dissociative disorders
DESCRIPTION
Dissociative Disorders. Dissociative Disorders. Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings. Dissociative Amnesia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dissociative Disorders
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Dissociative Disorders
• Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.
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Dissociative Amnesia
• This disorder is characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.
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Dissociative Amnesia
• Dissociative amnesia, unlike other types of amnesia, does NOT result from other medical trauma (e.g. a blow to the head).
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Dissociative Amnesia• Localized amnesia is present in an individual who has no
memory of specific events that took place, usually traumatic. The loss of memory is localized with a specific window of time. For example, a survivor of a car wreck who has no memory of the experience until two days later is experiencing localized amnesia.
• Selective amnesia happens when a person can recall only small parts of events that took place in a defined period of time. For example, an abuse victim may recall only some parts of the series of events around the abuse.
• Generalized amnesia is diagnosed when a person's amnesia encompasses his or her entire life.
• Systematized amnesia is characterized by a loss of memory for a specific category of information. A person with this disorder might, for example, be missing all memories about one specific family member.
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Dissociative Fugue• An individual with dissociative fugue
suddenly and unexpectedly takes physical leave of his or her surroundings and sets off on a journey of some kind.
•These journeys can last hours, or even several days or months.
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Dissociative Fugue• Individuals experiencing a dissociative
fugue have traveled over thousands of miles.
An individual in a fugue state is unaware of or confused about his identity, and in some cases will assume a new identity (although this is the exception).
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Depersonalization Disorder
• is marked by a feeling of detachment or distance from one's own experience, body, or self.
One can easily relate to feeling as they in a dream, or being "spaced out."
A person's experience with depersonalization can be so severe that he or she believes the external world is unreal or distorted.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
• A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
•Also known as multiple personality disorder.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Formerly known as multiple personality disorder.
• DSM Checklist• The presence of two or more
distinct identities or personality states
• Control of the person’s behavior is taken by at least two of these identities or personality states.
• An inability to recall important personality information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
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Dissociative Identity Disorder/ Multiple Personality Disorder
• Most cases are first diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood– Symptoms generally begin in childhood after
episodes of abuse• Typical onset is before the age of 5
• Women receive the diagnosis three times as often as men
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Dissociative Identity Disorder/ Multiple Personality Disorder
• How do subpersonalities interact? – Investigators used to believe that most cases
of the disorder involved two or three subpersonalities
• Studies now suggest that the average number is much higher – 15 for women, 8 for men
– There have been cases of more than 100!
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DID Critics
Critics argue that diagnosis of DID has increased in the late 20th century. Also DID
has not been found in other countries.
Critics Arguments
1. Role-playing by people open to therapist’s suggestion. (iatrogenic)
2. Learned response that reinforces reductions in anxiety.