distributed intelligence provides self-healing for the grid
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Distributed Intelligence Provides Self-Healing for the Grid. [email protected] [email protected] Session 5 Paper 1199. Distributed Intelligence. Distributed Intelligence makes sense: Traditional centralized generation and one-way power flow model is changing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Distributed Intelligence Provides Self-Healing for the
Grid
[email protected]@sandc.com
Session 5 Paper 1199
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Distributed IntelligenceDistributed Intelligence
Distributed Intelligence makes Distributed Intelligence makes sense:sense: Traditional centralized generation Traditional centralized generation
and one-way power flow model is and one-way power flow model is changingchanging
Distributed Energy Resources will Distributed Energy Resources will connect at distribution voltagesconnect at distribution voltages
Local logic for bi-directional Local logic for bi-directional protection and automation acts on protection and automation acts on real-time informationreal-time information
Devices are becoming more Devices are becoming more intelligent and sensing more data. intelligent and sensing more data.
Onboard computation enables Onboard computation enables calculations and decision capabilitiescalculations and decision capabilities
OldOld
NewNew
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Smart Switching for the Smart GridSmart Switching for the Smart Grid
15
Test 1 Test 2Initial Trip
Time (sec)
Test 1 Test 2Initial Trip
Fault-Pulses
Time (sec)
Fault-Pulses
Sensors, communications, protection, measurements,
standalone or system integrated
New Types of switching – “Pulse closing” significantly reduce the damaging impacting of full fault current reclosing – 98% reduction in
fault energy
Recloser IntelliRuper™
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Point-on-Wave Closing Closing angle = 90° (voltage peak)
symmetrical fault current
Voltage
Current
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Point-on-Wave Closing A closing angle of 118° after a voltage zero yields
an initial minor loop
CLOSING ANGLE 118° AFTER VOLTAGE ZERO
Voltage
Current
This Is the Pulse!
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Pulse Closing Energy Fault I2t let-through is typically less than 2%
compared to a conventional recloser
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
100 1000 10000 100000
Current (Amps)
Tim
e (
se
co
nd
s)
Fault 1
Fault 2Fault 3
Fault 1 RMS Current Duration I2T
Conventional Reclosing
2,000 A 0.5420 s 2,168,000 A2s
Pulseclosing 930 A 0.0053 s 4,800 A2s (0.22%)
Fault 2
Conventional Reclosing
5,000 A 0.1620 s 4,050,000 A2s
Pulseclosing 2460 A 0.0055 s 34,400 A2s (0.85%)
Fault 3
Conventional Reclosing
12,500 A 0.0880 s 13,750,000 A2s
Pulseclosing 6380 A 0.0056 s 236,900 A2s (1.72%)
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Reclosing Vs Pulse Closing Energy
Conventional reclosers close, or reclose
Close and reclose are the same action three-phase group operated random point-on-wave
-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Fault Current - AmperesA
mp
s2 -Se
co
nd
s
RECLOSING
PULSECLOSING
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Conventional Reclosing B Phase Permanent Fault
Test 1 Test 2Initial TripTime (Not to Scale)
Additional Sht Ccts applied to the system
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Pulseclosing B Phase Permanent Fault
Test 1 Test 2Initial Trip
Fault-Pulses
Fault-Pulses
Time (Not to Scale)
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:
BY:
DATE:
NO:
12.47 kV
5-27-2005
5
0.01
0.1
1
10
5 10 100
Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.
Tim
e in S
econds
Circuit Protection
Station breaker relay curve Min Response Tolerance Breaker clearing time
Downstream interrupting devices Fuses Reclosers
Room for more
LARGEST FUSELARGEST FUSE ON CIRCUITON CIRCUIT
SUBSTATIONSUBSTATIONBREAKERBREAKER
MAX CLEARMAX CLEAR
MIN RESPONSEMIN RESPONSE
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:
BY:
DATE:
NO:
12.47 kV
5-27-2005
5
0.01
0.1
1
10
5 10 100
Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.
Tim
e in S
econds
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:
BY:
DATE:
NO:
12.47 kV
8-9-2005
8
0.01
0.1
1
10
5 10 100
Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.
Tim
e in
Sec
onds
Protection Setup
Substation relay settings
Enter downstream fuse characteristics
Generate Curve
SB A
A1A1
TCCTCCFUSEFUSE
TCCTCCA1A1
A2A2
TCCTCCFUSEFUSE
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Protection Setup
Repeat process until cannot coordinate
SB A
A1A1
TCCTCCFUSEFUSE
A2A2
A3A3
TCCTCCFUSEFUSETCCTCC
FUSEFUSE
A3A3
A4A4
PLOTTING VOLTAGE:
BY:
DATE:
NO:
12.47 kV
8-9-2005
10
0.01
0.1
1
10
5 10 100
Current in Amperes: x 100 at 12.47 kV.
Tim
e in
Sec
onds
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
Non-communicating automatic sectionalizing & restoration
Coordination as much as possible Shared curves for remaining devices
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=0 Fault in segment 5 All PulseClosers with A3 curve trip
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=1 sec IR-2 pulses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=1 sec IR-2 pulses and closes
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=1.5 sec IR-3 pulses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=1.5 sec IR-3 pulses and closes
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=2 sec IR-4 pulses
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
PulseFinder
T=2 sec IR-4 pulses and continues PulseClosing test
sequence
Self Healing
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Self Healing
Each device is enabled to talk to other team members
Exchange information on voltage, current, status, capacity
With loss of supply the team knows actual system status and reconfigures network to bring on new sources while dropping load if so required according to prioritization
Requires communication between devices, lower latency reasonable bandwidth.
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Rapid Self-Healing
SR
C
1
SR
C
2
SR
C
4
TEAM160A
TEAM370A
TEAM430A
TEAM540A
TEAM660A
100A Max
350A Max
400A Max
Normal circuit condition. Note source capacities.Loss of SRC 3.
120A
0A
0AN.O.N.O.
SR
C
3
TEAM2120A
260AN.O.
IR3
IR9
IR2
IR7 IR8IR6
IR4
IR1
IR5
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
TEAM160A
TEAM370A
TEAM430A
TEAM540A
TEAM660A
Rapid Self-Healing
SR
C
1
SR
C
2
SR
C
4
100A Max
350A Max
400A Max
IR5 senses loss of voltage, opens, and immediately initiates Rapid Self-Healing.
120A
0A
0AN.O.N.O.
SR
C
3
TEAM2120A
260AN.O.
IR3
IR9
IR2
IR7 IR8IR6
IR4
IR1
IR5
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Rapid Self-Healing
SR
C
1
SR
C
2
SR
C
4
TEAM160A
TEAM370A
TEAM430A
TEAM540A
TEAM660A
100A Max
350A Max
400A Max
IR8 is chosen as preferred source due to higher capacity. IR5 opens and IR8 closes to restore TEAMS 1, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Restoration complete!
120A
260A
0AN.O.N.O.
SR
C
3
TEAM2120A
0AN.O.
IR3
IR9
IR2
IR7 IR8IR6
IR4
IR1
IR5
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS
Benefits Only maintain one master database: GIS Ensures restoration system in the field is up-to-
date with latest field ‘as build data’ System propagates to each team member ie
only one needs to be updated
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS
Repeater Radio
Laptop Computer
IntelliRupter IR #3
IntelliRupter
IR #2
IntelliRupter IR #1
GIS DatabaseGet connectivity
model and device attributes
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Integration with DMS/GIS
Repeater Radio
Laptop Computer
IntelliRupter IR #3
IntelliRupter
IR #2
IntelliRupter IR #1
GIS Database
Daily updates of field work, such as new devices
installed, or lines reconductored
Automatic daily push of updated
circuits
Display updated IT-SG configurations
for user to acknowledge
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Repeater Radio
Laptop Computer
IntelliRupter IR #3
IntelliRupter
IR #2
IntelliRupter IR #1
Integration with DMS/GIS
DMSAutomatic
push of updated circuits
Display updated IT-SG configurations
for user to acknowledge
GIS Database
DMS planning functions may desire a new
“normal” configuration
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Layered Intelligence™Layered Intelligence™Hybrid control systems (centralized and distributed) Hybrid control systems (centralized and distributed)
complement each other:complement each other: Distributed Intelligence acts in real-time for Distributed Intelligence acts in real-time for
protection and restoration, takes care of the protection and restoration, takes care of the problem and reports complete status to central problem and reports complete status to central systemsystem
operators can then fine-tune the system operators can then fine-tune the system integrating Distributed Intelligence with centralizedintegrating Distributed Intelligence with centralized
exchange of informationexchange of information example: implement “new normal” configurationexample: implement “new normal” configuration turn data (Scada) into informationturn data (Scada) into information
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Operational Time frame
Centralized Control
Distributed Intelligence
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Systems with distributed IntelligenceSystems with distributed IntelligenceSmart Switching
Energy Storage
Communications
Substation based
Existing Switching Devices:upgrade to distributed
intelligence
Pad Mounted
SCADA switches
Status & Data
Control Centre
Questions?