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MPRSiPRS PH-4040 CWT/ftl

27 March 1946

AffAIYSiajQT. MILITARY KNOWLEDGE TEST. TO^lOla:

I. BACKGROUND.

Comnninicatisiis dä-tsd 19 July 1944 and 9 October 1944 from the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-l, directed the Personnel Research Section, Classification and Replacement Branch, AGO, to construct, validate, and standardize a test for the measurement of Military Knowledge. A pre- liminary form of the test, designated a& Military Knowledge Test,T0~101x, was constructed in the field by members of the staff of the Perse.^.i Researc. Section with the cooperation of instructors and supervisors of Military Training» The test was reviewed "by Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, Headquarters Army Ground Forces; and Military Training Division, Headquarters Army Service Forces.

II. PHOBISII.

1» To determine the validity of Military Knowledge Test, TC-101:c, items in differentiating between enlisted men who meet the minimum quali- fications required to be considered fully trained and those who do not possess those qualifications.

2. To determine the effectiveness of the Military Knowledge Test with particular reference to its usefulness among enlisted men with AGCT scores in Army grades IV and V.

III. POPULATION.

The. preliminary form of Military Knowledge Test, TC~101X?, was administered to-six (6)rgroups of enlisted men as indicated in Table I,

TABLE I

follows

TABLE I

IT

450

POPULATIONS USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF MILITARY KNOWLEDGE. .TEST. T0-101x.

Group Number

Weeks of

Training

17

Post Arm or Service .

I Fort BräggjITLÖi Field Artillery

II 581 15 Camp Wheeler Infantry-

III 728 6 Camp Wheeler Infantry

IT 513 0 Port Dix, Rt,G, Unassigned

Y 500 -X- Port Bragg Field Artillery

71 120 •?}-"- Port Dix, N.J.

•» Enlisted men in this group had various amounts of training in units and "beyond the 17-week "basic training period standard at the time of testing.

•*% Enlisted men in this group were casuals, returned from overseas, for retraining in provisional training course at Port Dix,

IV, VARIABLES.

1, Test Variables.

a„ Military Knowledge Test, TC-101x, consists of 125 four- alternate multiple-choice items (including three (3') "practice items) dealing with information concerning facts important under battle condi- tions such as map reading, military discipline^ first aid, etc. Items 118 to 125. are concerned with knowledge of Army rifles. Since both the Ml (Garand) and the M19Ö3 (Springfield) rifles are used, two (a) varia- tions of this section, (ono dealing with each type of rifle) are employed. Examinees are given the choice of answering either sot of items. The test score was the number of correct responses made by tho oxamineo,

b, AGOT standard scores were obtained for all enlistod men,

2, Criterion Variables.,

a. Amount of military training as given in Table I constituted

~ 2 -

the primary criterion. The extent gf exposure to such training wag constant from group to group except for the 500 continental trainees and the 120 casuals at Fort Dix.

b. Soldier Performance Scale, TG«lG2x, was executed for each of the 500 continental trainees at Fort Bragg by the platoon leader and platoon sergeants in each organisation and for the 581 15—weeks' trainees at Camp Wheeler by" the platoon sergeants, Be-ratings on the same instrument were obtained after one (l) week. The Soldier Perform ance Scale, IC-102x, consists of an 8" by 30" sheet of paper on which there are five (5) numbered boxes, 3§-" by 5g-11 in size; Above each box appears one of the- following descriptions:

(1) -He is a very valuable soldier and would do an out- standing job in combat. He is very interested in his platoon, and works hard to make it an unbeatable fighting team. He can also do a fine job on his own if it becomes necessary. He can be trusted with con- siderable responsibility, and responsibilities exe delegated to him. He is the kind of fellow you would most like to have with you on a patrol mission«,

(2) He is a good soldier and would do a better-than- average job in combat. He is interestdd in the platoon and works hard to keep it a good fighting outfit, He can get along on Ms own pretty well when he has to work alone. You would have little hesitancy in assigning hia work involving responsi- bility. He would be a reliable man to take along on a patrol mission,

(3) He is an average, run-of-the-mill soldier, steady and reliable. He would take care of himself in combat about as well as most of the men in the outfit. His interest in the platoon is enough so that he can be counted on to do his part without pressure. He gets along fairly well when he has to work alone. You wouldn't hesitate to take him along on a patrol mission if hotter mon were not available.

(4) His value as a soldier is somewhat limited. He can- not be counted on to do much in combat. He hardly ever goes out of his way to contribute to the effi- ciency of the platoon, and has little team spirit. Ho lacks the ability and drivo to do a good piece of work on his own, and requires supervision. You would not take him with you on a patrol mission unless you nooded men pretty badly,

g *

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(-5) He is of little value as. a soldier* He would "be almost worthless in a combat situation, and would lower the fighting efficiency of the unit. He can work only under close supervision, and would mess up almost anything he tried to do on his, own. In a critical situation, he would he li^1-^ to endanger the lives of his "buddies, as well as^'K" f own. You would rather risk a patrol mission ictoji^ thafi take him along with you.

She name of each 'soldier <to "be rated was typed on a 3* x o'f card especially printed for the purpose. On the reverse side of the card, space is provided for recording the results. Ratings were accomplished under the direction of a technician from the- staff of the Personnel Research Section and in accordance with the procedure described in the Soldier Performance Scale Manual, TC-Mllx (WD AGO PET Humber 329). After the rater assigns the cards of the men b6ing rated to their appropriate group, the cards within each group are arranged in order of merit ranking and marked.

Y. PROOZTuZC AI3 RESULTS.

1, Item Analysis,

af An alternative analysis of the items in Military Knowledge Test, TC-lOlx, was performed on four (4) groups!

Port7Bragg,_ Field Artillery, with 17 weeks' training, Camp Wheeler., Infantry^ with 15 weeks' training, Camp Kfcetsi-srj Infantry, with 6 weeks' training, . Port Dix,.Reception Center, untrained.

Results of thik analysis aro presented-in Table II.

T-AUT.Tn TT.

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h. Since the greatest number of inductees are assigned to the infantry and since infantry training is most "basic, it was decided to use the difference between the percent of 15~week infantry trainees at Camp Wheeler and the percent of untrained inductees from lo'rt Dix who made correct rosponses to the several items as the basis of item selection. These differences are presented in Table III,

TABLE III

DEFERENCE BETWEEN PERCENT OF TRAINED AND UNTRAINED MEN GIVING CORRECT RESPONSE TO ITEMS IN MILITARY KNOWLEDGE TEST,TC-101x

AND DISPOSITION OE ITEMS

KEY:, A - Items duplicated in TC-lOla B - Items revised -minor change s- C - Items revised - major D - Items discarded

Included in TC-101a

Item Difference Pis-position

4 29 B 5 41 D 6 61 B 7 27 B 8 44 C 9 37 C

10 26 . D 11 . 13 B 12 32 " A 13 84 ; D 14 -43 B; 15 9 C 16 4 A' 17 42 B 18 10 D- 19 23 A *^\ in •n CKf it

21 8 C 22 70 B 23 22 0 24 •-•32 D, 24 43 C 26 6 A 27 12 B •

28 27 D

Item Difference Pis-position

29 48 C 30 69 A 31 11 C 32 5 B 33 45 D 34 55 0 35 57 A 36 20 B 37 1- B 38 14 A S9 15 D 40 55 D 41 14 A 42 47 0 43 46 A 44 46 B .AK Kfi 0 46 ' 65 0 47 12 B 48 5 D 49 14 0 50 . 29 D 61 47 B 52 55 A 53 37 0

- 6 ^

, 4 TABLE III (continued)

K3Y: A ~ Items duplicated in EM - 101a B — It-ems revised -minor changes- Included in TC--101& 0 - Items revised - major D — Items discarded

Item Difference D isposition

54 19 D 55 15 D 56 41 A 57 44 A 58 81 0 59 19 B 60 44 0 61 59 A 62 6X 0 63 34 A 64 8 3 65 30 A 66 14 B 67 25 D 68 35 D 69 41 B 70 -1 I) 71 28 0 72 13 D 73 3 0 74 A B 75 8 A 76 15 D 77 44 B 78 28 A 79 9 C 80 48 A 81 23 0 82 4 B

nA T\ Ö-1- **l*ft> AJ

84 10 D 85 0 0 86 73 D 87 15 A 88 VA: 0 89 47 0

Item Difference Pis-position

90 30 B SI «3 D 92 19 B 93 13 A 94 7 D 95 28 0 96 7 B 97 -4 D 98 20 0 99 -4 A 100 -3 A 101 2 B 102 14 D 103 —«a 0 104 10 D 105 0 C 106 6 A 107 5 B 108 48 A 109 37 0 110 23 D 111 -8 A 112 is- C 113 29 A 114 16 D 115 26 B 116 33 0 117 34 D 118 -4 B n.o CJl n. •&.•*.%' u-x V 120 89 A 121 42 . D 12a 76 Ar 123 71 G 124 65 B 125 Tii J? D

*-» 7 **

c« The number of trained enlisted men'who selected the questions on the M1903 (Springfield) rifle was inadequate for $tem analysis purposes» Hence, items 118 through 125 were analyzed only with respect to the Ml (G-arand) rifle.

'. » d. Item "selection was made on the "basis of inspection of

the magnitude of the difference "between percent of trained and un- trained enlisted men responding correctly« to each and "by the importance of the subject matter of the items to the information\ne%eded "by a'-.. . soldier under combat conditions. Twenty-nine (29) items were dis- carded as invalid. 3?our items were included despite'.their low dis-^ crimination level heoause they were fundamental to -military knowledge. Twenty-five (25) items were revised to increase their validity and 64 items were adequately valid to justify their inclusion without further revision« Seven (7) new items wore constructed to yield 1O0> test and three (s) practice items in the'.new form of Military Knowledge Test, designated TC~101ae

2, Helation of Military Knowledge Test to the Army General Clas- sification Tost»

a» Considering tho fact that 32$ of the final form of Mili- tary Knowledge Test, TC-101a, were either revised or entirely new items, the requirements of adequate experimental design demand that the valid*» ity of TC-101a as well as its relation to tho AGCT "be determined on a new population exposed to the revised form of the test. Time limits imposed upon the Personnel Research Section, AGO, precluded the possi-* bility of conducting the necessary research. To approximate the results that might "bo anticipated from such research, the TC-101x papers wore re-scored for the 64 items which were to "be used in TC-lOla and the 25 items which were revised for inclusion in TC~101a#

. b. of TCw-ioix.

The results reported "below are "based on the re-scoring

c, The.AGCT relative frequency distributions, moans and standard deviations of the several populations are presented in Eabie If, It 'ivill be noted that the man AGCT score of the Camp Wheeler (15 weeks) population iö almost four "(4) score, points below that of the Port Ms population. ThoBe constitute the cases used in tho item analysis* Thus, any correlation between the Military Knowledge To3t, TC-lOlx, and AGCT would tend to minimize, tho validity of tho several items as a means of differentiating trained from untrained personnel.

TABLE IV follows

« 8 «

145-149

140-144

135-139

130-134

135-129

120-124

115-119

110-114

105-109

100-104

95-99

90-94

85-89

80-*84

75-79

70-74

65-69

60-64

55-59

50-54

45-49

40-44

35-39

30-34

Mean S.Bf

IT

TABLE IV

DISTRIBUTIONS OF ARiff GENERAL CLASSIFICATION TEST SCORES * FOR FIVE (5) GROUPS OF ENLISTED MEN

. I II «I IV Tor-Arage Fort Bragg Camp Wheeler Camp Wheeler Fort Dix, RC (17 weeks (17 weeks) (15 weeks) ('6 weeks) (O-weeks) Oogt.Tng.)

.2

.7

.4

2.0

2.7

4.4

6*6

6.9

12.6

9.5

8.2

7.7

8.6

8.9

9.7

5.8

2.4

1.8

.4

.4

80.6 18,1 450

.3$

1.3

2„1

4.7

8e0

9.0

10.1

9.8

7.0

9.0

7*5

7.8

3.6

6.7

4.9

4.4

3*4

• o

.3

99.4 19.4

387

,2$

.8

o-8

2,3

402

406

6.7

8.6

S»2

9.7

10.3

8.8

6.3

9.5

6.3

6»9

3.6

»2

.6

.2

93.1 18.5 476

„4$

2.2

1.5

3.2

3c 7

801

808

11.0

U.4

2.9

8.5

10.7

7.7

4.0

5.5

3.3

1.5

1.5

5.2

103.0 18.4

358

.2$

1.6

1.2

3; 6

5.8

3*6

10.0 '

3.4

6.0

io;4

6.4

5,6

4.8

6.2

5.2

5.2

4,0

3.0

2:2.

.4

.8

•,1

95.0 22.0 499

« 9 ~

d, Product moment correlations "between 89* of the TC-101x items and AGCT were ,57 for the 385 Camp Wheeler"' lö-weeks' trainees used in the item analysis and .66 for the 193 Camp Wheeler trainees (15 weeks) not used in the item analysis. She correlations between the AGCT and the several criteria in these groups are presented in Table V,

TABES V

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOLDIER PERFORMANCE SCALE RANKINGS AND RATING AND AGCT SCORES.

Camp Wheeler - • 15-Week Trainees Used in j£ot Used in

Criterion Item Analysis Item Analysis N=385 N=192

Platoon Sgt 1st Rating .24 .23

Platoon Sgt 2d Rating .24 .15

Platoon Sgt 1st Ranking .23 .26

Platoon Sgt 2d Ranking .23 ,20

e. Table VI presents the correlations "between the 89 selected items and the measure of soldier performance.

TABLE VI

follows

Four (4) additional items in TC~101x which were included in TC-10-la were omitted from this scoring,. While these four (4) items have low validity, they constitute too omall a portion of the total test variance to effect the correlation seriously.,

- 10 «

TABIS Vt

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOLDIEE PEEFOEMANCE SCALE RANKINGS AND EATINGS AND SCORES ON 89 OF THE

ITEMS COMMON TO TO-lOlx AND T0~101a.

Camp feeler 15-week Trainees Used in Not Used in

Item Analysis Item Analysis Criterion N=385 N=192

Platoon Sgt 1st Eating .36 .34

Platoon Sgt 2d Eating ,35 .30

Platoon Sgt 1st Eariking .37 .35

Platoon Sgt 2d Eanking „35 .34

f. The correlation "between the first and second ratings of the platoon sergeant is c81 for the -V'jem analysis group and 083 for the remainder of the Camp Wheeler 15—weeks' trainees. The correlations "between, first and second rankings for the same group are ,80 and e83, respectively. The correlation "between the first ratings of the platoon leader and the platoon sergeant is .55 for 465 Port Bragg continental trainees. A correlation of .76 "between the first rankings of the platoon leader and that of the platoon sergeant was obtained on the same population.

g. Graph I presents a comparison of the relative frequency distribution of the scores of 194 Camp" Wheeler 15-weeks1 trainees not used in the item analysis and of the 241 Port Dix untrained soldiers on the 89 items common to TC-101x and TC—101a. (Graph attached)

VI. CONCLUSIONS.

1, Evidence indicates that TC-101a will successfully differentiate "between trained and untrained onlistcd men,,

2* Since extensive revision of certain items and the construction of now items wan required, further research is necessary to establish cutkiiv scores.

5. The Soldier Performance Scale 3hows satisfactory ryliability as indicated 'by "both the correlation between raters and the correlation between the first and second ratings.

£» The validity of TC-r-lOla as indicated by its corrolation with Soldier Performance ratings is not generally satisfactory within a geovep as homogeneous with respect to trainings as thoso upon which results are available. Whore the variance of the group tuoturt is greater thnn that

— 11 *-•

obtained here, more satisfactory predictability may "be expected.

VII. BEOBHIOLftHS.

1. Technicians with major responsibility for study:

Lt James M. Lynch Lt Albert H, Berg

2» Technicians responsible for collection of data;

Lt James M. Lynch Lt Albert H. Berg Lt Louis P. tfillemin, Jr.

Z» Technician responsible for analysis of datat

Hiss Edith Cummins

4» Seport written by:

Dr. 33. K, Taylor

- 12

GKÄFU I

COMPARISON 0? THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SCOftSS ON MILITARY KNOWLEDGE T«ST, TC-101a*, OP UNTRAINED MLN AND 15-tiEEKS TRAINEES

241 Fort Dix Reception Center Soldiers before Training

SCORE

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

:.., 65

60

1 -4

Ml' UM111*

itMM|ll»l>mlllllll'l|l>lltlltll"itl1l||<illl4l

tlll<ll>«llllll)l>l|lll|ll l.llllllll«|l.|MMllll

55

.50

45

'.".'.{ 40 i

;•••• 35

.:::.' 30

•••'i 25

20

15

10

5

0

192 Infantrymen at Cora? Wheeler after 15 Weeks of Training

I I ) L i J 30# 25$ 20£ 15JS lOJg 5# 0$

99

9/.

• 89

. 84

• 79

- 74

- 69

- 64

- 59!

- 54

- 49

- 44

- 39 j

- 34?

- 29 j I

- 24 i i

- 191

- 14', i

9 , i !

*- 4 •

'mi

i 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% m %

•»Based on CO out cf 100 items «jontainod in final form TC-lOla,

£*o^

5 (J-tfrf -^i-iäiJ; gto^p aoo AsnäSToäo o2 £3LMtoEä?' I3E£32CC2JQ SöO^D

0- h 4' •;. •/?''.•' ^ •

4MX

.^•r, }'/

NTIS, Auths MX n<s^ic &j 4L