Distinguish between an element and a compound.

Both are (homogeneous) pure substances.

Elements can’t be broken down into simplerSubstances. (made up of only one type of atom)

Compounds can be broken into elements.(made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion)

Compare/contrast mixtures and compoundsCompounds have a constant (fixed) composition, mixtures do not. Each substance in a mixture retains its own properties, whereas the properties of a compound are different from those of the elements that comprise it.Compounds are homogeneous, mixtures can also be heterogeneous.

What separates the periodic table? (i.e what are the two major divisions)

Metals / non-metals

Name seven metalloids (semi-metals):

B , Si , Ge , As , Sb , Te , Po

Give the names of seven diatomic elements, then identify:

(a) the solid diatomic nonmetal and (b) the liquid diatomic nonmetal.

Br2, liquid (l)

Diatomic elements exist as molecules of two atoms:

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2

gases(g)

I2, solid (s)

Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Homogeneous mixtures are uniform – all parts are the same throughout.

(Solution)

A heterogeneous mixture has separate (distinct)“phases” or parts.

Classify each material as an element, compound, or mixture.

air

oxygen

sodium chloride

wine Mixture

Mixture

Compound

Element

Classify each material as an element, compound, or mixture.

paint

salt

copper

beer

Mixture

Mixture

CompoundElement

Distinguish between chemical and physical

properties.• Physical properties are the traits of substance that can be observed without altering it.

• Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts.

Distinguish between an extensive and an intensive physical property .

Extensive property – a physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present.

Intensive property – a physical property that remains the same no matter how much (independent)of a substance is present.

• Physical changes are changes in the physical properties; the substance remains the same chemically.

What is the fundamental difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

• Chemical changes result in a new chemical substance with different properties.

A. formation of a snowflake B. freezing ice cream C. boiling water D. churning cream to make butterE. boiling an egg F. souring milk

Classify the following as being primarily a physical or chemical change.

physical

physicalphysical

chemical

chemicalchemical

A. lighting a candle B. stirring cake batter C. dissolving sugar in water D. decomposition of limestone E. leaf turning yellow F. formation of bubbles in water

chemicalchemical

chemical

physical

physicalphysical

Classify the following as being primarily a physical or a chemical change.

1. Create a table that describes the three common states of matter in terms of their shape, volume, and compressibility.

Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Definite Takes container shape (indefinite)

Takes shape of container (indefinite)

Volume Definite Definite Fills volume of container (indefinite)

Compressibility

Incompressible

Virtually incompressible

Compressible

= Melting point

= Boiling point

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Freezing point

Condensation point

Soluble vs. insoluble

How do you distinguish the law of definite proportions from the law of multiple proportions?

VOVO2 V2O3V2O5

Individually - illustrate law of definite proportions

Collectively - illustrate law of multiple proportions