distillation.pptx

7/23/2019 Distillation.pptx

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Distillation



After desalting, the crude oil is pumpedthrough a series of heat exchanger and itstemperature raised to about 550°F (288°C )b heat exchange !ith product and re"uxstreams#

$t is then further heated to about %50°F(&''°C ) in a furnace and charged to "ash

one of atmospheric fractionators#

Fractionation



Separation



Atmospheric Distillation

Rectifying section

Flash zone

Stripping section



Reboilers are heat exchangers tpicallused to pro*ide heat to the bottom ofindustrial distillation columns#

+he boil the liuid from the bottom of adistillation column to generate *apors

!hich are returned to the column to dri*ethe distillation separation#

Reboiler



$n this reboiler tpe, steam"o!s through the tube bundleand exits as condensate#

+he liuid from the bottom of

the to!er, commonl calledthe bottoms, "o!s through theshell side#

+here is a retaining !all

separating the tube bundlefrom the reboiler section sothat the tube bundle is -eptco*ered !ith liuid#

Kettle Reboiler



+he *apour mo*es up the column,and as it exits the top of the unit,it is cooled b a condenser#

+he condensed liuid is stored in

a holding *essel -no!n as there"ux drum# .ome of this liuid is reccled

bac- to the top of the columncalled the re"ux#

+he condensed liuid that isremo*ed from the sstem is-no!n as the top product#

Condensor



Bubble caps and trays



+emperature abo*e &%0/&80 °C is notfa*ourable in atmospheric column as highmolecular !eight compounds in crude !illgo thermal crac-ing and form co-e#

Formation of co-e !ill result in pluggingtubes

+herefore residue from atm column is sent

to *acuum distillation column#

Vacuum Distillation



$n acuum distillation the pressure is reducedto less than its *apor pressure (usuall lessthan atmospheric pressure) causinge*aporation of the most *olatile liuid(s)

(those !ith the lo!est boiling points)#

+his distillation method !or-s on theprinciple that boiling occurs !hen the *apor

pressure of a liuid exceeds the ambientpressure#

Vacuum Distillation

distillation.pptx

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