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ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZkTION REPORT FOR THE YUCCA MOUNTAlN SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT

Volume 2

Design Data

R A. Van Konynenburg and

R.D. McCright Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

A. K. Roy B&W Fuel Company

D.A. Jones University of Nevada - Reno

December 30,1994

1. Introduction 2. Waste Package and Engineered Bamer System Terminology 3. History of Engineered Materials Selection and CharacteGzation for the

Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project 3.1 History of Materials Selection 3.2 History of Materials Characterization

4. Engineered Bamer System Materials Characterization Workshop 4.1 Background 4.2 Substantially Complete Containment 4.3 Design Factors and Programs 4.4 Materials Selection 4.5 Factors Affecting Corrosion 4.6 Repository Environment 4.7 Microbiologically-Influenced Corrosion 4.8 Performance Assessment 4.9 Testing

5. Current List of Candidate Materials 5.1 Metallic Barriers

5.1.1 Corrosion Resistant Candidate Materials 5.1.2 Corrosion Allowance Candidate Materials 5.1.3 Intermediate or Moderately Corrosion Resistant Candidate

Mate rials 5.2 Basket Materials 5.3 Filler Materials 5.4 Packing Materials 5.5 Backfill Materials 5.6 Non-Metallic Barriers 5.7 Final Remarks

6. References 7. Tables

2

ENGINEERED MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION REPORT FOR THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN SITE CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT

Volume 1 Inbroduction, History and Current Candidates

Abstract

Volume2 DesignData

Abstract

1. Introduction 2. Current List of Candidate Materials 3. Degraded Materials Properties 4. Final Remarks 5 References 6. Tables and Figures

Volume3 C o d o n D a t a a n d M d ~

Abstract

1. Degradation Mode Surveys 2. Results of Corrosion Testing 3. Radiation Effects on Corrosion 4. Modeling 5. References

3

Abstract

This three-volume report serves several purposes. The first volume provides an introduction to the engineered materials effort for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. It defines terms, and outlines the history of selection and characterization of these materials. A summary of the recent engineered barrier materials characterization workshop is presented, and the current candidate materials are listed. The second volume tabulates design data for engineered materials, and the third volume is devoted to corrosion data, radiation effects on corrosion, and corrosion modeling. The second and third volumes are intended to be evolving documents, to which new data will be added as they become available from additional studies. The initial version of Volume 3 is devoted to information currently available for environments most similar to those expected in the potential Yucca Mountain repository. Each volume contains a separate list of references pertinent to it.

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1. Introduction

Volume 2 of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report presents the design data for candidate materials needed in fabricating different components for both large and medium multi-purpose canister (MPC) disposal containers, waste packages for containing uncanistered spent fuel (UCF), and defense high-level waste (HLW) glass disposal Containers'. The UCF waste package consists of a disposal container with a basket therein. It is assumed that the waste packages will incorporate all-metallic multibarrier disposal containers to accommodate medium and large MPCs, UCF, and HLW glass canisters. Unless otherwise specified, the disposal container designs incorporate an outer corrosion-allowance metal barrier over an inner corrosion- resistant metal barrier. The corrosion-allowance barrier, which will be thicker than the inner corrosion-resistant barrier, is designed to undergo corrosion-induced degradation at a very low rate, thus providing the inner barrier protection from the near-field environment for a prolonged service period.

2. Current List of Candidate Materials

In Volume 1 of this report, a list of candidate materials for multibarrier containers was presented. Table 1-6 from Volume 1 is reproduced in this volume, showing these candidates. In this volume, we have tabulated design data for these candidate materials as well as data for materials under consideration'by designers for other applications. The presented data on these materials were obtained from the open literature and available specifications developed by various technical societies. For some of the materials identified in this report, for which data on some specific attributes are not available from the open literature, data for materials with chemical compositions very similar to the identified materials are presented. We have faithfully reproduced the data as they were found in the literature. In subsequent revisions, we will convert all the data to S.I. units.

Type 316L Stainless Steel

. The primary function of the MPC shell is to confine the radionuclides throughout the storage period, during transfer operations involved in transportation, and during handling a t the repository. Thus, the metallic material to be used for the shell should be highly corrosion resistant. The shell could be exposed to a variety of environmental conditions, which could lead to several forms of corrosion, including pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. The shell may also be subject to microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) and environment-assisted embrittlement. Thus, the material for the MPC shell should possess sufEcient resistance to these types of degradation modes.

The function of the structural component of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) basket is to provide separation of the SNF assemblies and to ensure that they remain in their original positions without interference as emplaced. The basket material should maintain structural integrity, and be capable of conducting heat away from the waste. Furthermore, it should be compatible with the basket criticality control material and waste form. In view of these requirements, the selected material should possess

5

sufficient strength and toughness, high thermal conductivity, superior fabricability, and excellent corrosion resistance.

The above requirements can most effectively be met by using corrosion-resistant, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code materials such as Type 316L stainless steel. However, Type 316L stainless steel may not provide long-term containment performance in the repository. Therefore, alternate materials such as Alloy 825, one of the Hasklloys or a Titanium alloy may be considered to ensure maintenance of integrity for as long as possible, should the containment barriers be breached.

The 300 series austenitic stainless steels that contain chromium (Cr), nickel (Nil and molybdenum (Mol are noted for strength, exceptional toughness, ductility and formability. As a class, they exhibit considerably better corrosion resistance than martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, and also have excellent strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.

These steels are annealed after cold working to ensure maximum corrosion resistance and to restore maximum softness and ductility. Solution annealing treatment of these alloys is done by heating them to about llOOOC followed by rapid cooling. Carbides that are dissolved at this temperature may precipitate at grain boundaries as chromium carbides upon exposure to temperatures ranging between 400 and 80OOC Under this condition, these materials become sensitive to intergranular corrosion in aqueous environments in the presence of many dissolved species. The precipitation of chromium carbides can, however, be controlled by reducing the carbon content, as in Types 304L and 316L, or by adding stronger carbide formers such as titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb), as in Types 321 and 347.

The chemical composition of Type 316L stainless steel2 is shown in Table 2-1. To offset the loss of strength resulting from lower carbon levels, nitrogen levels are maintained between 0.06 and 0.1 weight percent for nuclear grade Type 316 (i.e., 316NG) stainless steel, and between 0.10 and 0.16 weight percent for Type 316LN materials. Furthermore, for Type 316NG stainless steels, the carbon content has been limited to 0.02 weight percent. Due to the presence of Mo, Type 316L stainless steel possesses improved corrosion resistance, compared to Type 304L stainless steel, and, in particular, improved resistance to localized attack such as pitting and crevice corrosion, when exposed to many types of corrosive environments. Furthermore, Type 316L stainless steel possesses superior creep strength a t elevated temperatures, compared to Type 304L stainless steel.

Austenitic Type 316L stainless steel is easily welded, and produces welded joints that are characterized by a high degree of toughness, even in the as-welded condition. Serviceable joints can be readily produced if the composition and the physical and mechanical properties are tailored to the welding process and condition.

Ambient temperature mechanical properties3 of Type 316L stainless steel are presented in Table 2-2. This grade of material has excellent impact resistance, with Charpy impact energies of greater than 135 joules (100 ft.lb) at room temperature. Cryogenic temperatures have very little or no effect on impact energy. However, cold

6

work lowers the resistance to impact at all temperatures. Thermal properties3,4 and some physical for Type 316L stainless steel are shown in Tables 2-3 and 2-4, respectively. Some of the physical properties (i.e., density, thermal diffusivity, and electrical resistivity) of Type 316L stainless steel are not available as a function of temperature. Therefore, these physical properties for Type 316 stainless steel at various temperatures4 are presented in Table 2-5. Table 2-6 shows a comparison of tensile properties4 a t different temperatures for both Types 316 and 316L stainless steels. Designations and specifications €or these grades of austenitic stainless steel include the following :

UNS S31603 ASTM A 167, A 182, A 240, A 276, A 473 and A 580 ASME SA 182, SA 213, SA 240, SA 249, SA 312, SA 403, SA 479 and SA 688 DIN 1.4404

Alloy 825

The primary function of the inner containment barrier is to contain the radionuclides. Thus, the metallic material to be used for this application should be highly corrosion resistant. Alloy 825, a nickel-iron-chromium (Ni-Fe-Cr) alloy with additions of molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), and titanium (Ti), has been identified to be the primary metal for the inner container. The chemical composition5*6 of this alloy, shown in Table 2-7, is designed to provide a combination of excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, and desirable mechanical properties and fabricability. The Ni content is sufEcient to prevent chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking. The Ni in conjunction with the hlo and Cu, can also provide sufficient corrosion resistance in reducing environments such as sulfuric and phosphoric acids. The presence of Mo significantly enhances the resistance of this alloy to localized attack such as pitting and crevice corrosion. The high Cr content confers superior corrosion resistance to a variety of oxidizing environments such as nitric acid, nitrates, and oxidizing salts. The addition of Ti serves, with proper thermal treatment, to stabilize this alloy against sensitization to intergranular attack. A n alternate metal for the inner container is Alloy 825 with higher Mo content8, for which the chemical composition is shown in Table 2-8. This modification, through increased Mo, is designed to provide enhanced resistance to localized corrosion.

Alloy 825 possesses good mechanical properties up to moderately high temperatures (54OoC), beyond which microstructural changes can occur resulting in reduction of ductility and toughness. This alloy, however, has good impact strength at ambient temperature, and retains its strength at cryogenic temperatures. The room temperature tensile properties7, some physical constants7 and therm2 properties7 are presented in Tables 2-9, 2-10 and 2-11, respectively. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio over a range of temperature7 are shown in Table 2-12. This alloy can be substantially hardened by cold working, as shown in Table 2-9. Thus, the annealing temperatures are critical in maintaining the high degree of corrosion resistance in this material. Therefore, annealing should be done for a selected time

7

subsequent to the cold working process. A temperature of 980OC provides a combination of softness and fine grain structure for deep-drawing temper without sacrificing corrosion resistance. Quenching, following annealing, is usually not required for thin cross section such as sheet, strip and wire, but rapid cooling is desired to prevent sensitization in heavier sections.

Standard machining operations can be readily performed on Alloy 825. In general, Alloy 825 is considered to possess superior machinability, compared to austenitic Type 316L stainless steel. .Stainless steels have been characterized as gummy during cutting, showing a tendency to produce long, stringy chips, which seize or form a build-up edge on the tool, thus reducing its life and degrading the surface finish. Furthermore this grade of material has good weldability by all conventional processes. This alloy is approved as a material of construction under the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and is included in Sections I, 111, VIII, and IX of the Code. Table 2-13 lists allowable design stresses9 for pressure vessels covered by Section VIII, Division 1, of the Code. High temperature tensile properties of cold-drawn and annealed Alloy 825 rod7 are shown in Figure 2-1. Applications of this type of material include chemical processing, pollution control, oil and gas recovery, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and handling radioactive wastes. Designations and specifications for Alloy 825 include the following :

UNS NO8825 ASTM B 705 ASME SB 705 DIN 17744,17750,17751,17752 and 17754

Alloy C-4 (Hastelloy (2-4) /Alloy C-22 (Hastelloy (2-22)

Alloys C-4 and C-22 have been identified to be the alternate metallic materials for the inner container of the waste package. Allov C-4 is a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with outstanding high-temperature stability as evidenced by high ductility and corrosion resistance even after aging in the 650 to 1050OC temperature range. This material resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ), thus making it suitable for applications in the as-welded condition. Alloy C-4 has exceptional corrosion resistance to a wide variety of environments including seawater, brines, mineral acids, solvents, and organic and inorganic media. In particular, its resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in these environments is excellent. The chemical compositionlo of Alloy C-4 is shown in Table 2-14.

Alloy C-4 can be forged, hot-upset, and impact extruded. Although this alloy tends to work-harden, it can be successfully deep-drawn, spun, press formed or punched. All of the common welding methods can be used to weld Alloy (2-4, although the oxy- acetylene and submerged arc processes are not recommended when the fabricated item is intended for use in corrosive environments.

.

Wrought forms of Alloy C-4 are generally supplied in the mill-annealed condition unless otherwise specified. Alloy C-4 is solution annealed at 1066OC followed by

8

quenching. Annealing is done after cold working operations to restore ductility and lower the yield and ultimate tensile strengths. Because of the very low carbon contents or the presence of stabilizing elements, post-weld thermal treatments are not required. Intermetallic precipitates such as mu-phase based on the FegMo2 structure, observed with high Ni alloys in the 650 to llOOOC temperature range, have not been detected in Alloy C-4. Fine intergranular M6C carbides can, however, form but their damaging effect is minimal. The average physical propertieslO, dynamic modulus of elasticitylo, and tensile datalo for plate and weldments are shown in Tables 2-15, 2- 16 and 2-17, respectively. Alloy C-4 plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing and pipe are covered by ASME specifications SB 574, SB 619, SB 622 and SB 626, and by ASTM specifications B 574, B 619, B 622 and B 626. In addition, it falls under UNS number N06455.

Allov C-22 is a versatile Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with better overall corrosion resistance than other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys available today. It possesses outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. It has excellent resistance to oxidizing aqueous environments including wet chlorine and oxidizing acids with chloride ions. In particular, its resistance to corrosive damage in environments containing ferric and cupric chlorides, formic and acetic acids, and seawater and brines is excellent. Alloy C- 22 resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the HAZY thus rendering it suitable for applications in the as-welded condition. The chemical composition1 of Alloy C-22 is shown in Table 2-18.

Wrought forms of this alloy are generally fwi shed in the solution annealed condition. Annealing is done a t 112OOC followed by water quenching or rapid air cooling. The average physical properties1 1, modulus of elasticity11 and tensile datal are shown in Tables 2-19, 2-20 and 2-21, respectively. Alloy C-22 is covered by ASME Section VIII, Division 1. Plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing, and pipe are covered by ASME specifications SB 574, SB 575, SB 619, SB 622 and SB 626, and by ASTM specifications B 574, B 575, B 619, B 622 and B 626. DIN specification for this alloy is 17744 No. 2.4602 (all forms), and it falls within the range of UNS number N06022.

Ti Grade 12 / Ti Grade 16

The primary reasons for identifying titanium-base alloys as inner containment barrier materials stem from their outstanding corrosion resistance, and useful combination of low density and high strength. One important characteristic of Ti-base materials is the reversible transformation of the crystal structure from an alpha (hexagonal close- packed) structure to beta (body-centered cubic) structure when the temperatures exceed a certain level. This allotropic behavior depends on the type and amount of alloy contents. Ti alloys can be classified into different categories. Ti Grade 12 and Ti Grade 16, however, come under the categories of near-alpha and alpha structures, respectively.

The chemical composition12 of Ti Grade 12 is shown in Table 2-22. This grade of alloy was developed as a cost-effective alternative to Ti Grade 7 (i.e., Ti-0.15%Pd) for hot

9

brine applications where unalloyed Ti suffered localized attack. The minor additions of Ni (0.6 to 0.9 wt %) and Mo (0.2 to 0.4 wt %) to Ti Grade 2 to formulate this alloy ennoble the alloy by shifting the electrochemical potential to more positive values, thereby promoting stabilization of the protective oxide (Ti02) surface film. They also provide an added benefit by significantly strengthening the Ti through the introduction of a small amount of 13 phase into the structure, and through solution effects.

Heat treatment following cold working is desired for Ti Grade 12. Annealing at around 7OOOC is performed13 to produce an optimal combination of ductility, machinability, and structural stability. Generous amounts of water soluble oil are recommended to prevent overheating during machining, and to maintain tool life. The physical constantsl3, and room temperature tensile propertiesl3 are shown in Tables 2-23 and 2-24, respectively. High-temperature tensile properties14 of this alloy are illustrated in Figure 2-2. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of this alloy are shown in Figure 2-3 as functions of test temperaturesl4.

Ti Grade 12 can be hot worked in the temperature range of 850 to 925OC. Surface contamination is minimized by hot working at the lowest possible temperature, and the atmosphere should be slightly oxidizing to minimize hydrogen pick-up. This alloy can be readily formed using the standard techniques employed with other Ti alloys. With respect to welding, gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) techniques similar to those used for stainless steels are generally employed. Extraordinary measures are to be taken to assure metal cleanliness and total inert gas shielding during welding. Matching filler metal is recommended to maintain corrosion resistance. Post-weld thermal treatment is generally not required. This grade of Ti alloy is covered by ASTM specifications B 265, B 337, B 338, B 348, B 363 and B 381. ASME9 has given code approval to this alloy for Section VIII, Division 1 (Case No. 1843). The UNS number for this material is R53400.

Although Ti Grade 7, which contains 0.15% Pd, is by far the most corrosion resistant Ti alloy, high cost stemming from' significant Pd content and limited mill product availability have severely inhibited its use. This has prompted development of Ti alloys with Pd contents of 0.045 to 0.070 %, thereby reducing alloy mill product prices by approximately 25%. One such newly developed alloyl5 is Ti Grade 16, which is very similar in composition to Ti Grade 2 with an exception that it contains 0.05% Pd. No significant change in mechanical and physical properties are anticipated due to this alloy addition. On the contrary, the presence of Pd significantly improves the corrosion resistance. The chemical composition15 of this modified grade of Ti alloy is shown in Table 2-25.

Carbon Steel

A 516 carbon steel16 is recommended as the primary metal for the outer containment barrier. The outer barrier will be thicker than the inner barrier, and will also have a functional requirement of containing the radionuclides and attenuating gamma

10

radiation. A steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is specified or required for major alloying elements such as Cr, Co, Cb, Mo, Ni, Ti, W, V, Zr, AI or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect. Carbon steels are generally categorized according to their carbon content. Generally speaking, carbon steels can be subdivided into four categories : low-carbon, medium-carbon, high-carbon and ultrahigh-carbon steels. The low-carbon steel being considered for the fabrication of outer containment barrier is covered by ASTM Specification A 516, that includes pressure vessel plate steels of various thickness with four strength levels. The chemical composition16 of grade 55, A 516 steel is shown in Table 2-26.

Pressure vessel and boiler materials presently covered by ASTM Specification A 516 were previously19 covered by ASTM Specification A-212. However, extensive experimental data are available on these materials produced under this now obsolete specification. These data can, therefore, be used as a guide until suflicient data-are generated for materials produced under the A 516 specification. The room- temperature tensile properties16 of Grade 55, A 516 steel are shown in Table 2-27. Since the physical and thermal properties of A 516 steel at this strength level are not available as a function of temperature, data have been presented here on AISI 1020 steel for which the chemical composition is very similar to A 516 steel with an exception of the presence of silicon (Si) in A 516 material. Thermal properties including specific heatl7, and physical constants17,18 at various temperatures for AISI 1020 carbon steel are shown in Tables 2-28,2-29 and 2-30, respectively. Table 2- 31 shows the transverse tensile properties of A 212B carbon steel having chemical composition19 within the compositional range of A 516 plate steel.

Both hot and cold forming can be done to form A 516 Grade 55 steel. Cold forming should be done at temperatures not less than 38OC. Flame cutting can be done provided the material is preheated. to 93OC and the cut edge subseqQently ground to bright metal. Welding19 of this grade of material should include a preheat and interpass temperature of 93OC for plate thickness greater than 1-1/4 inches, and for all thickness when the metal temperature is below 15OC. This material needs stress relief following welding, by heating to 600OC, holding I hour per inch of thickness, and cooling at the rate of 50% per hour to 300OC followed by air cooling. A low alloy filler metal is generally recommended for meeting the mechanical properties requirements. The general procedure is to match the filler metal with the base metal in terms of strength.

In addition to wrought carbon steel (i.e., A 5161, cast carbon steel such as A 27 Grade 60-30 has been identified as an alternate material for the outer containment barrier. The chemical composition20 and the tensile properties requirements20 of this grade of carbon steel casting are shown in Tables 2-32 and 2-33, respectively. This material, which is covered by ASTM Standard A 2720, should be thermally treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering.

2-114 Cr - 1 M o Steel

A steel containing 2-1/4% Cr and 1% Mo steel has been identified as an alternate material for the waste package outer container. This material is a low-carbon, low- alloy ferritic steel that has excellent creep-resistance properties at temperatures up to 600OC. This material is extensively used in the utility industry for fabricating parts for boilers and pressure vessels where temperatures typically range between 500 and 600OC. This material has been known to possess very high allowable design stresses at temperatures exceeding 565OC. It has a high degree of microstructural stability, and possesses excellent formability and weldability. In addition, it has good resistance to aqueous corrosion in terms of both weight-loss, and cracking susceptibility. This material tends to form a fairly adherent oxide film under high-temperature steam or water exposure, with an oxidation ratez2 which is parabolic with time. This grade of alloy is highly resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking, and is almost immune to stress corrosion cracking in aqueous solution containing 5% NaOH. The chemical composition21, and tensile properties requirements of Grade 22, ASTM A 387 steel are shown in Tables 2-34 and 2-35, respectively.

This material is primarily used in the annealed, normalized-and-tempered, and quenched-and-tempered conditions. For annealing, the material is austenitized at temperatures ranging between 870 and 930OC followed by furnace cooling. A 2-hour hold at 7OOOC is sometimes used. For normalizing, austenitizing is done at temperatures of 900 to 950OC followed by an air cooling. Tempering is conducted at 580 to 770OC. Instead of air cooling, accelerated liquid spray cooling is sometimes practiced after tempering for sections thicker than four inches. For quenching, this alloy is austenitized at temperatures between 950 and 980OC followed by an oil quench. Tempering is done at 565 to 675%. Typical holding times at the desired temperatures are one hour per inch of section thickness.

The microstructure of annealed 2-114 Cr - 1 Mo steel is predominantly ferrite with dispersed carbides and pearlite and possibly bainite. Molybdenum carbides, mainly of type M2C, are responsible for providing the desired creep-rupture properties under all heat-treated conditions. A disadvantage of this material is that it is prone to temper embrittlement when exposed in the temperature range of 300 to 5OO0C, or when subjected to slow cooling from 600 to 300OC. An associated effect of temper embrittlement of this material is the reduction of resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

The thermal propertieszz, physical constants22, and tensile properties22 of 2-114 Cr - 1 Mo steel at various test temperatures are shown in Tables 2-36, 2-37 and 2-38, respectively. Since no information is available on the specific heat of this material at various temperatures, specific heat values of 1 Cr - 112 Mo steell8 at different temperatures are shown in Table 2-39. Weldability of low alloy steel such as 2-114 Cr - 1 Mo decreases as yield strength increases. However, for all practical purposes, welding this material is the same as welding plain carbon steels that have similar

12

carbon equivalents. Preheating may sometimes be required, but postheating is almost never required. This material is covered by ASTM Specification2l A 387 / A 387M - 90a.

Alloy 400

Alloy 400 has been identified as an alternate material for the outer containment barrier of a waste package exposed to a wet environment. Monel nickel-copper Alloy 400 is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. I t has high strength and toughness over a wide range of temperature. In addition, its resistance to many corrosive environments is excellent. The chemical c o m p o ~ i t i o n ~ 3 9 ~ ~ of Alloy 400 is shown in Table 2-40. The cold-worked material requires a low-temperature annealing (760-815OC) to develop the optimum combinations of strength and ductility, and to ensure dimensional stability following machining. Annealing should be conducted23 in a sulfur-free, reducing atmosphere, since this material may undergo sulfur embrittlement in a sulfurous atmosphere. The tensile proper tie^^^, and physical constants24 of Alloy 400 plate material a t ambient temperature are shown in Tables 2-41 and 2-42, respectively. The thermal properties23, and high temperature tensile properties24 of Alloy 400 are shown in Tables 2-43 and 2-44, respectively. Alloy 400 does not undergo ductile-brittle transition even when cooled to the temperature of liquid hydrogen.

Alloy 400 can be readily hot and cold worked. Hot working should be conducted in the temperature range of 925 - 115OOC. This material can be readily machined. However, due to its high toughness, cutting speeds are somewhat slower than those for carbon steel. Virtually any lubricant or coolant, or none a t all, can be used in machining Monel alloys. Welding of Alloy 400 can be done readily by both gas and electric methods. Gas welding is done with the aid of a special flux. Flux-coated welding rods should be used for arc-welded joints. Electric seam welding is adaptable for joining thin sheets.

Monel Alloy 400 is resistant to most alkalies, salts, waters, organic substances, and atmospheric conditions, both at normal and elevated temperatures. In particular, its corrosion resistance in reducing chemical environments, and in sea water is excellent. However, this material is highly susceptible to corrosive attack in solutions of ferric, stannic, and mercuric salts due to their strongly oxidizing nature. Furthermore, this alloy has limited usefulness in oxidizing acids such as nitric and nitrous acids. Also, molten sulfur attacks this material at temperatures above 260OC. Alloy 400 is covered by ASTM Spec i f i~a t ion~~ B 127 - 91.

Alloy C71500

Alloy C71500, commonly known as 70/30 cupronickel, is the most commonly used copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy. This alloy has been identified to be the alternate material for fabricating the outer barrier of the defense HLW glass disposal container. Its combination of desired strength, even a t slightly elevated temperatures, formability,

13

weldability, and exceptional corrosion resistance make this alloy a natural choice for applications requiring sufficient strength and corrosion resistance. Its excellent resistance to corrosion from sea water and processing fluids has made this material the alloy of choice for heat-exchanger applications of all kinds. The chemical c o m p ~ s i t i o n ~ ~ of wrought C71500 alloy is shown in Table 2-45. Flat products of Alloy C71500 are covered by ASTM Specification26 B 171B 171M - 91a.

The Cu-Ni alloys offer a wide range of tensile properties in both annealed and cold- worked or heat treated conditions. The typical physical p rope r t i e~2~-~9 , and tensile propertiesz7 of wrought annealed plate of C71500 material are shown in Tables 2-46 and 2-47, respectively. This alloy can retain its strength at somewhat elevated temperatures. The high-temperature tensile properties28 are shown in Table 2-49. Table 2-48 shows the thermal conductivity27 of Alloy C71500 at elevated tempera tures.

The Cu-Ni alloys can be readily hot worked using conventional methods such as rolling, forging, pressing, and extrusion. Alloy C71500, however, requires relatively higher extrusion pressure compared to other Cu-Ni alloys. The wrought Cu-Ni alloys generally do not work harden rapidly; thus they need conventional cold working to work harden. The combination of cold working and annealing are used to control the grain size, and the desired mechanical properties of these alloys. The annealing temperature depends upon several variables including alloy composition, the degree of cold work, and the properties desired. Annealing should be done in an inert atmosphere to minimize oxidation, thus improving the surface finish.

Alloy C71500 can be readily welded using shielded metal-arc, gas tungsten-arc, gas metal-arc, and resistance welding processes. Welding is done using ERCuNi electrode wire. This alloy can be machined readily provided the tool configuration, cutting speeds and feeds, and cutting fluids are properly selected. Descaling of Alloy C71500 is performed by pickling in oxidizing acids.

Borated 316 Stainless Steel

Austenitic stainless steel containing boron (B) is used in the nuclear industry for criticality control, transportation casks, and spent fuel storage racks. The addition of either natural or enriched boron to stainless steel increases its thermal neutron absorption capability due to the presence of IOB isotope. Depending upon attenuation requirements, up to 2.5% boron may be added to austenitic stainless steel such as Type 304. However, increasing the boron content beyond 0.74% results in the reduction of ductility and impact resistance. Therefore, it is desirable to use borated stainless steel that possesses both neutron attenuation properties and adequate ductility and impact toughness.

Borated stainless steels are covered by ASTM specification30 A 887 - 89, that includes both conventional (Grade B) and improved (Grade A) types of borated Type 304 austenitic stainless steels. The chemical composition requirements30 for both Grades

A and B a t a given boron content are shown in Table 2-50. While borated Type 316 stainless steel has been identified as the basket criticality material? the current ASTM specification30 does not cover the boron-containing Type 316 austenitic stainless steel. Type 316 contains somewhat reduced nickel and chromium, compared to Type 304, but has some molybdenum in it. While a borated type 304 stainless steel can be used for criticality control, a Type 316 stainless steel containing boron would be preferred due to its improved resistance to localized corrosion in the presence of chlorides.

The key to the improved hot workability of Grade A borated stainless steel is the development of a microstructure consisting of a uniform dispersion of very fine borides. The fine uniform boride distribution also accounts for the improved room temperature ductility that allows the Grade A material to be cold worked more severely than the Grade B at a given boron content. The fabricability of the Grade A steel is superior to the Grade B in a number of areas, including machining and welding. In general, the borated Type 304 stainless steels are readily weldable using conventional stainless steel welding consumable such as AWS E/ER Type 308-L for thin sections, and AWS E/ER type 309-L for sections thicker than 0.25 inch. The ambient temperature mechanical properties30 are shown in Table 2-51. Tables 2-52 and 2-53 show a comparison of typical mechanical properties31 of the Grades A and B borated Type 304 stainless steels (manufactured by Carpenter Technology Corporation) at ambient temperature and 350°C, respectively.

With regard to the neutron attenuation, it bas been theorized that the Grade A material with a finely dispersed boride structure will be more effective in attenuating the neutrons than the coarser, less uniformly dispersed borides in the Grade B material. Having finer borides reduces the probability that a neutron can penetrate the material without striking a boride particle. Since no ASTM or any other specification is currently available on borated Type 316 stainless steel, it appears appropriate to encourage stainless steel manufacturers such as Carpenter Technology Corporation to develop a specification on this type of material.

Aluminum-Boron Alloy

Aluminum-boron alloys possess neutronic properties similar to those of boron-loaded stainless steel. One such alloy, commercially known as Alboron and manufactured by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., is composed of 1100 series Aluminum and enriched boron. Alboron can, however be made using various aluminum alloys depending on the desired properties? Natural boron's excellent ability to capture neutrons is due to the presence of IOB isotope, which occurs at approximately 18 weight percent in natural boron, the remainder being the LIB isotope. The 1OB enrichment in Alboron is about 95 weight percent. "JB isotope has a large thermal neutron absorption cross section. Accordingly? this alloy has been identified as an alternate material to be used in baskets for criticality control.

Alb0ron3~ is an alloy composed of AB2 blended with aluminum to achieve a desired boron concentration not exceeding 5.0 weight percent. Above 4.5 weight percent of

15

boron, however, Alboron becomes brittle due to AlB2 bonding with aluminum. The chemical comp0sition3~ of this alloy is shown in Table 2-54. Alboron containing 4.5 weight percent boron can have a yield strength of about half that of martensitic type 416 stainless steel. Aluminum alloys can be strengthened by age hardening for heat treatable alloys, and dispersion strengthening for non-heat treatable alloys. Age hardened aluminum alloy has a tensile strength similar to annealed austenitic type 304 stainless steel, and a yield strength of approximately 73 ksi, about twice that of Type 304 stainless steel. The physical c0nstants3~ at different temperatures are shown in Table 2-55.

Alboron, having properties of aluminum, is readily molded and extruded. Furthermore, ease in shaping, welding, forming, pressing, and milling are features making this material desirable. Alboron is considerably less costly than stainless steel while achieving similar strength at half the weight.

BORAL

Bora133 is another material under consideration for use in baskets as a criticality control material. It is a precision-hot-rolled, composite plate material consisting of a core of mixed aluminum and boron carbide particles with aluminum cladding on both sides. It has received wide use in the nuclear industry, as control blades in research reactors and as criticality control materials in spent fuel pools. Its properties are shown in Tables 2-56, 2-57, and 2-58.

Alloy 6063

Aluminum alloy 6063 is being considered for enhancing the thermal conductivity of the basket criticality control material by using a sandwiched structure of borated Type 316 stainless steel and 6063 aluminum alloy. Alloy 6063 is a heat treatable Al- Mg-Si alloy, in which hardening is achieved by the finely divided precipitation of the stoichiometric compound Mg2Si, which is a stable &phase of the equilibrium diagram. Thermal treatment involves solution annealing at 520OC, followed by aging a t 175OC for 3 to 8 hours. The chemical composition34 of Alloy 6063 is shown in Table 2-59. This material is covered by ASTM Specification34 : B 221B 221M - 92a.

Aluminum alloys are designated by a system based on the sequences of mechanical or thermal treatment, or both, to produce various tempers. For example, 6063-T6 represents a group of Al-Mg-Si alloy products that are not cold worked after solution heat treatment, and for which mechanical properties or dimensional stability, or both, have been substantially improved by precipitation heat treatment. The physical properties29,35 of Alloy 6063-T6 at ambient temperature are shown in Table 2-60.

Alloy 6063 has an excellent extrudability, which is generally measured in terms of the maximum extrusion rate achievable without compromising material integrity or surface finish. The use of nitrided dies and small bearing surfaces help in obtaining desired surface finish at high extrusion velocities. Alloy 6063, however, has relatively

16

poor machinability due to its lower hardness. This alloy is readily weldable. Gas tungsten arc, or gas metal arc welding may be used, and postweld thermal treatment is generally not needed.

Alloy 6063 has an excellent corrosion resistance, in particular, resistance to general corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in seawater in the presence of oxygen at pH ranging between 4.5 and 8. In addition, this material is found to possess s f ic ien t resistance to swelling when subjected to neutron irradiation. The elevated temperature tensile properties35, and thermal expansion coefficients a t various temperaturesag for Alloy 6063 are shown in Tables 2-61 and 2-62, respectively.

Depleted Uranium

The function of the shield plug is to reduce the radiation dose so that the radiation workers can install the remote MPC lid closure device, namely the automatic welding apparatus. Thus, the plug material should be effective in shielding both gamma and neutron radiation. Since the shield plug has no specific function relative to containment, the use of depleted uranium with stainless steel sheathing has been suggested for the shield plug. These materials are compatible with the structural component. Also, the presence of uranium could reduce the corrosion rate of SNF', since it introduces uranium cations into solution which retards the U02 dissolution process. It is also a potential method of disposing of slightly contaminated uranium in the government stockpile.

High Purity Iron

The filler material may be needed to provide enhanced heat transfer, criticality control, and chemical buffering. The currently preferred material is a size-graded high purity iron shot, which would fill a substantial percentage of the space in and around the spent fuel assemblies to assist in the transfer of heat fr-om the fuel rods, preclude the need for assuming complete water inundation of the SNF in criticality calculations, and provide chemical buffering of any water that enters the canister.

3. Degraded Materials Properties

The data presented in the tables and figures of Section 6 of this volume apply to materials as received from suppliers and numerous literature. Over long time periods in the repository, it is expected that some degradation of properties will occur. Modeling of this degradation is one of the topics to be covered in Volume 3 of this report. This work is currently in its early stages, and progress will depend on obtaining results from long-term testing.

4. Final Remarks

The Waste Package Plan36 and the Waste Package Implementation Plan1 describe the process for waste package materials selection for designs different from those described in this revision of the Engineered Materials Characterization Report. As discussed in the above documents, different EBS concepts requiring different waste package designs will necessitate revisiting both the materials selection criteria and the materials selection process using selection criteria that are revised as needed.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, OEce of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Office, Las Vegas, NV, and performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG 48 and by TRW Environmental Safety Systems Inc. under contract number DE-ACO1- RW00134.

18

5. References:

1. "Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Waste Package Implementation Plan," YMP/92-11, Rev. 0, ICN 2, September 1993.

2. "Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels," ASME Specification : SA - 240 , 1990.

3. "Properties and Selection : Irons, Steels, and High - Performance Alloys," Metals Handbook, Volume 1, Tenth Edition.

4. "316 Stainless," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue University.

5. "Standard Specification for Nickel-Alloy (UNS NO6625 and N08825) Welded Pipe," ASTM Designation: B 705 - 82.

6. "Specification for Nickel-Alloy (UNS NO6625 and NO88251 Welded Pipe," ASME Specification: SB - 705,1993.

7. "INCOLOY alloy 825," INCO Alloys International Technical Brochure, Publication No. IAI - 32, Second Edition, 1992.

8. Private communication with R. D. McCright, LLNL, June 1994.

9. Sections I, 111, VIII, and IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

10. "HASTELLOY Alloy C - 4," HAYXES International Technical Information, Publication No. H - 2007A, 1988.

11. "HASTELLOY C - 22 Alloy," HAYXES International Technical Information, Publication No. H - 2019D.

12. "Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet and Plate," ASTM Designation: B 265 - 90.

13. "TiCode - 12," Alloy Digest, February 1979.

14. "Crevice corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of ASTM Grade 12 Titanium Alloy," KOBELCO Technology Review, No. 6 , August 1989.

15. "A cost - optimized Ti - Pd Alloy (Ti - 0.05 Pd)," RMI Titanium Company Technical Data Sheet.

16. "Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service," ASTM Designation: A 516 / A 516M - 90.

19

17. "Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys," Metals Handbook, Volume 1, Tenth Edition.

18. "Introduction to Heat Transfer," F. P. Incropera and D. P. Dewitt, John Wiley and Sons Publisher.

19. "A - 515, A - 516 Steel," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue University.

20. "Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application," ASTM Designation: A 27 / A 27M - 91.

2 1. "Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium- Molybdenum," ASTM Designation: A 387 / A 387M - 90a.

22."2-114 Cr - 1 Mo Steels," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue University.

23. "Monel Alloy 400," Alloy Digest, July 1964. ~

24. "Monel Alloy 400,'' Huntington Alloys. I

25. "Standard Specification for Niclrel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, and Strip," ASTM Designation: B 127 - 91.

26. "Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers and Heat Exchangers," ASTM Designation: B 171 / B 171M -91a.

27. "Cu - Ni Alloys," Structural Alloys Handbook, 1992 Edition, CINDAS / Purdue University.

28. "Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys under Consideration for Nuclear Waste Containers", A. Cohen and W. S. Lyman, Copper Development Association Inc., July 1986.

29. "Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special - Purpose Materials," Metals Handbook, Volume 2, Tenth Edition.

30. "Standard specification for borated stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for nuclear application," ASTM Designation: A 887 - 89.

31. "Carpenter Neutrosorb and Carpenter Neutrosorb PLUS borated stainless steels," R. S. Brown, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Reading, PA.

32. "Presentation on Enriched Borated Aluminum," Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.

33. "BORAL, the Proven Neutron Absorber: General Information Bulletin-0.1," AAR Advanced Structures, Livonia, MI (1994)

20

34. "Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Shapes, and Tubes," ASTM Designation: B 221B 221M - 92a.

35. "6063, 6463 Aluminum," Structural Alloys Handbook, December 1988, Compiled ASM Specialty Handbook.

36. 'Waste Package Plan," YMP 90-62, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Ofice, Las Vegas, NV (1990)

21

6. Tables and Figures

22

TABLE 1-6

CANDIDATE MATERIALS FOR MULTI-BARRIER CONTAINERS

CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS

No& C m o n e * er

NO8825 Alloy 825, Incoloy 825

NO8221 Alloy 825hM0, NiCrFe 4221

B 424 (plate)

B 424 (plate)

Ni 38.0-46.0; Cr 19.6-23.5; Mo 2.5-3.5; Fe balance;

Si 0.6 max; S 0.03 max; 4 0 . 2 rnax CU 1.5-3.0; Ti 0.6-1.2; Mn 1.0 ma^; C 0.05 ma^;

Ni 39.0-46.0; Cr 20.0-22.0; Mo 5.0-6.5; Fe balance; Cu 1.5-3.0; Ti 0.6-1.0; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.025 max; Si 0.5 max; S 0.03 max; A10.2 rnax

Nickel-base Allova NO6022 Alloy C-22, Hastelloy C-22 B 575 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 20.0-22.0; Mo 12.5-14.5; Fe 2.0-6.0;

W 2.5-3.5; Co 2.5 max; Mn 0.5 max; C 0.015 max; Si 0.08 max; V 0.36 max; S 0.02 max; P 0.02 max

NO6455 Alloy C-4, Hastelloy C-4 B 575 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 14.0-18.0; Mo 14.0-17.0; Fe 3.0 max; Co 2.0 max; Mn 1.0 max; C 0.015 max; Si 0.08 max; Ti 0.7 max; S 0.03 max; P 0.04 rnax

Titanium R53400

None to date

Ti-Grade 12

Ti-Grade 16

B 265 Grade 12

none to date

Ni 0.6-0.9; Mo 0.2-0.4; N 0.03 max; C 0.08 max; H 0.015 max; Fe 0.3 max; 0 0.25 max; Ti balance

0.05 Pd; 0.1 Ru; Ti balance ._________________-_____________________-----------------.----.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For comparison to (and possible replacement for) UNS N08221: (Note that other similar INi-base alloys may also be considered here,) No6030 Alloy G-30; Hastelloy G-30 B 582 (plate) Ni balance; Cr 28.0-31.5; Mo 4.0-6.0; Fe 13.0-17.0; W

Co 5.0 max; Cu 1.0-2.4; Nb+Ta 0.3-1.5; Mn 1.5 max; C 0.03 max; Si 0.8 max; S 0.02 max; P 0.04max

FOR NnJJl- c m CORROSION RESISTANTS--

(performance between corrosion allowance and corrosion resitant)

Carbon and Allov Stee la

G10200 1020 Carbon Steel

502501 Centrifugally Cast Steel

IC21590 2-Cr-lMo Alloy Steel

A 516(Grade 55) C 0.22 max; Mn 0.6-1.20; P 0.035 max; S 0.04 max; Si 0.15-0.40; Fe remainder

C 0.25 max; Mn 1.20 max; P 0.050 max; S 0.060 m8: Si 0.80 max; Fe remainder

C 0.16 max; Mn 0.3-0.6; P 0.035 max; S 0.035 max; Si 0.5 max; Cr 2.00-2.60; Mo 0.90-1.10; Fe remainde

e

A 27(Grade 70-40)

A 387(Grade 22)

Table 2-1 Chemical Composition of Type 3 16L Stainless Steel* (Weight %)2

C: Mn: P: S : Si: Cr: Ni: Mo: N: Fe:

0.03 (max). 2.00 (max) 0.045 (max) 0.03 (rnax) 0.75 ( m a ) 16.00 - 18.00 10.00 - 14.00 2.00 - 3.00 0.10 (max) Balance

*For 316LN Stainless Steel2 , Nitrogen (N) content will range between 0.10 and 0.16 wt% *For 316NG Stainless Steel2, Carbon (C) content will be 0.02 wt%.

Table 2-2 Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Type 3 16L Stainless Steel3

Condition 0.2% Yield Strength (ksi)

Cold Finished 45 (Wire) Cold Finished & 45 Annealed Bar(a) Cold Finished & 25

. Annealed Bar(b) Hot Finished & 25 Annealed Bar Annealed Forging 25 Annealed Wire 25 Annealed Plate, 25 Sheet or Strip*

Tensile Strength (ksi)

90

90

70

70

65 70 70

Elongation %

30

30

30

40

40 35 40

Reduction in Area. %

40

40

40

50

50 50 NA

Hardness HRB

NA

NA

NA

95 (max)

NA NA 95 (max)

NA : Not available (a) Up to 0.5" thick (b) Over 0.5" thick

. *Recommended condition.

23

Table 2-3 Thermal Properties of Type 3 16L Stainless S tee13,4

Tern peratu re (K) Themial Conductivitv ( W/m . K Coefficient of ExDansion

300 400 600 800 1000

13.4 15.2 18.3 21.3 24.2

Table 2-4 Physical Constants of Type 3 16L Stainless Stee13v4

Temperature (K) Specific Heat (J/kg. K) Emissivity" Young's Modulus" Poisson's Ratio*

300

400 600 800 1000

468

504 550 576 602

0.09

0.10

-

28.3 x 106 psi (195 GPa) -

0.25

* For Type 316 Stainless Steel ; Data do not exist for Type 316L Stainless Steel. Values for Young': Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Type 3 16 Stainless Steel were obtained from Carpenter Technology

24

Physi

Temperature (OF)

68 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

11 Pr perties of Ann

Density* (Ib/ in3)

Table 2-5 lied Type 316 Stainless Steel a. various temperatures4

Electrical Resistivity* (pQ.cm)

0.2873 0.2861 0.2846 0.2829 0.2813 0.2796 0.2779

0.143 0.144 0.148 0.158 0.167 0.173 0.188

74 79 87 93 99 104 110

* Data do not exist for Type 3 16L Stainless Steel

Table 2-6 ' Tensile Properties of Types 3 16 & 3 16L Stainless Steels at various temperatures4

Temperature (OF) Ultimate Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) Elongation Percent 316 316L 316 316L 3 16 3161

Room 84 82 45 42 40 42 400 72 72 30 30 - - 800 62 60 25 22 15 22 1200 60 56 22 19 - 18 20 1600 25 23 15 10 15 35

25

Table 2-7 Chemical Composition of Alloy 825 (Weight %)536

Tubing, Annealed Tubing,CddDrawn Bar, Annealed Plate, Annealed Sheet. Annealed

Carbon (C) : Manganese (Mn) : Sulfur (S) : Silicon (Si) : Chromium (Cr) : Nickel (Ni) : Molybdenum (Mo) : Copper (Cu) : Titanium (Ti) : Aluminum (Al) : Iron (Fe) :

112 772 64 441 36 145 l@Xl 129 889 15 loo 690 47 324 45 9 6 6 6 2 4 9 3 3 8 4 5

110 758 61 421 39

0.05 (max) 1.0 (max) 0.03 (max) 0.50 (max) 19.5 - 23.5 38.0 - 46.0 2.50 - 3.50 1.50 - 3.00 0.60 - 1.20 0.20 (max) 22.00 (min)

Ta bie 2-8 Chemical Composition of Alloy 825 with higher Mo (Weight%)g

C : Mn : S : Si : Cr : Ni : Mo : cu : Ti : A1 : Fe :

0.025 (max) 1 .OO (max) 0.03 (max) 0.50 (max) 20.5 - 22.0 36.0 - 46.0 5.00 - 6.50 1.50 - 3.00 0.60 - 1.00 0.20 (max) Balance

Table 2-9 Ambient-Temperature Tensile Properties of Alloy 8257

26

Table 2-10 Physical Constants for Alloy 8257

Demily, lblinl ................................................................................... 0.294 Mglm' ................................................................................... 8.14

Melting Range, O F ...................................................................... 2!5OK%iO OC ..................................................................... 137&1400

' SpeciticHeat. BtUnbOF ..................................................................... 0.105 J k p C .......................................................................... 440

Curie Temperature, OF ..................................................................... < -320 Oc ..................................................................... < -146

Permeabirityat2000ersted(E.9 Wm) ................................................ 1.005

Table 2-11 Thernial Properties of Alloy 8257*

Temper- e t U E

'F -250 -200 -100

0 78

100 200 400 600 800

loo0 1200 1400 1600 1803 2Ooo

- 150 - 100 0

25 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

loo0 *Emissivity data are not available. *Mean&

shown.

Coefficient of Expansion.

- - - - - -

7.8 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.7 - -

jimlm°C - - - -

14.1 14.8 15.3 15.6 15.8

, 16.0 16.7 17.3 - -

ent of linear expansic

Thermal Conductivity

Btu-inlW-h'F 55 59 66

72.6 76.8 78.4 85.0 97.5

109.6 119.7 130.9 141.8 154.9 171.8 192.0 -

Wlm-'C 7.9 8.9

10.7 11.1 12.3 13.8 15.4 16.9 18.2 19.6 21 2 23.1 25.5 -

Electrical Resistivity

h m d n miY!i - - - -

678 680 687 710 728 751 761 762 765 775 782 793

u Q-m - -

1.13 1.14 1.18 121 1 24 1.26 1 27 1 27 128 129 1.30

ietween WF(n0C) and temperature

27

Table 2-12 Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Alloy 8257

Temper- Young's ahrre Modulus

OF 1OpJ 73 29.8 200 292 400 282 600 272 8M) 26.1 loo0 25.0 1200 n.8 1400 225 1600 20.9 lB00 . 19.0 2Mx1 16.8

' C GPa

23 206 100 201 200 195 300 188 400 181 500 175 600 168 700 160 800 151 900 141 loo0 128

Shear Modulus Win's

Ratio

10.51 0.42 1028 0.42 9.87 0.43 9.48 0.43 9.04 0.44 ,

8.60 0.45 8.13 0.46 7.64 0.47 7.12 0.47 6.48 0.47 . 5.58 0.51

lopj

Poi in 's I Ratio 725 0.42 70.7 0.42 68.2 0.43 65.6 0.43 63.2 0.43 60.3 0.45 n.5 0.46 . 54.5 0.47 51.4 0.47 48.0 0.47 43.7 0.46

Table 2-13 Design Stresses for Alloy 825, from ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code7

Maximum Metal

Temf OF

100 200 300 400 500 6M) 650 700 750 800 850 900 950

lture OC 38 93 149 204 260 316 343 371 399 427 454 482 510 538

-

-

MaximumAl able Stress

lo00 16600 I 114.4 These higher stress dues of up to 90% of yield strength at temperature may be used where slightly greater deformation is accepWe. These stresses may result in dimensional changes due lo permanent strain and are not recam- mended for applications such as flanges of gasketed pints.

conc - XL 21 200 21 200 21 200 21 200 21 200 21 m 21 100 21 OM) 20900 20 800 20600 20500 20100 19 700 -

IMP

MPa 146.1 146.1 146.1 146.1 146.1 146.1 145.4 144.7 144.1 143.4 142.0 141.3 138.5 135.8

28

Figure 2-1 - High Temperature 'Tensile Properties of Annealed Alloy 825 Bar7

29

Table 2-14 Chemical Composition of Alloy C-4 (Weight %)lo

C: Mn :

. P : S : Si : Cr : M o : co : Ti : Fe : Ni :

0.01 (max) 1-00 (max) 0.025 (max) 0.010 (max) 0.08 (max) 14.00 - 18.00 14.00 - 17.00 2.00 (max) 0.70 (max) 3.00 (max) Balance

Table 2-15 Average Physical Properties of Alloy C-410*

..- -- - ~ .. . - .-.--- .-. - ... Physical fmpey k-7 BitishUni~ lmj~.Z MaVicUda

Ye&d 74 49.1 micmhmin. 23 1.25 miam'wnn

212 49.3mkmhn-A. 100 1.25 miaDhmm 392 49.6miCrohmin. 200 1.26 micmhmm 572 499 microhmin. 3x1 1.27 m*m(mm

752 50.2 microhmin. 400 138 mDoMMn 932 50.8mpohmin . m 1.29 m*rohmm 1112 51.8mnohmin , 6 0 0 1.32 miaohmm

bmiy 68 0.312 m h . 3 20 8.64 gcmJ

RCsinibiq ' . n M.Pmiq0hmin. 25 1.12*lnicr&n.m

Mean Coalltcim 69-2W 6.Omcroirshs~.-.f 20-$3 108 x 10-4Nm.K 68dM 66rmcrOinch&ul.-T 202W 11.9 x IO-%!rn.K d T h 8 d

Gpansion €8- 7.0&minch&ul.zf 20.316 126 x lO-+tVrn-K 6B8w 7 . 2 m r r o i r M in.-T 20427 130 x 1OJrrym-K 68-looO 7 4 m-m.-'F 20539 13 3 x lO-%um-K 69-1100 7.5-m-T 2C-649 135 x 10-'numK 69-1403 8.0 mcmncb&m.-'F 20.760 14 4 I 10-%m.K 69-1600 8.3numWChWm-T ?OB71 149 x 10-4rrrm.K 68.1800 a7-.zf 2 ~ 8 2 157 x 10-Wm-K

Thennrl 74 70 8W*lfi.'.)u.-'F 23 10.1 WlmK 212 79 BNinm.=hr3 loo 11.4 W1rn.K tonducl%iq

392 92 Bn*nfil.l-hr.+ 2W 13 2 W1m.K 572 10PB:u~il1.'hr-'F 300 15.0 WImK 752 1 1s Bluinrn.=+tzF 403 16 7 W:mX 932 128 BlmnfIl.'.ilC.'F 5w 18 4 Whn.K 1112 142 Btuin3r.'hr-'F 600 20 5 W1m.K

Specdie Hen 32 0 097 BlU,lb:7 0 406 J-K 212 0.102 B m 2 F 100 427JZg.K 392 0 107 Blullb-'F 200 448 J!tgK 572 0 11 1 Brullb..'F Mo 465 J t g K 752 0.114BnClb-T 400 477 J'kgX 932 0.1 17 B i d .'F 500 499 JWK 1112 Ol20Brullb.zF 507 Jrkn.K

*Emissivity data are not available

3 0

Fo rm

Table 2-16 Average Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity for Alloy C-4I0

Test Temp., Average Dynamic Modulus of Condition "F ("C) Elasticity, lo6 psi (GPal

~~~~~~

Plate, '/z in. Heat-treated Room 30.8 (21 1) (1 2.7mml thick at 1950°F

(1 066OC). rapid quenched

200 (93) 30.2 (207) 400 (204) 29.3 (201) 600 (31 6) 28.3 1194) 800 (427) 27.3 11871 1000 (538) 26.2 (179) 1200 (649) 25.0 (171) 7400 (760) 23.7 (162) 1600 (87 1) 22.2 (152)

20.6 (141) *Average of three tests a i each femperafure.

Table 2-17 Average Tensile Data, Sheet and Plate for Alloy C-4I0

Form Condition

Test Temp., OF ("C)

Ultimate Tensile Strength, Ksi (MPa)

Yield Strength at 0.2% offset, Ksi (MPa)

Elongation in 2 in. (50.8mm), percent

Sheet, 0.125 in. Aged 100 hrs. Room 114.6 (790) 54.6 (376) 56 400 (204) 103.2 (7 12) 47.1 (325) 54 (3.2mm) thick at 1650°F

600 (31 6) 99.5 (686) 43.1 (297) 57 (899°C)

800 (427) 97.0 (669) 40.6 (280) 60 1000 (538) 93.3 (643) 39.9 (275) 57 1200 (649) 86.6 (597) 37.2 (256) 56 . 1400 (7601 76.2 (525) 36.3 (2501 56

Plate, YE in. Aged 100 hrs. Room 111.8 (771) 48.7 (336) 62 400 (204) 100.6 (694) 39.5 (272) 51 (9.5mm) thick at 1650°F

600 (31 6) 98.0 (676) 37.0 (255) 56 800 (427) 97.2 (670) 37.1 (256) 57 1000 (538) 89.6 (618) 32.1 (221) 53 1200 (649) 89.6 (618) 34.1 (235) 56

(899°C)

70 1400 (760) 73.5 (507) 29.7 (205)

31

Table 2-18 Chemical Composition of Alloy C-22 (Weight %)I

C : Mn : Si : Cr : Ni : Mo: co : W : v : Fe :

0.010 (rnax) 0.50 (max) 0.08 (max) 22.00 56.00 13.00 2.50 (max) 3.00 0.35 (rnax) 3 .QQ

Table 2-19 Average Physical Properties of Alloy C-22I * *

Tun- w Pmwrpl Tan- OF nrdshunils .c Her* urn 7s 0314 IbJn? 24 8.69 m a

Mdung Temperalure Fmqe 2475.25Y) 1357.1399 B e o l d ReoOmwly 75 M O B . 24 1.14 mDohMn

212 a.3 MClOtm-a. 103 l.23mioohm.m ZCO 124KLbhmm 392 (8.7 MClmn

572 4 9 3 mo0hm.h 300 1.25m-.m 752 49 6 m-n. .oO 1.26mudunm ?32 43.9 moohm.ur 500 1.27 mUohmm 1112 53 2 muohm*n. 6M) 1.28mUchmm

Mean Coenlciwn ol E-XY) 6 9 mnorchuim.*F 24.93 12.4 x 10% mlmK Thefrrul Eapararvl 75.403 6 9 meonsnuim:*F 2 4 Z d 12.4 x 10' mlmK

. 75- 7 0 maoncheshn..°F 26.316 12.6 x IO-* m/m.K 75-aW 7 4 m U o m & n - O F 21.427 13 3 a IO-. M K 75-1030 7 7 mcmrh&n..'F Z G 3 8 13 9 x 1Q. mlm.K 75.1XU 8 1 wcz5xhes'm.-of 2S.6t.9 14 6 x I U S mlm-K 751.02 8 5 m u c o c r d m -OF 21.W 15 3 I 10% mImK 731600 8 8 mQonOleYYI..mF 22.871 15 8 x 10% mImK 751800 9 0 mcnm%edm-°F 2L982 162 I 10-a mImK

Thelma hlhamry 70 O W m.V%. - 21 2.7 x 10- * Is 212 0 OCS n.Vse. 103 30 x 10- mWs

XO 3 5 x l O ~ m W s 392 o un m vsec 572 0 w6 cn.l&ec. XO 3 9 I lO*m?k 752 0 w7 n.ysec. rC0 4 2 x lO-m?k 932 0 037 YI '/set. 500 4 6 r 1 0 ~ ~ / s 1112 0 w 7 m v s . 6w 4 8 1 70-*mr/s

Thermal Camuawny 118 70 6w~l.m.).hf .OF 48 10 1 W/m.K 77 B!u.,n.m 1.m .OF 100 1 I 1 W1m.K 2:2

392 93 6:u.nm.Z.ru..'F XU 13.4 W1m.K 1Cs 6:u.m .OF 3W 15 5 WlmX 5 2 121 Btum.m.Zkr.-~F 4CO 17.5 W1m.K 752 135 E:uul.m,2hr.-QF 500 19 5 WlmK 932

1112 la 8fu.n m."hr . O F S O 21 3 Wlm-K Swlc Hear 1 26 0.c99 Bt&..oF 52 414 JIKpK

212 0 101 B u ~ l t . - ~ F IC0 G23JIKg.K - 392 0 1% 61unb.OF 2w 4 4 4 J i K g . K 5 2 0 1 1 0 8 : ~ l b - ~ F 3W 460JIKqK

~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~

752 0 I14 Blwlb."F 4W 476JlKqK 932 0 I16 61uflb.'F 500 45JIKpK 1112 0 123 Blullb O F 600 511 JlKgK

*Emissivity data are not available

32

Table 2-20 Average Dyniink Modulus of Elasticity for AlIoy C-22l1

Average Dynamic

Form Condition OF ("C) 106 psi (GPa) Plate

Test Temperature Modulus of Elasticity

Heat-treated Room 29.9 (206) 200 (93) 29.4 (203) at 205OOF

(1 121 "C). Rapid Ouenched 400 (204) 28.5 (196)

800 (427) 26.6 (183) ' 1000 (538) 25.7 (177)

1200 (649) 24.8 (171) 1400 (760) 23.6 (163) 1600 (871) 22.4 (754) 1800 (982) 21.1 (145)

6oo 81s) 27.6 (imj

Tabie 2-21 Average Tensile Datit for Solution Annealed Alloy C-22I

Form

Ultimate Yield Strength Elongation in Test Temperature Tensile Strength, at 0.2% Offset, 2 in. (50.8 mm),

O F I°C) Ksi' hi' %

Sheet. Room 116 59 57 200 (93) 110 54 58 0.028 - 0.125 in.

(0.71 - 3.2 mm) thick" 400 (204) 1 02 44 57

600 (316) 98 42 62 800 1427) 95 41 67 1000 (538) 91 40 61 1200 (649) 85 36 65 1400 (760) 76 35 63

Plate, Room 114 54 62 I14 - 314 in. (64 - 19.1 mm) thick"'

_ _ _ _ 200 1931 107 49 65

800 (42n 92 35 68 1000 (538) 88 34 67 1200 (s49) 83 32 69 1400 (760) 76 31 68 I

Bar. Room 111 52 70 _ _ -- _ _ 112'- 2 in. 200 (93) 1 05 45 73 (12 7 - 50.8 mm) diameter"" 400 (204) 96 38 74

600 (316) 92 34 79 800 (427) 89 31 79 1000 (538) 84 29 80 1200 (649) 80 28 80 1400 (760) 72 29 77

'Ksl can be mmem m MPa (megatuscaw b, mmpCnp bv h891 " h g e ot 1020 tests "'Anrdge of lb32 1- ""lknapc P( 8.16 tern.

33

Table 2-22 Chemical Composition of Ti Grade 12 (Weight %)I2

N : C : H : Fe : 0: Mo : Ni : Residuals (each) : Residuals (total) : Ti :

0.03 (max) 0.08 (max) 0.015 (max) 0.30 (max) 0.25 (max) 0.20 - 0.40 0.60 - 0.90 0.10 (max) 0.40 (max) Remainder

Table 2-23 Physical Constants of Ti Grade

Density : Specific Gravity : Poisson's Ratio : Specific Heat : Coefficient of Thermal Expansion : Thermal Conductivity :

Electrical Resistivity :

Elastic Modulus : Emissivity :

0.163 Ib/ in3 4.5 1 0.35 543.9 J / kg . K (at 750F)

5.3 x 10-6. OF-1 (at 32 - 6000F) 19.17 W/m . K at 20OC 18.02 W/m . K at 100°C 17.44 W/m . K at 150OC 5 1.3 pR.cm at 20OC 65.1 pQ.cm at lOOOC 73.8 pR.cm at 150OC 15 x 106 psi (Tension) NA (Not Available)

Table 2-21 Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Ti Grade 1213

Tensile Strength : Yield Strength : Elongation : Reduction in Area :

70 ksi (min) 50 ksi (min) 18 % (min) 25 % (min)

-E E t f \

#

d

Figure 2-2 - High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Ti Grade l2I4

...

- .

0.4

f 0.3 H

Figure 2-3 - Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Ti Grade 12 at Different Ternperat~resl~

35

Table 2-25 Chemical Composition of Ti Grade 16 (Weight %)15

N : C : H : Fe : 0: Pd : Residuals (each) : Residuals (total) : Ti :

0.03 (max) 0.10 (max) 0.015 (max) 0.30 (max) 0.25 (max)

0.10 (rnax) 0.40 (max) Remainder

0.045 - 0.070

Table 2-26 . Chemical Composition of Grade 55 A 516 Carbon Steel (Weight %)16

C : 0.22 (max) Mn : 0.60 - 1.20 P : 0.035 (max) S : 0.035 (max) Si : 0.15 - 0.40 Fe: Balance

Table 2-27 Ambient-Temperature Tensile Properties Requirements of Grade 55

A 5 16 Carbon Steell6*

Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa) Yield Strength, ksi (MPa) : 30 (205) (min) Elongation % in 2 in. (50 mm) : 27 (min)

: 55 - 75 (380 - 515)

*Since data do not exist in the literature for the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of A 516 carbon steel, an average UCS of 214 ksi can be used (refer to Materials Ensineerins ,‘December 1990, page 34 - ASTM Grade A 47 Ferritic Malleable Cast Iron).

36

Table 2-28 Thermal Properties of AISI 1020 Carbon Stee117*

Temperature Coefficient of Thermal Electrical Emissivity Expansion Conductivity Resistivity ym/m .K W/m .K p% .m -------------

(*C>

0 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

NA NA 11.7 12.1 12.8 13.4 13.9 14.4 14.8

51.9 NA 51.0 48.9 NA NA NA NA NA

NA 0.159 0.2 19 0.292 NA NA NA NA NA

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

* Data do not exist for A-516 Carbon Steel ; Chemical compositions of AISI 1020 and ASTM A 516 cart steels are very similar with an exception that AISI 1020 steel does not contain Si.

NA : Not available

Table 2-29 Mean Apparent Specific Heats of 1020 Carbon Steel17 *

Temperature (Q Specific Heat (Jkg .K)

50- 100 486 150 - 200 5 19 350 - 400 599

* Data do not exist for A 516 Carbon Steel.

37

Table 2-30 Density, Poisson's Ratio, and i\4oddus of Elasticity of Low Carbon Stee1l7¶l8*

Temperature. QUQF) Densitv. k e / n d Ob/ i d ) Poisson's Ratio Modulus of Elasticitv. GPa (psi)

Room Temperature 8131 (0.2931) 200 (400) - 360 (680) - 445 (830) 490 (910)

0.30 -

207 (30 x 106) 193 (28 x 106) 179 (26 x 106) 165 (24 x 106) 152 (22 x 106)

* Specific data do not exist for A 5 16 Carbon Steel.

Table2-31 .

Transverse Tensile Properties of A 2 12B Carbon Steel 19*

Temperature (OF) Tensile Strength (ksi) Yield Strength (ksi) % Elongation % Reduction in area

Room Temperature 7588 125 72.50 200 72.25 300 80.25 400 83.40 500 85.00

44.66 44.70

41.60 39.70 36.70

-

41.5 - - - 20.0 31.0

46.13 - - - 28.5 31.2

* ASTM Specification A 212 is a predecessor to A 516. Tensile properties were determined using cark steel having composition within ASTM Specification A 5 16 chemical composition range.

Table 2-32 Chemical Composition' of A 27 Grade 60-30 Cast Carbon Steel2()

C Mn Si S P Fe

: 0.30 (max) : 0.60(max) : 0.80(max) : 0.06 (max)

: Balance : 0.05 (RlaX)

38

Table 2-33 Tensile Properties Requirements for A 27 Grade 60-30 Cast Carbon Steel2()

Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa) : 60 (415) (min) Yield Strength, ksi (MPa) : 30 (205) (min) Elongation in 2 in, % : 24 (min) Reduction in Area, % : 35 (min)

Table 2-31 Chemical Composition of A 387 Grade 22 Class 1

2- 1/4Cr- 1 Mo Low-Alloy Stee121

C Mn P S Si Cr Mo Fe

: 0.05 -0.15 : 0.30 - 0.60 : 0.035 (max) : 0.035 (max) : 0.50 ( m u ) : 2.00 - 2.50 : 0.90- 1.10 : Balance

Table 2-35 Tensile Properties Requirements for A 387 Grade 22 Class 1

2- 1/4Cr- 1 Mo Low-Alloy Steel21

Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa) Yield Strength, ksi (MPa) Elongation in 2 in (50 mm), 9% Reduction in area, 9%

:

60 - 85 (415 - 585) 30 (rnin) 45 (rnin) 40 (rnin)

39

Table 2-36 Themial Propenies of 2- 1/4Cr- 1 Mo S teeIz2*

Temperature Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (in/in.OF) .......................... (OF) ---------------

70 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

6.45 x 10-6 6 . 6 ~ 10-6 6.90 x 10-6

7.65 x 10-6 7.90 x 10-6 8.10 x 10-6 8.25 x 10-6 8.40 x 10-6 8.50 x 8.61 x 10-6 8.67 x 10-6 8.72 x 10-6

7.35 x 10-6

20.9 21.0 21.3 21.5 21.5 21.4 21.1 20.7 20.2 19.7 19.1 18.5 18.0

Thermal Diffusivity (ft*fir>

0.408 0.397 0.385 0.37 1 0.357 0.341 0.323 0.305 0.285 0.264 0.24 1 0.217 0.192

*Emissivity data are not available.

Table 2-37 Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of 2-1/4Cr-lMo Steelz2

70 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

30.6 29.8 28.8 27.7 26.3 24.6 22.5

0.287 0.290 0.293 0.295 0.297 0.304 0.3 14

Ni cu co Fe Mn C Si S

Table 2-38 Tensile Properties of 2- 1/4Cr- 1 Mo Steel as Functions of Temperature2*

Table 2-39 Specific Heat of 1Cr- 1/2Mo Steel* at Various Temperatures1*

* Data do not exist for 2- 1/4Cr-1 Mo Steel.

Table 2-40 Chemical Composition of Alloy 400 (Weight %)- 74,25

63.00 (min)

3.00 (max) 2.50 (max) 0.20 (max) 0.30 (max) 0.50 (rnax) 0.024 (max)

28.00 - 34.00

41

Table 2-4 1 Room-Temperature Tensile Properties Requirements of Annealed Alloy 400 Plate23

Tensile Strength, ksi : 70 - 85

Elongation, % in 2" : 50 - 35 Yield Strength, k : 28-50

Rockwell Hardness: . B60-76

Ta bIe 2-42 Physical Constants of Alloy 400 at Room Temperature23

Specific Gravity Density, lb/ in3 Elastic Modulus, psi Specific Heat, Btu/lb.OF Coefficient of The ma 1 Ex pan sion ,OF- 1 Thermal Conductivity, Btu.in/hr.ft?.oF Electrical Resistivity, UR .m Emissivity

8.83 0.3 19 26 x 106 (In Tension) 0.102

151 0.510 NA (Not Available)

7.7 x 10-6

Table 2-43 High Temperature Tensile Properties of Hot-Rolled Alloy 40023

Temperature(0F) Tensile Strength( ksi) yield S trength(ksi) Elongation % Elastic Modulus(psi x 106)

42

Table 2-34 Therni;il Properties of Alloy 40024

70 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

- 7.7 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.3 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.3

151 167 193 215 238 264 287 31 1 335 360 -

0.102 0.105 0.1 10 0.1 14 - - - - - -

0.510 0.535 0.560 0.575 0.590 0.610 0.630 0.650 0.670 0.689 0.709

Table 2-45 Chemical Composition of C7 1500 (CDA 715) (Weight %)26

Ni Fe Mn Zn Pb CU

29.00 - 33.00 0.40 - 1.00 1.00 (max) 1 .OO (max) 0.05 (max) Balance

Table 2-46 Physical Properties of C7 1500 at 68°F27-29

Density, Ib/in3 : 0.323

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 10-6 .OF-l : 9.0

Thermal Conductivity, Btu /hr. ft.0 F : 17

Emissivity : NA (Not Available)

Elecmcal Resistivity, pR .m : 375

Specific Heat, BtuAb.0 F : 0.09

Modulus of Elasticity, 106 psi (in tension) : 22

43

Table 2-17 Typical Ambient-temperature Tensile Properties of Annealed C7 1 50027

Tensile Strength, ksi Yield Strength, ksi Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness, HRB

55 18 36 40

Table 2-48 Thermal Conductivity of Mill- Annealed C7 1500 at Elevated Temperatures27

Teninerature [GB

212 392 572 752 932 I112 1292

Thermal Conductivitv 1Btukr f t Qa 16.9 19.7 22.3 24.9 27.8 30.7 33.6

Table 2-49 Tensile Properties of Annealed C7 1500 at Elevated Ternperatures28

Table 2-50 Chemical Composirion Recpir-zments for Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels30

OvlW Boron Elements* Carbon Manganese Phosphorous Sulfur S n i i Chromium Nickel UNS

Designation S30460 3048 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.20-0.29 N 0 . 1 0 ~ - S30461 30481 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.30-0.49 N 0 . 1 0 ~ 530462 30482 o.oa 2.00 . 0.045 0.030 . .0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.50-0.74 N O.lOm= -463 30483 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 0.75-0.99 N 0.10- , S30464 30484 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.00-1.24 N 0.10 ma^ S30465 30485 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.25-1.49 N 0.10- S30466 30486 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 . 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 160-1.74 N 0.10ma~ '

S30467 30487 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 12.00-15.00 1.75-2.25 N 0 . 1 0 m A Maximum. unless range or miniim is tndicated. a Cobalt concentration shall be limited to 02 max. unless a lower concentraticm is agreed upon between the pmhaser and the Suppser.

-

Table 2-51 MechanicaI Properties Requirements for Borated Type 304 Stainless Steels30

.. TwIle Strength, min Y& strength, min Elongation in 2 Hardness, max

Grade in.w50mm, ksi MPa ksi ._ MPa . hn.% BMeN R ~ d ~ f d l B

Type UNS

Designation

S30460 3048 A 75 . 515 3 0 . 205 ' 40.0 201 92

S30461 30481

S30462 30482

530463 30483

530464 30484

530465 30485

S30466 30486

S30467 30487

B A B A 8 A 8 A B . A B A 0 A B

75 515 75 515 75 515 75 SI 5 75 51 5 .75 515 75 515 . 75 515 75 515 75 51 5 75 515 75 515 75 515 75 515 75 515

30 30 30 3 0 ' 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 20s

40.0 40.0 35.0 35 .o 27.0 31 .O 19.0 27.0 16.0 24.0 13.0 20.0 9.0

17.0 6.0

201 201 201 201 201 201 201 217 21 7 217 217 241 24 1 241 241

92 92 92 92 92 92 92 95 95 95 95

100 100 100 loo

45

Table 2-52 Room Temperiiturcr Mechnnicnl Properties of ~ o r a l c d Type 304 Stainless Steels

31 (Annealed Materials Tested in the Transverse Direction)

Grade2 Boron

(XI Content

-2% Yield Strength

(ksi)

Ultimate Elongation Strength (ksi)

(23 Reduction

(% 1

304 <0.01 28.3 75.3 71.6 81.7 66

304B1 A B

0.30/0.49 34.7 35.0

90.1 87.5

43.9 40.4

64.3 51.9

83 82

304B2 A B

0.50/0.74 37.9 *

39.1 93.7 90.0

39.1 32.9

59.7 41.0

8 5 83

304B3 0.75/0.99

1.00l1.24

40.5 41.2

98.5 93.2

36.3 24.3

56.3 32.6

86 88

A B

30484 A B

42.0 42.4

103.0 94.2 8

31.7 21.4

51.8 20.6

91 90

28.3 17.2

304B5 A B

1.25/1.49 47.6 45.2

107.1 92.9

45.1 16.7

93 92

30486 1.50/1 . 74 l.7Sl2.25

36.5 15.4

A B

48.3 46.8

110.2 93.5

23.7 13.1

95 95

21.1 11.9

51.3 50.1

115.9 ' 95.7

31.2 15.2

97 96

(1) All values are t h e average of four tests. (2) Carpenter NeutroSoxb PLUS is Type A. Carpenter Neutrosorb is Type B.

Table 2-53 Mechanicnl Propertics oFBcmted Type 304 Stainless Steels at 350OC

(Ma te&tils Tesied i;i &e Transverse Direction) 31

Type Grade' Boron -2% Yield Ultimate Elongation Reduction

(ksi) ( k s i ) Content Strength Strength

304 - <o . 01 22.0 56.5 40.4 76.4

304B1 A 0 .30 /0 .49 32.8 B 30.3

68.0 67.6

304B2 A 0.50/0.74 35.1 70.4 B 34.6 71.2

30483 A 0 . 75/0.99 37.9 B 36.4

304B4 A l.OO/l. 24 41.3 B 38.1

77.8 78.7

83.6 78.3

30485 A B

1.25/1.49 45.9 .a8.3 38.6 80.9

304B6 A 1 . 5 0 / 1.74 49.9 B . 40.8

90.9 80.5

29.3 27.8

27.4 '

21.6

25.7 19.4

24.1 16.1 '

21.5 14.2

17.8 12.1

30487 A l.75/2.25 46.3 101.1 15.2 B 46.5 83.2 11.2

(1) All values are t h e average o f four tests. '

(2) Carpenter NeutroSorb PLUS is Type A. Carpenter NeutroSorb is Type B.

47

59.9 49.2

55.4 40.1

51.3 26.3

43.9 24.0

42.2 22.7

31.3 18.6

21.8 15.8

Temperature, OC . OF

Table 2-54 Chemical Composition of Alboron (Weight %)32

B : cu : A1 :

0.00 - 5.00 0.12 (max) Balance

Table 2-55 Physical Constants and Thermal Properties of Alboron

at Different Ternperat~res3~

23.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 73.4 122.0 212.0 302.0

200.0 393.0

Density, @cm3 2.693 2.693 2.693 2.693 2.693

Diffusivity, cm2. sec-1 0.781 0.779 0.790 0.762 0.758 Conductivity, Btu.in/hr.ft2.0F 1265.78 1318.50 1381.29 1406.87 1412.49 Emissivity NA (Not Available)

Specific Heat, J/g.k 0.868 0.903 0.946 0.976 0.998

Table 2-56

Chemical Composition of a Standard Plate of Bora1 (Weight %)33

AI : 69.00 B : 24.00 C : 6.00 Fe : 0.50 (max) Si : O.lO(max) Ti : 0.10 (max) Cu : 0.10 (max) Zn : 0.10 (max)

48

Table 2-57

Typical Engineering Properties of Bora133

Modulus of Elasticity, E (Msi) ASTM E-8 Tensile Strength, S, (ksi) ASTM E-8, E-21

: 9.00 : 10.00 : 0.10 Elongation in 2 inch Coupon, % ASTM E-8

Table 2-58

Physical Properties of Bora133

Specific Heat, W-s/gm-K

Thermal Conductivity, W/cm-K

Thermal Emissivity

: 0.919 at 38OC : 0.936 at 26OoC

: 1.24 at 38OC : 1.32 at 26OoC

: 0.10 - 0.19

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, in/in-C: 1.97 x 10'

Table 2-59 Chemical Composition of 6063 Aluminum Ailoy (Weight % ) 2 9 ~ 3 ~

Mn : 0.10 (max)

Cr : 0.10 (max) Fe : 0.35 (max) Cu : 0.10 (max)

Zn : 0.10 (max) Ti : 0.10 (max) Other : 0.15 (max) AI : Balance

Si : 0.20- 0.60

Mg : 0.45 - 0.90

49

75 212 300 400 500 600 700

Coe

Table 2-60 Physical Properties of Alloy 6063-T6 at 680F293

Density, dcm3 Poisson's Ratio Elastic Modulus (tension), GPa Specific Heat, J/kg .K Thermal Conductivity, W/m. K Electrical Resistivity, nQ .m Electrical Conductivity (equal volume) % IACS Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, pin/in .OF Emissivity

2.69 0.33 68.3 900 201 33

53

12.1 NA (Not Available)

Table 2-61 Tensile Properties of Alloy 6063-1'6 at Various Temperatures3j

Yield Strength (ksi)

31 28 20 6.5 3.5 2.5 2.0

El ;ati

Table 2-62. kient of Thermal Expansion of Alloy 6063 at Various Tempera t~res~~

50