distillation
DESCRIPTION
Distillation. Ring stand. Beaker. Wire gauze. Ring. Bunsen burner. Setup to heat a solution. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42. A Hero’s Fountain. Glass retort. mixture for distillation placed in here. long spout helps vapors to condense. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Distillation
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Setup to heat a solution
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42
Ring stand
Beaker
Wire gauze
Ring
Bunsen burner
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long spout helpsvapors to condense
mixture for distillation placed in here
Furnace
Glass retortA Hero’s Fountain
Eyewitness Science “Chemistry” , Dr. Ann Newmark, DK Publishing, Inc., 1993, pg 13
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A Distillation Apparatus
liquid with a soliddissolved in it
thermometer
condenser
tube
distillingflask
pure liquid
receiving flaskhose connected to
cold water faucetDorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 282
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The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
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Salt remains after all water is boiled off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
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No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
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Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
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Separation of Sand from Salt1. Gently break up your salt-crusted sand with a plastic spoon.
Follow this flowchart to make a complete separation.
Salt-crusted
sand.
Dry
sand.
Wetsand.
Weigh themixture.
Decant clearliquid.
Evaporateto
dryness.
Pour intoheat-resistant
container.
Fill with water.
Stir and letsettle 1 minute.
Weighsand.
Calculateweight of
salt.
Repeat3 times?
Yes
No
2. How does this flowchart insure a completeseparation?
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Four-stroke Internal Combustion Engine
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Different Types of Fuel Combustion
2 C8H18 + 25 O2 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
__CH3OH +__O2 __CO2 +__H2O
Methanol (in racing fuel)
Gasoline (octane)
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Combustion Chamber
-The combustion chamber is the area where compression and combustion take place.
-Gasoline and air must be mixed in the correct ratio.
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•Methanol can run at much higher compression ratios, meaning that you can get more power from the engine on each piston stroke.
•Methanol provides significant cooling when it evaporates in the cylinder, helping to keep the high-revving, high-compression engine from overheating.
•Methanol, unlike gasoline, can be extinguished with water if there is a fire. This is an important safety feature.
•The ignition temperature for methanol (the temperature at which it starts burning) is much higher than that for gasoline, so the risk of an accidental fire is lower.
The Advantages of Methanol - Burning
Engines
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•At 900 hp, it has about two to three times the horsepower of a "high-performance" automotive engine. For example, Corvettes or Vipers might have 350- to 400-horsepower engines.
•At 15,000 rpm, it runs at about twice the rpm of a normal automotive engine. Compared to a normal engine, an methanol engine has larger pistons and the pistons travel a shorter distance up and down on each stroke.
•The motor is lighter. This lowers their inertia and is another factor in the high rpm.
A Race Car - Basic Information