
; al
so
— lo
g K
= 3
90 fo
r 2V
+ 21
120
V2(
OH
)24+
+ 2H
+
E
P3
27
F37
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: B79
b
211.
(A
quo)
Van
adyl
ion,
V0
(= V
(OH
)22+
) 4-
77
20
pK fo
r V
O +
H20
V
0-O
H +
H; c
00
12 r%s
V
02+
; E
3bg
D40
no
cor
rect
ion f
or d
imer
izat
ion
5-36
25
pK
for
V02
+;
c =
0-00
01—
0-05
M V
OSO
4; c
alcu
late
d fr
om
E3a
g M
23
data
of G
. Jon
es a
nd W
. A. R
ay,
J. A
m. C
hem
. So
c., 6
6, 1
571
(194
4)
2 68
8 25
pK
for V
02+
; I
3(N
aC1O
4); log K =
51
for d
imer
izat
ion
of
E3b
g R
30
VO
OH
to (
VO
)2(O
H)2
2 —
05
Roo
m
pKfo
r VO
H3
V02
+ +
H; f
rom
chan
ges i
n nu
clea
r rel
axa-
R
17
tion
times
; in
dilu
te H
2S04
—
06
in d
ilute
HN
O3
—09
in
dilu
te H
C1O
4
212.
Wat
er,
H20
14
9435
0
I = 0
re-e
xam
inat
ion o
f da
ta b
y Harned a
nd c
o-w
orke
rs;
Elc
h H
38
1473
38
5 m
olal
sca
le
1453
46
10
1434
63
15
1416
69
20
1399
65
25
138330
30
136801
35
135348
40
1339
60
45
132617
50
1313
69
55
1301
71
60
14535
10
Mol
ar sc
ale
1416
9 20
14
000
25
13-837
30
1354
2 40
13
-272
50
16
279
10
Mole fraction scale
15911
20
1574
1 25
15•577
30
15-279
40
15006
50
14946
0 L
iBr
solu
tions
; I =
001
to 3-0;
Elch
H32
14-735
5
E c
orre
cted
usi
ng D
ebye
-Hüc
kel e
quat
ion
and
extr
apol
ated
14
-535
10
ag
ains
t ito
I =
0 14
346
15
1416
7 20
13
-997
25
No.
212
Nam
e, F
orm
ula
and
pK va
lue
T(°
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
1383
4 30
13
•680
35
13
.539
40
14
945
0 N
aC1
solu
tions
; as
for
H32
E
lch
H36
14
535
10
1416
7 20
13
997
25
1383
3 30
13
•536
40
13
261
50
1301
5 60
14
939
0 K
C1
solu
tions
; I =
001
to 3
5 as
for
H32
E
lch
H34
14
730
5 14
533
10
1434
5 15
14
•167
20
13
997
25
1383
2 30
13
•620
35
13
535
40
1339
6 45
13
262
50
1313
9 55
13
017
60
pK =
478
73/T
+ 71
321
log
T +
001
0365
T —
228
01 (T
in
°K)
The
rmod
ynam
ic q
uant
ities
are
calc
ulat
ed fr
om th
e re
sults
14
955
0 Fo
r I =
0;
from
ca
lori
met
ric
mea
sure
men
ts o
n el
ectr
olyt
e A
8 14
534
10
solu
tions
14
•161
20
13
999
25
1383
3 30
13
533
40
1326
2 50
13
•015
60
l2
800
70
12-5
98
80
12-4
22
90
12-2
59
100
12-1
26
110
12-0
02
120
11-9
07
130
1492
6 0
I = 0
-000
1 to
1-5
; pot
entia
ls c
orre
cted
to I
= 0
usin
g equ
atio
ns
E3a
h B
57
14-2
22
18
of th
e fo
rm, E
corr
= E
obs
+ tI
t —
/31
13-9
80
25
13-5
90
37
13-0
5 60
Pr
edic
ted f
rom
ther
mod
ynam
ic d
ata,
taki
ng pK
= 13
-997
at
C25
12
-21
100
25°
11-6
5 15
0 11
-30
200
11-1
8 25
0 11
-19
300
11-3
3 35
0 12
-32
100
From
mea
sure
men
ts of
the
degr
ee o
f hyd
roly
sis o
f am
mon
ium
C
l N
24
2 11
-65
156
acet
ate
" 11
-34
218
11-7
7 30
6 13
-907
25
I =
0-1,
taki
ng p
K =
13-
997
at 1
atm
osph
ere;
E
lcg
H16
25
0 at
mos
pher
es
13-8
24
500
atm
osph
eres
13
-747
75
0 at
mos
pher
es
13-6
67
1000
atm
osph
eres
13
-585
12
50 at
mos
pher
es
13-5
24
1500
atm
osph
eres
13
-449
17
50 at
mos
pher
es
13-3
94
2000
atm
osph
eres
Fo
r pr
edic
tions
of pK
from
350
—70
0° at
sup
erhe
ated
-ste
am
dens
ities
of 0
-3 t
o 0-
7 g.
cm3.
, see
F26
R
ef. H
49a
give
s an
equ
atio
n fo
r th
e va
riat
ion
of p
K w
ith
tem
pera
ture
from
0°
to 3
06°
For
valu
es o
f pK
in H
20JD
20 m
ixtu
res,
see
S3
29
pK o
f OH
—;
theo
retic
al p
redi
ctio
n S2
9 23
-2
pK o
f OH
—,
assu
min
g th
e di
ffer
ence
be
twee
n pK
i and
pK2
of
B55
H
2O is
the
sam
e as
for H
2S
Nos
. 21
3—21
7
Nam
e, F
orm
ula a
nd p
K va
lue
T( °
C)
Rem
arks
M
etho
ds
Ref
eren
ce
208
pK o
f OH
—,
sam
e as
sum
ptio
n, b
ut m
ore
rece
nt va
lues
for H
2S,
H2S
e an
d H
2Te
For
the
basi
c pK
of 1
120
in c
once
ntra
ted
H2S
04, s
ee G
22
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: All,
A14
, B23
(fo
r pre
-191
6 ref
eren
ces)
, B
96, C
6, D
20,
H30
, H33
, 11
35,
H51
a, 1
3, 1
9, L
2, L
23, N
b,
Nil,
N20
, 05
, R
19, W
35
E3
213.
Xen
on tr
ioxi
de, X
eOs
105
108
25
pKfo
r Xe0
3.aq
. H
XeO
+ H
; I =
05(N
aC1O
4)
I = 04
E
3bg
A30
214.
(A
quo)
Ytte
rbiu
m(I
II) i
on, Y
b 79
2
803
25
25
pK5
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Yb3
; titr
atio
n of 0
004—
0009
M Y
b(C
104)
3 w
ith 0
02 M
Ba(
OH
)2; I =
03(N
aClO
4)
ditto
, usi
ng 0
O2M
NaO
H
E3b
F3
3a
215.
(A
quo)
91
0 Y
ttriu
m(H
I) io
n, Y
25
pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Y; I
= 3(
LiC
1O4)
; E
3ag,
quin
B45
c =
001—
1 M
Y(C
104)
s; Y
2(O
H)2
4+
834
25
(log
K =
— 14
.28)
an
d Y
3(O
H)5
4+
(log
K =
— 3
3.8)
are
als
o fo
rmed
pK
a fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of Y
2+;
titra
tion
of 00
04—
0009
M
Y(C
104)
3 w
ith 0
02 M
Ba(
OH
)2; I
= 03
(NaC
1O4)
E
3b
F33a
216.
(Aqu
o)
930
9•15
Zin
c io
n, Z
n2
15
20
pK f
or h
ydro
lysi
s of
Zn2
to
ZnO
H;
I 00
015
to 0
04
(KN
O3)
; ext
rapo
late
d to
I = 0
E3b
g P2
1
896
25
8•79
30
8'
62
36
846
42
87
901
30
25
pK fo
r hyd
roly
sis
of Z
n2+
; I =
01
(KC
1)
pK fo
r hy
drol
ysis
of Z
n2; I =
2(K
C1)
; c =
01
M Z
nOl2
, al
so
— lo
g K
72
0 fo
r 2Z
n2 -f-
H20
Z
n2O
H3 +
H
E3b
g E
3ag
C12
S1
9
912
25
ditto
; I =
2(N
aCI)
; —
log
K =
748
fo
r 2Z
n2 +
H20
Z
n20H
3 +
H
631
488
312
339
25
Step
wis
e pK
b va
lues
for
Zn2
, 1
1(N
aC1O
4)
SOL
Y
G45
a 90
5 25
E
3bg
D45
78
7 10
0 pK
for h
ydro
lysi
s of
Zn2
; c =
002
M Z
n(N
03)s
K
IN
K69
57
pK
b fo
r ZnO
H; c
= 0
1 M
ZnS
O4
E3b
g S2
5 87
3 pK
for
Zn(
OH
)2
Zn(
OH
)3
+ H
; I
3(N
aC1O
4)
DIS
TR
IB
S38
989
pK fo
r Z
n(O
H)3
Z
n(O
H)4
2 +
H; I
= 3(
NaC
1O4)
; als
o lo
g K
= —
201
0 fo
r [Z
n(O
H)2
1 [H
+12
/[Z
n2+
J 87
25
lo
gKfo
r2Z
n2 +
OH
—
Zn2
OH
3+;I
= 3(
LiC
1O4)
;c =
025
B
42
— l4
5M Z
n2
1684
16
91
0 lo
g K
for Z
n +
30H
- Z
n(O
H)3
, an
d lo
g K
for
Zn2
PO
LA
RO
G
K51
15
86
1595
20
+
40H
Z
n(O
H)4
2 15
45
1555
30
15
15
25
log K
for Z
n2 +
40H
Z
n(O
H)4
2;zi
nc el
ectr
ode p
oten
tial
D36
m
easu
rem
ents
16
9 lo
g K
for Z
n2 +
40H
Z
n(O
H)4
2 PO
LA
RO
G
S68
1545
25
lo
g K fo
r Zn2
-f-
4OH
—
Zn(
OH
)42;
zinc
elec
trod
e pot
entia
l D
35
mea
sure
men
ts
153
25
log
K fo
r Zn2
+ 4
0H
Zn(
OH
)42;
I = 2(
KC
1)
POL
AR
OG
M
20
145
18
log K
for Z
n2 +
40H
Z
n(O
H)4
2; zi
nc el
ectr
ode p
oten
tial
S67
mea
sure
men
ts
1335
25
lo
g K
for Z
n2 --
40H
Z
n(O
H)4
2; I =
3(N
aCl);
Zn-
Hg
S20
elec
trod
e 26
77
25
log
K fo
r 2Z
n2 +
6OH
Z
n2 (O
H) 6
2_
1504
20
lo
g K
for
Zn2
+ 40
H
Zn(
OH
)42;
Zn-
Hg
elec
trod
e B
36
1608
20
lo
g K
for Z
n2 +
3OH
—
Zn(
OH
)3
1358
20
lo
g K
for Z
n2 -
3OH
—
Zn(
OH
)3; I =
01
DIS
TR
IB
B61
Po
lynu
clea
r hy
drol
ysed
spec
ies
in z
inc
solu
tions
at p
H a
bove
8
are
post
ulat
ed fr
om c
oagu
latio
n st
udie
s M
19
Oth
er m
easu
rem
ents
: A5,
B10
0, D
8, D
24, F
36, H
5, K
5, K
45,
K70
, P42
, Q2,
S18
, S5
6, W
26
217.
(Aqu
o) Z
irco
nium
(IV
) ion
, Z
r4
—03
2 00
6 03
5 06
4 25
Su
cces
sive
pK
valu
es fo
r the
hydr
olys
is of
Zr4
; I =
1(H
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IV REFERENCES
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