distribution patterns of neotropical primates
TRANSCRIPT
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Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
Distribution pAtterns o neotropicAl primAtes(plAtyrrhini) bAseD on pArsimony
AnAlysis o enDemicityGolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c.
adad d bêa, pa udad caa d r Gad d s,Ada iaga, 6681, cep 90619-900, p Ag, rs, ba
cd : Âga Gda, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul,
Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, CEP 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, -a: agagda@a.
rd Ag 18, 2004 – Ad o 1, 2004 – Dd a 28, 2006
(W 8 g)
AbstrAct
t pa Aa ed (pAe) a d a gga a d dg ad g aa d. bad daa d na a,w d a g ada, fa g ad -dad aa ddd aa a oa Gga u (oGu). W dd a a a oGu a 0 () ad a 1 (). A a aa w a a a wa d a g . A aa d a gg aa d, w a d na g. o aa d caAa ad x nw s Aa, Aa a, ad a Aa, caaga, cad ad ca.
Keywords: pa Aa ed, a a, pa, d a,
d.
resumo
Padõ Diiinai d piaa Npiai (Playhini) aad na
Análi d Paiônia d endi
A A d paôa d ed (pAe) é éd da ggaa a é ad aada a a d d. baad- dad d dç d aa na,a- a d dad ad- ada, gõ a d d é-dada aa a udad Gga oaa (oGu). cd- a aêa da
é a oGu 0 () a ça 1 (). ua a éa aêa a dé d aa ada g x aa aaç. tda a ê a aa g a d a d d, dd a dç d a a g na:a a d a Aéa ca x n da Aéa d s; a, a baa Aaôa;, a a, a maa Aâa, caaga, cad ca.
Palavras-chave: A d paôa d ed; aa a; pa; adõda; d.
INtroDuctIoN
bggaa d dd a gdkwdg d ad aa d
a aa g . i gga,
a aa d dd a “ gda w ”
(pak, 1991). had & m (1994) d aaa d a a gga g -g d w
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62 GolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c..
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
axa a x a g ad dag ad ag ag -dd g. t
d a g ggaaa, xa, d ad , a kw a “-aa a”(rwg, 1995). t, a a a ggaad. i a w w a f a a d nw Wd a ad a pa Aa ed (pAe) adw d a dadg aa d a aa w
la Aa.pAe a d d r (1988) a aa a ad a a . t d aag ad. i pAe d aa (oagGga u - oGu) axa ad axa aa. D a ad d wa dg oGu. t aa d, d m (1994), dd a-d ada. i a d d
a g a ad aa (e.g., pada,1996; pada et al., 1997; ca et al., 2002;Gaa-ba et al., 2002). caw (1988) gd dd aa d (a Gda et al., 2002), wa sa & o(1996) add fa g a oGu ad Aaa a. t ddaoGu a a a w d.
nw Wd k a gd d f oGu ggaa d a w kw,ad d ada d d a. A 34% axa 300 kw xa a n (rad & Ka,2000). nw Wd k daa a 30° s ba ad Aga a 20° n mx (h et al., 2002).
mAterIALs AND metHoDs
D daa w ad a
a gd daa a aaa (bDGeoprim; www..g./ ~aa/_dg.). bDGeoprim
wa a-ad ad aad dad Adé h ad ag udad da d ma Ga (ba).
t daa wa d w a a (sa & o, 1996;c & Da, 2000; la, 2000; ca& m, 2001).
Daa aa wa ad a (oGuvs. axa) w a a ax aaa oGu dd a 0 () ad a 1 (). A a aa (g) wa axa a a (0) wa addd aa(r & s, 1988).
Aa w ad g hg86
wa (a, 1988) w wg ad:* ad * (ag d), w (wgg), ( ) ad (a). i aa (ada aoGu), aa d w ad aadga ad d 106 (ta 1) 60 ada 5° gd 5° ad (g. 1) ( ag). t aag aa d (d ag)wa dd adg 57 (ta 2). t g a
g aa (aa) w dd aa.
t d aa wa ad aa d d na d caa (1985). t aa w a a a (W pa Adas, Aa Ada c, pa Adcaa c, nag [ca Ada]c ad paaga c) w xdd aa, wa a w oGu wa addd (ca Aa - 31) g. 2). t ga
g aa wa aad a aa ag a dw d ad a: 1) c rac; 2) n ra c; 3) magdaac; 4) saa maa c; 5) Gaja c;6) paa c; 7) va ma c;8) mda ma c; 9) pja mac; 10A) Ga saaa s pac; 10b) Dda s pa c;11) n Ada c; 12b) ea paAda s; 12c) s pa Ada
s; 14) ta c; 16) maac; 17) Gaa c; 18) i c; 19)n Aa na) c; 20) s Aa
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63Distribution pAtterns o plAtyrrhini bAseD on pAe
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
tAbLe 1
mAtrIx wih diiinal daa 106 pia pi in 60 qada a opaiv Gga uni.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456oG 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
q1 0000001000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q2 0000010000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q3 0000011000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q4 0000001000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q5 0000011000000000000100000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q6 0000010000000000000100000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q7 0000000010010000000010000000000000000000000000000100001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000q8 0000000010000000000010000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q9 0010010000000000000100000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000010000010000000000000000q10 0000010010010000000110000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000010000100000100000q11 0000000010110000000010000000000000000000000000000100001000001000000000000000000000000000000000100000100000q12 0000000010000001010000000000000000000000100000000100001001000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000q13 0000000010000001010000000000000000000000100000000010001001000000000000000000000000001000000000001000000001q14 0000000010000001010000100000000000000000000000000010001001000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000001q15 0000010010010000000100000000000000100000010000001100000000001000000000000000000000000000101000000001100010q16 0000000010010001010000000000000000100010100000001110000000011000000000000000000000001000100010000001000010q17 0000000010000001010000000010000000000000100000000110001001010000000000000000000000001000000010001000000001q18 0000000010000001010000000000000000000000100000000100001001010000000000000000000000001000000000001000000001q19 0000000010000001000000100000000000000000000000000010001001000000000000000000000000001000000000001000000001q20 0000000011000001000000100000000000000000000000000010001001000000000000000000000000001000000000001000000001q21 0000010010001000110000000000000100100000010000001100000000000100000000000000000000001000101000000000010010q22 0000000010000101011000000100000100100000110000001010000000000100000000000000000000001000100000000101010010q23 0000000010000011101000000110000100000000100000001010000000110100000000000000000000001110100011000101001110q24 0000000010000011101000100110000100000000100000001010001001110000000000000000000000001111000011001100001011q25 1000100011000001000001100000000001001000000000001010001011100000000011001001001001001101000001011000000011q26 1000000011000001000001100000000000001000000000000010001011000000000010001001000000001100000000001010000011q27 1000000001000001000001000000000000001000000000000010001001000000000010000000000000001000000000000010000000
q28 1000000001000000000000000000000000000000000001010000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000q29 0000000010001000010000000000000100000000010000001010000000000110000000000000000000000000100000000100000010q30 0000000010000010001000000100000100000000110000001010000000000100000000000000000000101000100100000100000010q31 0000000010000010001000000100100100000000110000001010000000100100000000000000000000101000100101000100000110q32 0000000010000010001000000000100100000000100000001010000010100000000101000110110110001100100001000100001100q33 1000100010000000000000000000000001000000000000000010000010000000000100001000000000000000000000000000000000q34 1000000001000000000000000000000000001000000000000010000011000000000000100000000000000100000000000010000000q35 1100000001000000000000000000000000001000000001010000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q36 1100000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q37 1000000000000000000000000001000000000000000001010000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q38 0000000010000010001000000100100100000000010000001010100000100000000000000000000000000000100100000100000110q39 0100000111000011001000000000100110000000010000001100100000100000000000000000000100100000100101000100000110q40 0100000111000010001000000000100010000000000000000110100010100000000000100000000100100100100000000000000110q41 0000000010000010001000000000010000000000000000000010000010100000000000110000000100000100000000000000000100
q42 0100000001000000000000000000000000000000000000010010000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000q43 0100000001000000000000000000000000000000000001010010100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q44 0100000000000000000000001001000000010000000000110000100100000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000q45 0001000000000000000000001001001000010000000001110000000100000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000q46 0000000101000000001000000000000010000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000q47 0100000101000000001000000000000010000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000100100000100000000000000000q48 0100000001000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000q49 0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000100000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000q50 0100000000000000000000000000000000000100000000010000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q51 0101000000000000000000001000000000010101000110110000110100000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000q52 0100000001000000000000000000000010000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000q53 0100000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q54 0101000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000110000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000q55 0101000000000000000000011000000000000100001000010000010000000001010000000000000000000000000000000000000000q56 0001000000000000000000011000000000000101001111010000010000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000
q57 0101000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q58 0101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q59 0001000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000010000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000q60 0001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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64 GolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c..
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
tAbLe 1
N
taxa: 1 - Alouatta belzebul; 2 - Alouatta caraya; 3 - Alouatta coibensis; 4 - Alouatta guariba; 5 - Alouatta nigerrima;6 - Alouatta palliata; 7 - Alouatta pigra; 8 - Alouatta sara; 9 - Alouatta seniculus; 10 - Aotus azarae; 11 - Aotus hershkovitzi; 12 - Aotus lemurinus; 13 - Aotus miconax; 14 - Aotus nancymaae; 15 - Aotus nigriceps; 16 - Aotus trivirgatus; 17 - Aotus vocierans; 18 - Ateles belzebuth; 19 - Ateles chamek ; 20 - Ateles georoyi; 21 - Ateles hybridus;22 - Ateles marginatus; 23 - Ateles paniscus; 24 - Brachyteles arachnoides; 25 - Brachyteles hypoxanthus; 26 - Cacajao calvus; 27 - Cacajao melanocephatus; 28 - Callicebus barbarabrownae; 29 - Callicebus brunneus; 30 - Callicebus cinerascens; 31 - Callicebus coimbrai s.n.; 32 - Callicebus cupreus; 33 - Callicebus donacophilus; 34 - Callicebus homannsi; 35 - Callicebus medemi; 36 - Callicebus melanocephalus; 37 - Callicebus moloch; 38 - Callicebus nigrirons; 39 - Callicebus ornatus; 40 - Callicebus personatus; 41 - Callicebus torquatus; 42 - Callimico goeldii;43 - Callithrix aurita; 44 - Callithrix faviceps; 45 - Callithrix georoyi; 46 - Callithrix jacchus; 47 - Callithrix kuhlii;48 - Callithrix penicillata; 49 - Cebuella pygmaea; 50 - Cebus albirons; 51 - Cebus apella; 52 - Cebus capucinus;53 - Cebus libidinosus; 54 - Cebus nigritus; 55 - Cebus olivaceus; 56 - Cebus xanthosternos; 57 - Chiropotes albinasus; 58 - Chiropotes satanas; 59 - Lagothrix cana; 60 - Lagothrix lagotricha; 61 - Lagothrix lugens;62 - Lagothrix poeppigii; 63 - Oreonax favicauda; 64 - Leontopithecus caissara; 65 - Leontopithecus chrysomelas;66 - Leontopithecus chrysopygus; 67 - Leontopithecus rosalia; 68 - Mico acariensis; 69 - Mico argentatus; 70 - Mico chrysoleucus; 71 - Mico emiliae; 72 - Mico melanurus; 73 - Mico humeratier ; 74 - Mico humilis; 75 - Mico intermedius; 76 - Mico leucippe; 77 - Mico manicorensis; 78 - Mico marcai; 79 - Mico mauesi; 80 - Mico melanurus;81 - Mico nigriceps; 82 - Mico saterei; 83 - Saimiri boliviensis; 84 - Saimiri oerstedi; 85 - Saimiri sciureus; 86 - Saimiri ustus; 87 - Saimiri vanzolinii; 88 - Saguinus bicolor ; 89 - Saguinus uscicollis; 90 - Saguinus georoyi; 91 - Saguinus graellsi; 92 - Saguinus imperator ; 93 - Saguinus inustus; 94 - Saguinus labiatus; 95 - Saguinus leucopus; 96 - Saguinus martinsi; 97 - Saguinus midas; 98 - Saguinus mystax; 99 - Saguinus niger ; 100 - Saguinus nigricollis; 101 - Saguinus oedipus; 102 - Saguinus tripartitus; 103 - Pithecia albicans; 104 - Pithecia irrorata; 105 - Pithecia monachus; ad106 - Pithecia pithecia.
1
23
5
9
15 16 17 18 19 20
21
29
38 39 40 41 42 43 4445
46 47 48 49 50 51
52
90°W
2 0 ° N
1 0 ° N
0 °
1 0 ° S
2 0 ° S
3 0 ° S
80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W
53 54 5556
57 58 59
60
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
22 23 24 25 26 27
28
10 11 12 1314
67 8
4
Fig. 1 — ma na g w 60 ada aa.
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65Distribution pAtterns o plAtyrrhini bAseD on pAe
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
tAbLe 2
mAtrIx wih diiinal daa 57 pia pi in h 8 ndi aa dinad y h qada analyi.
1 2 3 4 5
12345678 9012345678 9012345678 9012345678 9012345678 901234567
oG 00000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 000000000
A1 00000101 0000010000 0000001000 1000010000 0000000000 010001000
A2 10010110 1001000000 0110000100 0111000010 1110010000 000010100
A3 00001101 0000110000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 010001000
A4 01100010 0000000100 0000000011 0000001100 0000000000 000000000
A5 01000110 1101000001 1000111110 0101000000 1011010110 100100110
A6 11100010 0000000100 0010000111 1000001100 1010000000 000010000
A7 10010110 0110001010 0111001100 1111100001 0100111001 101010011
A8 00001101 1111101011 1001111110 1111110011 0011111111 101101111
taxa: 1 - Alouatta belzebul; 2 - Alouatta caraya; 3 - Alouatta guariba; 4 - Alouatta nigerrima; 5 - Alouatta palliata;6 - Alouatta seniculus; 7 - Aotus azarae; 8 - Aotus lemurinus; 9 - Aotus nigriceps; 10 - Aotus trivirgatus; 11 - Ateles belzebuth; 12 - Ateles chamek ; 13 - Ateles georoyi; 14 - Ateles hybridus; 15 - Ateles paniscus; 16 - Brachyteles arachnoides; 17 - Cacajao melanocephalus; 18 - Callicebus brunneus; 19 - Callicebus cupreus; 20 - Callicebus homannsi; 21 - Callicebus moloch; 22 - Callicebus torquatus; 23 - Callimico goeldii; 24 - Cebuella pygmaea;25 - Cebus albirons; 26 - Cebus apella; 27 - Cebus libidinosus; 28 - Cebus nigritus; 29 - Cebus olivaceus;30 - Chiropotes albinasus; 31 - Chiropotes satanas; 32 - Lagothrix cana; 33 - Lagothrix lagotricha; 34 - Lagothrix lugens; 35 - Leontopithecus caissara; 36 - Leontopithecus chrysopygus; 37 - Mico acariensis; 38 - Mico chrysoleucus;39 - Mico emiliae; 40 - Mico humaraliera; 41 - Mico melanurus; 42 - Saimiri boliviensis; 43 - Saimiri sciureus;44 - Saimiri ustus; 45 - Saguinus bicolor ; 46 - Saguinus uscicollis; 47 - Saguinus imperator ; 48 - Saguinus inustus;49 - Saguinus labiatus; 50 - Saguinus leucopus; 51 - Saguinus midas; 52 - Saguinus mystax; 53 - Saguinus niger ;54 - Saguinus oedipus; 55 - Pithecia irrorata; 56 - Pithecia monachus; ad 57 - Pithecia pithecia.
A31
3 0 ° S
90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W
2 0 ° S
1 0 ° S
0 °
1 0 ° N
2 0 ° N
A4
A10B
A17A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A26
A27
A28
A25
A12C
A14
A16
A11A12B
A3
A1
A2A9
A5
A8
A10A
A6
A7
A24
Fig. 2 — ma na g w dd aa dd caa (1985).
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66 GolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c..
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
3 0 ° S
90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W
2 0 ° S
1 0 ° S
V
II
I
III
IV
XIX
XI
XVI
XII
XVII
XIIIXIV
XV
XIX
XXI
XX
XVIII
VII
VIII
VI 0 °
1 0 ° N
2 0 ° N
Fig. 3 — ma a na g ad paaa caa w 21 g d a oaGga u.
iaa) c; 21) rdôa c; 22) pac; 23) bé maa) c; 24) sad ma c; 25) paa c; 26) caaga
c; 27) ca cad c; ad 28) cac. t a ag aa waad ad d 69 a ta 3).
i a aa w d fag dd a ad paaa caa a oGu (g. 3). Adg A & c-bk (1992), a a aa gga a a. Daa d 76 w d aa (ta 4). ifa
oGu w dd : i) paaa caa; ii)paaa caa ad magdaa ; iii) magdaaad o ; iv) o ad ba ;v) paa ad maa ; vi) Jaa adpaa ; vii) ng ad Aaa/Jaa; viii) ba ad Aa a; iX)maa ad uaa ; X) uaa ad p; Xi) p ad mada/mad d D; Xii) mada/Gaé ad taaj ;
Xiii) taaj/t p ad Xg ; Xiv)Xg ad Aagaa ; Xv) ta ad sa ; Xvi) mad d D ad Gaé; Xvii) taaj ad t p ; Xviii)Aagaa ad ta ; XiX) s a ad Aa a; XX) paaga ad paa/ paaaa ; ad XXi) paa/paaaa ad Aa a.
resuLts
1 st analysis – Determining areas o endemism
and their relationship based on quadrats
o adga w 669 , 0.64 ad 0.77 wa dd ag (g. 4). i a-d a g aa dad A1 A8 (g. 5). i d ag, adga w 98 , 0.58 ad 0.54 wad (g. 6). Aa A1 ad A3 w gd Ateles hybridus ad Saguinus
leucopus. jd gg aa A4 ad A6: Alouatta guariba, Brachyteles
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67Distribution pAtterns o plAtyrrhini bAseD on pAe
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
tAbLe 3
mai wih diiinal daa 69 pia pi in h pdind ndi aa did caa (1985).
1 2 3 4 5 6
123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789oG 000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A1 000101010 0000100000 0100100000 0001000000 0001000000 0000010110 1010001010
A2 000001010 0000110000 0000000000 0000000000 0001000000 0000000000 0010001000
A3 000001010 0010000000 0000000100 0001000000 0001000000 0000000100 0000000010
A4 000001010 0000010000 0000000000 0001000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A5 000001010 0000010000 0000000000 0001000100 0000000000 0000000000 0000001000
A6 000001000 0000000000 0000000000 0001100000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A7 000001000 0000010000 0000000000 0000000100 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A8 000001000 0000010000 0000000000 0001000100 0001000000 0000000000 0000000000
A9 000001010 0000010000 0000000000 0001000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000A10A 000001000 0110000100 0000000010 0000000100 1010000000 0000010000 0001000001
A10b 000001000 0110000001 0000000010 0001100100 1010000000 0000010000 0001000001
A11 000001011 0110110000 0100100111 0011000000 0001100000 0000000110 0010001010
A12b 000001001 0010000000 0100000000 0010100000 0010110000 0000000100 0000000000
A12c 000001100 0001000000 1000000001 0010010000 0100000000 0000000101 0000000010
A14 000100001 0010000000 0000000000 0001100000 0000100000 0000010000 0000000010
A16 000001000 0000000000 0100000000 0010100000 0010010000 0000000100 0000000000
A17 000001100 0110000100 0000000010 0000100100 1000000000 0000011000 0001000001
A18 000001000 0110000001 0000000010 0001100100 1010000000 0000010000 1001000001
A19 000001000 0110000011 0100100011 0011100000 0010100000 0000010110 1100000010
A20 000011000 1101000010 1001000011 0010110000 0100101001 0110111101 0100100111A21 100001100 1001001000 1001010000 0010100001 0100001111 1111011100 0100100110
A22 110000100 0000001100 0000010000 0000100001 1000000110 1000011000 0001010011
A23 100000100 0100001000 0000010000 0000100100 1000000100 0000010000 0000010000
A24 101000000 0000000000 0000001000 1100001010 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A25 001000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000001000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A26 110000100 0000000000 0000000000 1100010010 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
A27 111001100 1001000000 1010001000 0100111001 0100000000 0001101100 0000000110
A28 010010100 0000000000 0010000000 0000010000 0000000000 0001000000 0000000000
A31 000100010 0000100000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000
taxa: 1 - Alouatta belzebul; 2 - Alouatta caraya; 3 - Alouatta guariba; 4 - Alouatta palliata; 5 - Alouatta sara;6 - Alouatta seniculus; 7 - Aotus azarae; 8 - Aotus lemurinus; 9 - Aotus miconax; 10 - Aotus nigriceps; 11 - Aotus trivirgatus; 12 - Ateles belzebuth; 13 - Ateles chamek ; 14 - Ateles georoyi; 15 - Ateles hybridus; 16 - Ateles marginatus;17 - Ateles paniscus; 18 - Cacajao calvus; 19 - Cacajao melanocephalus; 20 - Callicebus brunneus; 21 - Callicebus cupreus; 22 - Callicebus donacophilus; 23 - Callicebus homannsi; 24 - Callicebus medemi; 25 - Callicebus moloch;26 - Callicebus nigrirons; 27 - Callicebus ornatus; 28 - Callicebus torquatus; 29 - Callimico goeldii; 30 - Callithrix
jacchus; 31 - Callithrix penicillata; 32 - Cebuella pygmaea; 33 - Cebus albirons; 34 - Cebus apella; 35 - Cebus libidinosus; 36 - Cebus nigritus; 37 - Cebus olivaceus; 38 - Cebus xanthosternos; 39 - Chiropotes albinasus;40 - Chiropotes satanas; 41 - Lagothrix cana; 42 - Lagothrix lagotricha; 43 - Lagothrix lugens; 44 - Lagothrix poeppigii;45 - Oreonax favicauda; 46 - Mico acariensis; 47 - Mico argentatus; 48 - Mico emiliae; 49 - Mico humilis; 50 - Mico leucippe; 51 - Mico manicorensis; 52 - Mico marcai; 53 - Mico melanurus; 54 - Saimiri boliviensis; 55 - Saimiri sciureus; 56 - Saimiri ustus; 57 - Saguinus uscicollis; 58 - Saguinus graellsi; 59 - Saguinus imperator ; 60 - Saguinus
inustus; 61 - Saguinus labiatus; 62 - Saguinus leucopus; 63 - Saguinus midas; 64 - Saguinus mystax; 65 - Saguinus niger ; 66 - Saguinus oedipus; 67 - Pithecia irrorata; 68 - Pithecia monachus; ad 69 - Pithecia pithecia.
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68 GolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c..
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
tAbLe 4
mai wih diiinal daa 76 pia pi in h 21 infvial gin d a opaiv Gga uni.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456oG 000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000
i 000010000 0000010000 0000000000 0000000001 0000000000 0000000000 0000100000 0000000
ii 000010101 0000011000 0000000000 0000000101 0000000010 0000000000 0000100000 0000000
iii 000000101 0101001000 0010000000 1100000110 0010010110 0000000001 0000001010 0000001
iv 000000100 0101000010 0000000000 0100000110 0010010100 0000000001 0000000010 0000001
v 000010100 0011010000 0000100100 0110001110 0000000001 0000000001 0001000000 0110010
vi 000000100 0010100000 0100000100 0110001010 0000000000 0000000001 0101000100 0100010
vii 000000100 0111000000 0010000100 1110001010 0000000110 0000000001 0101001000 0100010
viii 000000100 0100000010 0010000000 0000000010 0010010000 0000000001 0010000010 0000001
iX 000000100 0001100000 0000100000 0010001010 0000000001 0000000000 0001000000 0000010X 000000100 1000100000 0100100000 0110001010 0000001001 0000000011 1101010001 0011110
Xi 000001110 1100100000 0001011000 0110001010 1000001000 0000001011 1011010101 0001110
Xii 000101110 1000100000 0001001000 0010000010 1000101000 0001111111 1001000101 0000110
Xiii 100100010 0000000100 0000001010 0000000010 0000100000 0011110001 1000000000 0000000
Xiv 110000010 0100000100 0000000010 0000000010 0000010000 0010000001 0000000000 1000000
Xv 110000010 0000000000 0000000001 0000110000 1011010000 0000000001 0000000000 1000000
Xvi 010001010 0000100000 0001010000 0000000100 1000000000 0000000110 0001000001 0000000
Xvii 010000010 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000
Xviii 010000010 0000000000 0000000000 0000010010 1000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000
XiX 011000000 0000000001 1000000001 0001110000 0101000000 1100000000 0000000000 0000000
XX 011000010 0000000000 0000010000 0000000000 1000000000 0000000100 0000000000 0000000XXi 011000000 0000000001 1000000001 0001010000 0100000000 1100000000 0000000000 0000000
taxa: 1 - Alouatta belzebul; 2 - Alouatta caraya; 3 - Alouatta guariba; 4 - Alouatta nigerrima; 5 - Alouatta palliata;6 - Alouatta sara; 7 - Alouatta seniculus; 8 - Aotus azarae; 9 - Aotus lemurinus; 10 - Aotus nigriceps; 11 - Aotus trivirgatus; 12 - Aotus vocierans; 13 - Ateles belzebuth; 14 - Ateles chamek ; 15 - Ateles georoyi; 16 - Ateles hybridus; 17 - Ateles marginatus; 18 - Ateles paniscus; 19 - Brachyteles arachnoides; 20 - Brachyteles hypoxanthus;21 - Cacajao calvus; 22 - Cacajao melanocephatus; 23 - Callicebus brunneus; 24 - Callicebus cupreus; 25 - Callicebus donacophilus; 26 - Callicebus homannsi; 27 - Callicebus medemi; 28 - Callicebus moloch; 29 - Callicebus nigrirons;30 - Callicebus ornatus; 31 - Callicebus torquatus; 32 - Callimico goeldii; 33 - Callithrix aurita; 34 - Callithrix jacchus;35 - Callithrix penicillata; 36 - Cebuella pygmaea; 37 - Cebus albirons; 38 - Cebus apella; 39 - Cebus capucinus;40 - Cebus libidinosus; 41 - Cebus nigritus; 42 - Cebus olivaceus; 43 - Cebus xanthosternos; 44 - Chiropotes albinasus;
45 - Chiropotes satanas; 46 - Lagothrix cana; 47 - Lagothrix lagotricha; 48 - Lagothrix lugens; 49 - Lagothrix poeppigii;50 - Leontopithecus chrysopygus; 51 - Leontopithecus rosalia; 52 - Mico argentatus; 53 - Mico emiliae; 54 - Mico humaraliera; 55 - Mico leucippe; 56 - Mico marcai; 57 - Mico melanurus; 58 - Saimiri boliviensis; 59 - Saimiri sciureus; 60 - Saimiri ustus; 61 - Saimiri vanzolinii; 62 - Saguinus bicolor ; 63 - Saguinus uscicollis; 64 - Saguinus georoyi; 65 - Saguinus imperator ; 66 - Saguinus inustus; 67 - Saguinus labiatus; 68 - Saguinus midas; 69 - Saguinus mystax; 70 - Saguinus niger ; 71 - Saguinus nigricollis; 72 - Saguinus tripartitus; 73 - Pithecia albicans; 74 - Pithecia irrorata; 75 - Pithecia monachus; ad 76 - Pithecia pithecia.
arachnoides, Cebus nigritus, Leontopithecus
caissara ad Leontopithecus chrysopygus.
Wa a jd gg A7 ad A8 ( Ateles belzebuth, Ateles paniscus,
Cacajao melanocephalus, Callicebus torquatus,
Lagothrix lagotricha, Mico chrysoleucus, Saimiri
sciureus, Saguinus bicolor, Saguinus inustus,
Saguinus midas, and Pithecia pithecia), a(A2(A5(A7,A8))) wa jd Chiropotes
albinasus, Lagothrix cana, and Saimiri ustus.
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69Distribution pAtterns o plAtyrrhini bAseD on pAe
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01
02
03
04
05
0609
010
057
058
054
059
055
056
053
048
052
046
047
039
040
049050
051
042
043
028
035
036
037
08
07
011
033
034
041
012017
018
013
014
019
020
027
025
026
015
016
021
029
022
030
031
038
032
023
024
044
045
060
Fig. 4 — cadga ad g ada (669 , dx 0.64 ad dx 0.77).
2 nd analysis – Determining the relationship
among the areas o endemism proposed or birds
(modied rom Cracrat, 1985) with data on
primates
o adga w 320 , 0.72ad 0.84 d aa (g. 7).t a ((A10b,A18)(A10A(A17(A22,
A23)))) ad (A5(A2(A1,A11))) w jd a g , Chiropotes
satanas ad Saguinus oedipus, .sx gd A20 ad A21: Callicebus
homannsi, Mico acariensis, Mico humilis, Micomanicorensis, Mico marcai, ad Saguinus mystax.t Ateles chamek, Callicebus
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70 GolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c..
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
A1
A3
A4
A6
A2
A5
A7
A8
Fig. 6 — Aa adga ad ag pAe (w 98 , dx 0.58 ad dx 0.54).
A8
90°W
3 0 ° S
2 0 ° S
1 0 ° S
0 °
1 0 ° N
2 0 ° N
80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W
A5
A4
A6
A2
A7
A1
A3
Fig. 5 — ma na g w 8 d aa dd ada.
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71Distribution pAtterns o plAtyrrhini bAseD on pAe
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
A25
A28
A31
A24
A26
A7
A8
A4
A9
A5
A2
A1
A11
A6
A3
A12B
A16
A12C
A27
A20
A21
A14
A19
A10B
A18
A10A
A17
A22
A23
Fig. 7 — Aa adga ad ag pAe (w 320 , dx 0.72 ad dx 0.84).
brunneus, ad Lagothrix cana jd gg(A12c(A27(A20,A21))). Aa A24 ad A26 wgd ag Callithrix jacchus ad Cebus
xanthosternos.
3 rd analysis – Determining the relationship
among interfuvial areas
A adga w 386 , 0.79 ad 0.89wa ad (g. 8). A a
jd gg ad aa: a)Cebus capucinus jd gg aa iad ii; ) Calithrix penicillata jd a(Xviii(Xv(XiX,XXi))); ) Ateles marginatus,Callicebus moloch, ad Mico argentatus gdaa Xiii ad Xiv; d) Saguinus midas adPithecia pithecia jd a (viii(iii,iv));ad ) Callimico goeldii ad Pithecia monachus
jd a (iX(vi(v,vii)(X(Xi,Xii)))).
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72 GolDAni, A., cArvAlho, G. s. ad biccA-mArques J. c..
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
I
II
XVII
XVI
XX
XVIII
XV
XIX
XXI
XIII
XIV
VIII
III
IV
IX
VI
V
VII
X
XI
XII
Fig. 8 — Aa adga ad ag pAe (w 386 , dx 0.79 ad dx 0.89).
DIscussIoN
t adga dd a aaw a, ad wd gg gg aa: a) ca Aa ad x w s Aa; ) Aaa; ad ) Aa , caaga, cad,
ad ca ( g 3, 5, 6, ad 8). t ag aa a d a la Aa. t, a a
d gg a a d d a w aaa w , a a aa d ( ad)dg p ag 1.4 a a 10.000 a ag (c et al., 1997)a da.
D a, aa gag oGu (fa g) wd g (0.79) ad (0.89)
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73Distribution pAtterns o plAtyrrhini bAseD on pAe
Braz. J. Biol., 66 (1A): 61-74, 2006
d, ag d w mxaaa (m & eaa, 2002). ta a a d oGu a
w aa aa k fag. i a a aa gga a ad (A & c-bk, 1992), a w wd dd g a a g fa g ( a Alouatta
seniculus, Alouatta caraya , Alouatta guariba , Aotus
azarae, Ateles chamek , Callimico goeldii, Cebuella
pygmaea, Cebus albirons, Saimiri sciureus, adPithecia monachus). Wa a gd w ad
a a (e.g., Alouatta .), aa dd a da’ ag , a a aa ad aa a d da (ag ) ag .
i , d wd a ag oaa Gga u (oGu)d ad a pAewa a dadg a d ad d a a
w s ad ca Aa. t, pAea kwdg a d ad d a a gga g w (a Aa, madagaa, ad sAa) a aa a g.
Acknowledgments — W a ga Adé h adag udad da d ma Ga akg i a aaa . twk wa aa d c naa dD c tg (cnp) g
a a gad a ( 131662/2001-5). Jú céa ba-ma a akcda, Ga, ad Aa ba a .Ad, a, w a ak a cd Jé bad caa, Jé maa cad da sa ad paa pada aa w ad gg a.
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