distance education in theory and approach
DESCRIPTION
Distance Education in Theory and Approach. Tuesday, December 03, 2013 | 10:00 am –11:30 am. Presenters. Sevaughn Banks, Training and EBP Specialist , CalSWEC Tim Wohltmann, Distance Education Specialist, CalSWEC. Webinar Overview. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Distance Education in Theory and Approach
Tuesday, December 03, 2013 | 10:00 am –11:30 am
![Page 2: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sevaughn Banks, Training and EBP Specialist, CalSWEC
Tim Wohltmann, Distance Education Specialist, CalSWEC
Presenters
![Page 3: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
This webinar is designed for people considering the use of web-based modes of training and education delivery. The webinar will take a critical approach to examining fundamental concepts associated with teaching and learning in a distance education paradigm.
Webinar Overview
![Page 4: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Describe the history of distance education and its impact on current practice
Highlight theories underpinning distance education, a taxonomy of theory and illustrate their impact on contemporary practice
Define key terms in distance education history and practice
Outline common delivery methods
Defining Distance EducationWebinar Objectives
![Page 5: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Macro◦ Distance Education◦ eLearning◦ mLearning◦ Modality
Mezzo◦ Information Communications Technology (ICT)◦ Pedagogy vs Andragogy◦ Synchronous vs Asynchronous◦ Hybrid vs Blended vs Flipped Classroom model
Micro◦ Course authoring software◦ Learning Management System (LMS)◦ Course Management System (CMS) or Content Management System◦ Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)
Key Terminology
![Page 6: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is Distance Education? What is the impact of “Distance” alter the
nature of “Education”?
How does “Learning” feel about that?
Orientation to Education at a Distance
![Page 7: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
If you could define “distance education” in a picture, what would it look like?
Images of Distance Education
![Page 8: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
In a very basic iteration, distance education is a paradigm in which a learner is physically separated from the source of instruction by time, distance, space.
Beginning with a Definition
![Page 9: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How does “distance” impact education?
The gap existing between an instructional resource (ex: a teacher to whom you might ask questions) and the student is central to building a conceptual framework for distance education. Multiple elements present in an educational paradigm Multiple elements influence learning outcomes Distance alters the elements present
?Correct?
Incorrect?How do I…?
Incorrect! Have you..?
![Page 10: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Key Concept 1: Transactional Distance Theory
(Moore 1972)
![Page 11: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Defining Distance Education via Transactional Distance theory
Distance creates a relational gap between learner and instructor, creating varying amounts of learner autonomy and “transactional distance” (Moore 1972)
![Page 12: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Key Concept 2: From Teaching to Learning
![Page 13: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How can deeper, higher-order learning be achieved?
How much guidance, structure, dialog, interaction are needed between learner and teacher?
Learning Distance ? Mastery
![Page 14: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How can we distinguish the phases of evolution of Distance Education as a field or practice?
What is the relationship between the phases of evolution, the theories and the approaches to distance education?
Intersection of History and Theory
![Page 15: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Text + courier courses,
“correspondence” (1700-mid
1900)
Radio, Telephone (1910 – current)
Television (1948 - current)
Computer (1960 – current)
Mobile devices (2000 – current)
One version of the
History of Distance Education
![Page 16: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Evolution in Pedagogic Approach
![Page 17: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Parallel Evolution of Learning Theory
![Page 18: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Learners & Learning ProcessesTheory Component Theories Instructional Impacts
Behavioral Learning Theory Connectionism & Conditioning
Task Analysis; behavioral objectives; practice and feedback
Cognitive Learning Theory Gestalt, information processing & schema
message design; rehearsal; chunking; organizers
Social Learning Theory Social cognitive theory Modeling; self-efficacy
Constructivist Theory (philosophy)
Personal interpretation of experience, relevant learning, exploring multiple perspectives, learning domains & styles
Learning facilitation; Active learning; Contextualized learning; Collaborative learning; Scaffolding; Problem-based learning; Cognitive apprenticeship
![Page 20: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BT as courseware design interface
![Page 21: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is a “modality” or “mode” in the distance education context?
How do they differ from one another? Why are some chosen over others?
Modalities
![Page 22: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A Modality typically refers to the way in which distance education course or content is delivered. It might also be referred to as: Delivery or distribution method Programmatic “approach” or structure Type of content
There may be a single, or multiple, modality(ies) used in a given distance learning paradigm or program.
Modality defined
![Page 23: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The terms ‘modality’ or ‘mode’ may sometimes be used interchangeably to refer to different levels of analysis or activity
Modality confusion
![Page 24: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
(eLearning Guild 2008)
![Page 25: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Macro level descriptors are most common Context / Industry-specific Tool-based
Like an abstract piece of art, there are many ways to look at and describe delivery methods or modalities.
How do we distinguish Modalities and Approaches from one another?
![Page 27: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Concern larger program-level considerations◦ Will there be an instructor?◦ Will it be asynchronous, synchronous, both? ◦ Will there be in-person elements? ◦ What percentage of instruction will be online? ◦ If in-person elements are present, do the online elements
only supplement that? Or, are the online elements essential to in-person instruction?
Modalities at the Macro Level
(South West Oklahoma University)
![Page 28: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Instructor-led vs Self-guided
Picture of announcement board from Instructor-led fully online course inside LMS
![Page 29: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Instructor-led vs Self-guided
Picture of user interface and content slide from self-guided fully online course
![Page 30: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Synchronous vs Asynchronous
Picture of a web conferencing session in a synchronous fully online course
![Page 31: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Synchronous vs Asynchronous
Picture of disscussion forum from an asynchronous instructor-led fully online course
![Page 32: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Synchronous vs Asynchronous
Picture of a self assessment activity from a self-guided asynchronous fully online course
![Page 33: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hybrid / Blended
![Page 34: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hybrid / Blended
![Page 35: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hybrid / Blended
![Page 36: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hybrid / Blended
Wikis / blogs
Group collaboration spaces
ePublishing of course materials
![Page 37: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Flipped / Inverted ClassroomIn a ‘Flipped’ or inverted classroom model, the more passive learning elements (such as lectures or readings) are moved online and completed prior to in-person elements.
![Page 38: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Flipped / Inverted Classroom
(usergeneratededucation.wordpress.com)
![Page 39: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Flipped / Inverted Classroom
(usergeneratededucation.wordpress.com)
![Page 40: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Paradigms in which the main source of instruction occurs in-person and where access to supporting resources or learning tools is provided additionally outside of the classroom.
Web-Enhanced
Allows learners to:
• Receive Announcements• Read Syllabus• Electronic access to
materials• Submit Assignments• Complete formative
assessments• Use tools like course
calendar or grade book to manage performace
![Page 41: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Distance Education programs may also be grouped, analyzed and understood by modalities common to particular types of organizations or via approaches focusing on particular tools / combinations of tools. For example: Education vs Training Non-profit organizations vs Technology-based
initiatives High vs Low bandwidth Mobile vs Fixed desktop New vs established media
Other Approaches to Conceptualizing Modality
![Page 42: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Mezzo: Learning context, sector or organization type◦ Education (K-12, Higher Ed)◦ Professional (Corporate Training or Continuing Ed)◦ Non-profit / research institute◦ Open Access (MOOC / Open Educational Resource)
Micro: specific technology used to distribute content (hardware / software)◦ Mobile (podcasts, games, apps, web 2.0, augmented reality,
ePublishing)◦ Audio/ Video (ITV, interactive video, web conferencing,
screencasting, lecture capture, gaming / simulation, interactive rich media)
◦ Audio (podcast, IRI)◦ Text (eBooks, interactive ePublishing platforms, discussion forums,
blog, wiki, knowledge base forums, web 2.0)
Mezzo & Micro level variables: Context vs Tool
![Page 43: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Moving away from Modality
• The rise of “localness” = access to learning, all the time, everywhere
• Blurring of lines between traditional education, online education and variants in between
• Popular modularization of technology and learning• Interplay between Education and Technology spurring
innovation on both sides
http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/PUB720316.pdf
![Page 44: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
History & Theory? Modality / Delivery Method?
Questions?
![Page 45: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Webinar 2 will examine Hybrid / Blended modalities and, specifically, the ‘Flipped Classroom’ approach
Questions to be answered: - How does one flip their classroom?- What do they look like in practice? - Do they work? What is the impact? - Where to start?- Myths and FAQs
+ Mark February date on calendars!
What’s up next?
![Page 46: Distance Education in Theory and Approach](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56816358550346895dd41194/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sevaughn Banks
Tim Wohltmann
Thank you & Further follow-up