districts region f
TRANSCRIPT
Pecos
Reeves
Crockett
Irion
Sutton
Upton
Kimble
Coke
Andrews
Ector
Ward
Reagan
BrownColeman
Tom Green
Mason
Martin
Crane
Concho
Scurry
Runnels
Schleicher
Borden
Menard
Sterling
Howard
MidlandWinkler
Mitchell
McCulloch
Loving Glasscock
FN JO
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OC
MD
07
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EDB
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AFTED
BM
E
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1.3-44055 International Plaza, Suite 200Fort W
orth, TX 76109 - 4895Phone - (817) 735 - 7300
Region F
Underground W
ater Conservation
Districts
Jan
ua
ry 4
, 20
10
/ Area of Enlargement
10 0 10 20 30
Miles
o
LegendUWC Districts
Lipan-Kickapoo
Plateau UWC
Permian Basin
Irion County
Glasscock County
Santa Rita
Sutton County
Sterling
Source: Texas Water Development Board, 2009
Coke County
Menard
Crockett County GCD
Hickory
Lone Wolf
Kimble County
Middle Pecos
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-3
9
Ten
of th
e GC
Ds in
Reg
ion
F fo
rm th
e West T
exas R
egio
nal G
rou
nd
water A
lliance, an
org
anizatio
n th
at pro
mo
tes the co
nserv
ation
, preserv
ation
and
ben
eficial use o
f water an
d related
resou
rces in th
e regio
n. G
CD
s perfo
rm an
imp
ortan
t role in
man
agin
g R
egio
n F
’s water su
pp
ly.
Sev
en o
f the G
CD
s are also m
emb
ers of th
e West T
exas W
eather M
od
ification
Asso
ciation
, a
gro
up
that p
erform
s rainfall en
han
cemen
t activities in
a seven
cou
nty
area.
The G
CD
s also are p
articipatin
g in
a Join
t Plan
nin
g in
itiative fo
r gro
undw
ater thro
ugh
Gro
un
dw
ater Man
agem
ent A
reas (GM
As) an
d is so
metim
es referred to
as GM
A p
lann
ing
. Th
e
State L
egislatu
re desig
nated
16 G
MA
s to co
incid
e with
majo
r aquifers in
the S
tate of T
exas.
Each
GM
A is task
ed w
ith d
etermin
ing
Desired
Fu
ture C
on
ditio
ns fo
r the aq
uifers in
the
man
agem
ent area fo
r plan
nin
g p
urp
oses. T
here are fo
ur G
MA
s that in
clud
e on
e or m
ore
counties in
Reg
ion F
: GM
A-7
, GM
A-4
, GM
A-2
, and G
MA
-8. T
he G
MA
coverag
e in R
egio
n F
is sho
wn
in F
igu
re 1.3
-5. A
dd
ition
al info
rmatio
n o
n th
e GM
A p
rocess an
d g
rou
nd
water
availab
ility is in
cluded
in C
hap
ter 3.
1.3
.3S
prin
gs in
Reg
ion
F
Sp
ring
s in R
egio
n F
hav
e been
imp
ortan
t sou
rces of w
ater sup
ply
since p
rehisto
ric times an
d
hav
e had
great in
fluen
ce on
early tran
spo
rtation
rou
tes and
pattern
s of settlem
ent. H
ow
ever,
gro
un
dw
ater dev
elop
men
t and
the resu
lting
water lev
el declin
es hav
e caused
man
y sp
ring
s to
disap
pear o
ver tim
e and
hav
e greatly
dim
inish
ed th
e flow
from
man
y o
f tho
se that rem
ain. E
ven
tho
ug
h sp
ring
flow
s are declin
ing
thro
ug
ho
ut th
e regio
n d
ue to
gro
un
dw
ater dev
elop
men
t, bru
sh
infestatio
n, an
d clim
atic con
ditio
ns, m
any
still are imp
ortan
t sou
rces of w
ater.
Sev
eral rivers in
Reg
ion
F h
ave sig
nifican
t sprin
g-fed
flow
s, inclu
din
g trib
utary
creeks to
the
Co
nch
o an
d th
e San
Sab
a Riv
ers, wh
ich are d
irectly o
r ind
irectly u
sed fo
r mu
nicip
al and
irrigatio
n p
urp
oses in
the reg
ion.
Man
y sp
ring
s are also im
po
rtant to
the reg
ion
for n
atural reso
urces p
urp
oses. T
he D
iamo
nd
Y S
prin
gs in
no
rthern
Peco
s Co
un
ty an
d th
e Balm
orh
ea sprin
g co
mp
lex in
sou
thern
Reev
es
Co
un
ty flo
w co
ntin
uo
usly
and
are imp
ortan
t hab
itat for en
dan
gered
species. A
lso in
Peco
s
Co
un
ty, th
e histo
rically sig
nifican
t Co
man
che S
prin
gs flo
w o
ccasionally
du
ring
win
ter mo
nth
s
wh
en th
ere is less stress on
the u
nd
erlyin
g aq
uifer.
GMA 8
GMA 2
GMA 3
GMA 7
PECOS
REEVES
CROCKETT
IRIONUPTON
SUTTON KIMBLE
COKE
ANDREWS
REAGAN
WARD
ECTOR
TOM GREEN
COLEMAN BROWN
MASON
MARTIN
CONCHO
CRANE
RUNNELS
SCURRYBORDEN
MENARDSCHLEICHER
HOWARD
MIDLANDSTERLING
MITCHELL
WINKLERLOVING
McCULLOCH
GLASSCOCK
FN JO
B N
OC
MD
07
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Regio
nF_G
MA
.mxd
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ESIGN
EDB
ME
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AFTED
BM
E
FIGU
RE
1.3-54055 International Plaza, Suite 200Fort W
orth, TX 76109 - 4895Phone - (817) 735 - 7300
Region F
GM
A Boundaries with M
ajor Aquifer
Jan
ua
ry 4
, 20
10
/ Area of Enlargement
10 0 10 20 30
Miles
o
Legend
Pecos Valley
Trinity
Major Aquifers
Ogallala
Source: Texas Water Development BoardOutcropDowndip
Edwards-Trinity (Plateau)
GMAs
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-4
1
Th
e Reg
ion
F P
lann
ing
Gro
up
has id
entified
13
majo
r sprin
gs in
the reg
ion
that are im
po
rtant
for w
ater sup
ply
or n
atural reso
urces p
rotectio
n (F
igu
re 1.3
-6).
Th
ese majo
r sprin
gs in
clud
e: San
So
lom
on
, Giffin
, and
San
dia S
prin
gs in
Reev
es Co
un
ty; C
om
anch
e and
Diam
on
d Y
Sp
ring
s in
Peco
s Co
un
ty; S
prin
g C
reek S
prin
gs, D
ov
e Creek
Sp
ring
s, and
Ro
cky
Creek
Sp
ring
s in Irio
n
Co
un
ty; A
nso
n S
prin
gs, L
ipan
Sp
ring
, and
Kick
apo
o S
prin
g in
To
m G
reen C
ou
nty
; Clear C
reek
Sp
ring
in M
enard
Co
un
ty; an
d S
an S
aba S
prin
g in
Sch
leicher C
ou
nty
. Fo
r con
ven
ience, th
e
follo
win
g sp
ring
descrip
tion
s are gro
up
ed in
to related
geo
grap
hic areas.
Discu
ssion
s pertain
ing
to th
e histo
rical sign
ificance o
f these sp
ring
s are taken
from
Gu
nn
er Bru
ne
13
,14.
Ba
lmo
rhea
Area
Sp
ring
s
Sp
ring
s in th
e Balm
orh
ea area hav
e sup
po
rted ag
ricultu
ral cultu
res for cen
turies. E
arly
orig
inal A
merican
s du
g aceq
uias to
div
ert sprin
g-w
ater to cro
ps. In
the n
ineteen
th cen
tury
several m
ills were p
ow
ered b
y w
ater from
the sp
ring
s. Th
e Reev
es Co
un
ty W
ater Co
ntro
l and
Imp
rov
emen
t District N
o. 1
was fo
rmed
in 1
91
5 an
d p
rov
ides w
ater, mostly
from
San
So
lom
on
Sp
ring
s, to irrig
ated lan
d in
the area. T
he sp
ring
s are also u
sed fo
r recreation
al pu
rpo
ses at the
Balm
orh
ea State P
ark, an
d are th
e ho
me o
f rare and
end
ang
ered sp
ecies, inclu
din
g th
e Co
man
che
Sp
ring
s pu
pfish
, wh
ich w
as transp
lanted
here w
hen
flow
in C
om
anch
e Sp
ring
s at Fo
rt Sto
ckto
n
becam
e un
dep
end
able. T
hree m
ajor sp
ring
s are located
in an
d aro
un
d th
e com
mu
nity
of
Balm
orh
ea: San
So
lom
on
Sp
ring
s, Giffin
Sp
ring
s, and
East an
d W
est San
dia S
prin
gs. A
fou
rth
sprin
g, P
han
tom
Sp
ring
, is located
in Jeff D
avis C
ou
nty
(Reg
ion
E) a sh
ort d
istance w
est of
Balm
orh
ea. Belo
w av
erage rain
fall in th
e area ov
er the p
ast decad
e has resu
lted in
dim
inish
ing
flow
s from
these sp
ring
s.
San
Solo
mon
Sp
rings are lo
cated in
the larg
e swim
min
g p
oo
l in B
almo
rhea S
tate Park
and
are the larg
est sprin
g in
Reev
es Co
un
ty. T
he sp
ring
’s imp
ortan
ce beg
ins w
ith its recreatio
nal u
se
in th
e po
ol, th
en its h
abitat fo
r end
ang
ered sp
ecies in th
e ditch
es leadin
g fro
m th
e po
ol 1
5, and
finally
its irrigatio
n u
se do
wn
stream, w
here w
ater from
these sp
ring
s is used
to irrig
ate
app
rox
imately
10
,00
0 acres o
f farmlan
d. T
hese sp
ring
s, wh
ich w
ere on
ce kn
ow
n as M
escalero
or H
ead S
prin
gs, issu
e from
low
er Cretaceo
us lim
eston
es that u
nd
erlie surface g
ravels in
the
area. Sp
ring
flow
is main
tained
by
precip
itation
recharg
e in th
e nearb
y D
avis M
ou
ntain
s to th
e
sou
th. D
ischarg
e from
San
So
lom
on
Sp
ring
s is typ
ically b
etween
25
cub
ic feet per seco
nd
(cfs)
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Fort McKavett
Balmorhea
Fort Stockton
San Angelo
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DA
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AL
E
DE
SIG
NE
D
AC
AD
DR
AF
TE
DB
JS
FIG
UR
E
1.3
-6
LB
G-G
uyto
n A
sso
cia
tes
1101 S
. Cap
ital o
f Tx. H
wy. B
-220
Au
stin
, Te
xas 7
8746
Ph
on
e - (5
12) 3
27 - 9
640
Re
gio
n F
Wate
r Pla
n
Iden
tified
Ma
jor S
prin
gs in
Reg
ion
F
Ju
ly 1
8, 2
00
5
�
1" =
35
mile
s
� �
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-4
3
and
30
cfs. After stro
ng
rains, th
e sprin
gflo
w o
ften in
creases rapid
ly an
d b
ecom
es
som
ewh
at turb
id. T
hese b
ursts in
sprin
gflo
w are ty
pically
short-liv
ed.
Giffin
Sp
rings are lo
cated acro
ss the h
igh
way
from
Balm
orh
ea State P
ark, an
d are at th
e
same elev
ation
as San
So
lom
on
Sp
ring
s. Giffin
Sp
ring
s are smaller th
an, b
ut v
ery sim
ilar to, S
an
So
lom
on
Sp
ring
s. Water d
ischarg
ing
from
these sp
ring
s is used
for irrig
ation
, and
typ
ically
averag
es betw
een th
ree and
fou
r cub
ic feet per seco
nd
. Disch
arge fro
m G
iffin S
prin
gs resp
on
ds
mu
ch m
ore clo
sely to
precip
itation
than
the o
ther B
almo
rhea-area sp
ring
s.
East a
nd
West S
an
dia
Sp
rings are lo
cated ab
out o
ne m
ile east of B
almo
rhea at an
elevatio
n
sligh
tly lo
wer th
an S
an S
alom
on
and
Giffin
Sp
ring
s. Flo
w fro
m th
is sprin
g sy
stem w
as
classified as a “stream
segm
ent w
ith sig
nifican
t natu
ral resou
rces” in th
e first regio
nal p
lan.
Th
ey are eco
log
ically sig
nifican
t due to
the p
resence o
f the P
ecos G
amb
usia an
d th
e Peco
s
Su
nflo
wer, an
d th
e on
ly k
no
wn
natu
rally o
ccurrin
g p
op
ulatio
ns o
f the C
om
anch
e Sp
ring
s
pupfish
16. E
ast San
dia S
prin
gs are ab
ou
t twice as larg
e as the W
est San
dia S
prin
gs lo
cated
app
rox
imately
on
e mile farth
er up
the v
alley. T
ogeth
er these tw
o sp
ring
s were called
the
Patterso
n S
prin
gs in
19
15
by
the U
.S. A
rmy
Co
rps o
f En
gin
eers. East an
d W
est San
dia S
prin
gs
flow
from
alluv
ial sand
and
grav
el, bu
t the w
ater is pro
bab
ly d
erived
from
the u
nd
erlyin
g
Cretaceo
us C
om
anch
ean lim
eston
e. Disch
arge is ty
pically
betw
een o
ne an
d th
ree cfs.
Fo
rt Sto
ckto
n A
rea S
prin
gs
Com
an
che S
prin
gs flo
ws fro
m a fau
lt fracture in
the C
om
anch
ean lim
eston
e. Th
is com
plex
of sp
ring
s inclu
des as m
any
as five larg
er sprin
gs an
d eig
ht sm
aller sprin
gs in
and
arou
nd
Ro
on
ey P
ark. T
hese sp
ring
s were h
istorically
very
imp
ortan
t, servin
g as a m
ajor cro
ssroad
s on
early so
uth
western
travel ro
utes. It is b
ecause o
f their h
istorical sig
nifican
ce and
their co
ntin
ued
ecoto
urism
imp
ortan
ce to th
e city o
f Fo
rt Sto
ckto
n, th
at this sp
ring
system
is con
sidered
a majo
r
sprin
g. T
he d
evelo
pm
ent o
f irrigated
farmin
g in
the B
eldin
g area 1
2 m
iles to th
e sou
thw
est has
intercep
ted n
atural g
rou
nd
water flo
w, an
d b
y th
e early 1
96
0s C
om
anch
e Sp
ring
s had
ceased to
flow
con
tinu
ou
sly. H
ow
ever, sin
ce 19
87
, Co
man
che S
prin
gs h
as spo
radically
flow
ed, p
rimarily
du
ring
win
ter mo
nth
s.
Dia
mon
d Y
Sp
rings (o
r Deep
Sp
ring
s) is the larg
est sprin
g sy
stem in
Peco
s Co
un
ty, an
d
pro
vid
es aqu
atic hab
itat for rare an
d en
dan
gered
species. T
he sp
ring
s are on
e of th
e largest an
d
last remain
ing
cieneg
a (desert m
arshlan
d) sy
stems in
West T
exas. T
hese sp
ring
s are located
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-4
4
no
rth o
f Fo
rt Sto
ckto
n, an
d issu
e from
a deep
ho
le in C
om
anch
ean lim
eston
e, app
rox
imately
sixty
feet in d
iameter. T
he ch
emical q
uality
of th
e sprin
g w
ater sug
gests th
at its orig
in m
ay b
e
from
the d
eeper R
ustler aq
uifer. T
his sp
ring
is one o
f the last p
laces the L
eon
Sp
ring
s pu
pfish
can b
e fou
nd
, and
is also h
om
e for th
e Peco
s Gam
bu
sia. Th
e Tex
as Natu
re Co
nserv
ancy
main
tains co
nserv
ation
man
agem
ent o
f the D
iamo
nd
Y S
prin
gs.
San
An
gelo
Area
Sp
rings
Six
sprin
gs/sp
ring
-fed creek
s located
with
in ap
pro
xim
ately tw
enty
miles o
f San
An
gelo
are
iden
tified as m
ajor sp
ring
s. Fo
ur o
f these sp
ring
s, inclu
din
g D
ov
e Creek
Sp
ring
s, Sp
ring
Creek
Sp
ring
s, Ro
cky
Creek
Sp
ring
s, and
An
son
Sp
ring
s, form
the p
rimary
tribu
taries that feed
into
Tw
in B
uttes R
eservo
ir, wh
ich is a w
ater sup
ply
sou
rce for th
e City
of S
an A
ng
elo. T
wo
oth
er
sprin
gs, L
ipan
Sp
ring
and
Kick
apo
o S
prin
g, d
o n
ot feed
into
Tw
in B
uttes, b
ut in
stead flo
w in
to
the C
on
cho
Riv
er do
wn
stream fro
m S
an A
ng
elo.
Dove C
reek S
prin
gs are lo
cated at th
e head
of D
ove C
reek in
Irion C
ounty
about eig
ht m
iles
sou
thw
est of K
nick
erbo
cker. T
he p
erenn
ial sprin
gs flo
w an
averag
e of 9
cfs and
con
tribu
te to
surface flo
w d
estined
for T
win
Bu
ttes Reserv
oir. T
he lan
do
wn
ers of th
ese sprin
gs h
ave p
laced
the riv
er corrid
or su
rrou
nd
ing
the sp
ring
s into
a Co
nserv
ation
Reserv
e Pro
gram
so as to
pro
tect
aqu
atic and
oth
er wild
life as well as v
egetatio
n sp
ecies.
An
son
Sp
rings, also
kn
ow
n as th
e Head
of th
e Riv
er Sp
ring
s, are located
on
ranch
land
app
rox
imately
five m
iles sou
th o
f Ch
ristov
al in T
om
Green
Co
un
ty. P
erenn
ial sprin
g flo
w in
the
bed
and b
anks o
f the S
outh
Conch
o R
iver resu
lts in an
averag
e disch
arge o
f more th
an 2
0 cfs.
Th
is sprin
gflo
w su
stains th
e So
uth
Co
nch
o R
iver, w
hich
has m
ajor irrig
ation
div
ersion
perm
its
datin
g b
ack to
the early
19
00
s. Th
e env
iron
men
t surro
un
din
g th
e sprin
gs is a sen
sitive eco
-
system
with
div
erse flora an
d fau
na fo
un
d o
nly
in th
is specific lo
cation
. Th
e land
ow
ners o
f the
sprin
gs h
ave p
laced th
e river co
rrido
r of th
eir pro
perty
wh
ere the sp
ring
s are located
into
a
Co
nserv
ation
Reserv
e Pro
gram
to p
rotect v
egetatio
n an
d aq
uatic life as w
ell as oth
er wild
life.
Sp
ring
Creek
Sp
ring
s (also k
now
n as S
even
, Head
waters, o
r Good S
prin
gs) are lo
cated o
n
Sp
ring
Creek
in eastern
Irion
Co
un
ty ap
pro
xim
ately th
ree miles so
uth
of th
e tow
n o
f Mertzo
n.
Besid
es evid
ence o
f sign
ificant o
ccup
ation
by
early A
merican
Ind
ians, th
e U.S
. Cav
alry also
used
the sp
ring
s in th
e late 18
40
s. Th
is was th
e last fresh w
ater sprin
g o
n th
e rou
te westw
ard.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-4
5
Ro
cky
Creek
Sp
ring
s are located
on W
est Rock
y C
reek in
north
eastern Irio
n C
ounty
, four
to fiv
e miles n
orth
west o
f the to
wn
of A
rden
.
Lip
an
Sp
ring
is located
app
rox
imately
15
miles so
uth
east of S
an A
ng
elo an
d w
as a stop
on
the o
ld C
hih
uah
ua R
oad
. Th
is sprin
g, w
hich
issues fro
m E
dw
ards lim
eston
e, has h
istorically
flow
ed at less th
an o
ne cfs.
Kick
ap
oo
Sp
ring also
disch
arges fro
m E
dw
ards lim
eston
e, and
is located
app
rox
imately
twelv
e miles so
uth
of V
anco
urt. T
his sp
ring w
as used
for irrig
ation in
the early
day
s of
settlemen
t and
histo
rically h
as flow
ed b
etween
1 an
d 4
cfs.
Fo
rt McK
av
ett Area
Sp
ring
s
San
Sab
a S
prin
gs (G
ov
ernm
ent o
r Main
Sp
ring
s), located
at the h
eadw
aters of th
e San
Sab
a
Riv
er, were o
n th
e Ch
ihu
ahu
a Ro
ad fro
m th
e Po
rt of In
dian
ola to
Mex
ico an
d w
ere the w
ater
sup
ply
for F
ort M
cKav
ett, establish
ed in
18
52
.
Clea
r Creek
Sp
ring
s (Wilk
inso
n S
prin
gs) fo
rms th
e head
waters o
f Clear C
reek, w
hich
con
tribu
tes sign
ificant flo
w to
the u
pp
er reaches o
f the S
an S
aba R
iver in
Men
ard C
ou
nty
. Th
e
old
San
Sab
a Missio
n w
as located
near th
ese sprin
gs fro
m 1
75
6 to
17
58
. Th
e sprin
gs w
ere also a
stop
on
the C
hih
uah
ua R
oad
.
1.4
Ag
ricultu
ral a
nd
Na
tura
l Reso
urces in
Reg
ion
F
1.4
.1E
nd
an
gered
or T
hrea
tened
Sp
ecies
Tab
le 1.4
-1 is a co
mp
ilation
of fed
eral and
state threaten
ed an
d en
dan
gered
species fo
un
d in
Reg
ion
F co
un
ties.
Sectio
n 7
of th
e Fed
eral En
dan
gered
Sp
ecies Act req
uires fed
eral agen
cies to co
nsu
lt with
the
US
FW
S to
ensu
re that actio
n th
ey au
tho
rize, fun
d, o
r carry o
ut w
ill no
t jeop
ardize listed
species.
Un
der S
ection
9 o
f the sam
e act, it is un
lawfu
l for a p
erson
to “tak
e” a listed sp
ecies. Un
der th
e
federal d
efinitio
n “tak
e mean
s to h
arass, harm
, pu
rsue, h
un
t, sho
ot, w
ou
nd
, kill, trap
, captu
re or
collect o
r attemp
t to en
gag
e in an
y su
ch co
nd
uct.” In
clud
ed in
the d
efinitio
n o
f harm
are hab
itat
mo
dificatio
ns o
r deg
radatio
n th
at actually
kills o
r inju
res a species o
r imp
airs essential
beh
avio
ral pattern
s such
as breed
ing
, feedin
g o
r shelterin
g1
7.
Th
e Tex
as En
dan
gered
Sp
ecies Act g
ives th
e Tex
as Park
s and W
ildlife D
epartm
ent th
e
auth
ority
to estab
lish a list o
f fish an
d w
ildlife th
at are end
ang
ered o
r threaten
ed w
ith statew
ide
1-46
Table 1.4-1
Endangered and Threatened Species in Region F
Species Status� County
Common Name Scientific Name Federal State
An
dre
ws
Bord
en
Bro
wn
Co
ke
Co
lem
an
Con
cho
Cra
ne
Cro
cket
t
Ect
or
Gla
ssco
ck
Ho
wa
rd
Irio
n
Kim
ble
Lo
vin
g
Mart
in
Ma
son
McC
ull
och
Men
ard
Mid
lan
d
Mit
chel
l
Pec
os
Rea
ga
n
Ree
ves
Ru
nn
els
Sch
leic
her
Scu
rry
Ste
rlin
g
Su
tton
Tom
Gre
en
Up
ton
Wa
rd
Win
kle
r
Birds ��American Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus anatum T S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus T S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Black-capped Vireo Vireo atricapilla E E B B B B B B B B B B F B B B B B B B F
Common Black-hawk Buteogallus anthracinus T S
Golden-Cheeked Warbler Dendroica chrysoparia E E S S S B B S B
Interior Least Tern Sterna antillarum E E S S S S S S S S S S S S S S B S
Northern Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis septentrionalis E E S B
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus T S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Reddish Egret Egretta rufuscens T S S
Whooping Crane Grus americana E E S S B S B S S S S S B B B S S S S S S S S S S
Zone-Tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus T S S S S S S S
Fish
Clear Creek Gambusia Gambusia hetochir E E B
Comanche Springs Pupfish Cyprinodon elegans E E S B
Leon Springs Pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus E E B
Pecos Gambusia Gambusia nobilis E E B B
Pecos Pupfish Cyprinodon pecosensis T S S S S S S
Proserpine Shiner Cyprinella proserpina T S S
Rio Grande Darter Etheostoma grahami T S
Mammals
Black Bear Ursus americanus T S S S S S S S S S S S S
Gray Wolf Canis lupus E S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Ocelot Leopardus pardalis E S S
Palo Duro Mouse Peromyscus truei comanche T S
Red Wolf Canis rufus E S S S S S S S S S S S
Reptiles
Concho Water Snake Nerodia paucimaculata T F F F F F F F F F
Texas Horned Lizard Phrynosoma cornutum T S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Trans-Pecos Black-headed Snake Tantilla cucullata T S S S S
Texas Tortoise Gopherus berlandiere T S
Table 1.4-1 (Cont.)
Species of Special Concern in Region F
1-47
Species Status� County
Common Name Scientific Name Federal State
An
dre
ws
Bord
en
Bro
wn
Co
ke
Co
lem
an
Con
cho
Cra
ne
Cro
cket
t
Ect
or
Gla
ssco
ck
Ho
wa
rd
Irio
n
Kim
ble
Lo
vin
g
Mart
in
Ma
son
McC
ull
och
Men
ard
Mid
lan
d
Mit
chel
l
Pec
os
Rea
ga
n
Ree
ves
Ru
nn
els
Sch
leic
her
Scu
rry
Ste
rlin
g
Su
tton
Tom
Gre
en
Up
ton
Wa
rd
Win
kle
r
Flowering Plants ��Texas Poppy-mallow Callirhoe scabriuscula E E B B B
Texas Snowbells Styrax texanus E F
Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Ancistrocactus tobuschii E E B
Pecos/Puzzle Sunflower Helianthus paradoxus T T B B
Snails ��Pecos Assiminea Snail Assiminea pecos E E B B
*Status: Key: T - Threatened F - Federal listings only (US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2009. Ecological Services. Endangered Species List. http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/EndangeredSpecies/lists/ListSpecies.cfm) E - Endangered S - State listings only (Texas parks and Wildlife Department. 2009. Annotated County Lists of Rare Species. http://gis.tpwd.state.tx.us/TpwEndangeredSpecies/DesktopDefault.aspx)
B - Both Federal and State listings
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-4
8
extin
ction
. As d
efined
by
the statu
te, “fish an
d w
ildlife” ex
clud
es all inv
ertebrates, ex
cept
mo
llusk
s and
crustacean
s. No
perso
n m
ay cap
ture, trap
, take, o
r kill o
r attemp
t to cap
ture, trap
,
take, o
r kill listed
fish an
d w
ildlife sp
ecies with
out a p
ermit. P
lants are n
ot p
rotected
by
these
pro
visio
ns. E
nd
ang
ered, th
reatened
or p
rotected
plan
ts may
no
t be tak
en fro
m p
ub
lic land
for
com
mercial sale o
r taken
from
priv
ate land
for co
mm
ercial pu
rpo
ses with
ou
t a perm
it. Law
s and
regu
lation
s pertain
ing
to en
dan
gered
or th
reatened
anim
al species are co
ntain
ed in
Ch
apters 6
7
and
68
of th
e Tex
as Park
s and
Wild
life (TP
W) C
od
e and
Sectio
ns 6
5.1
71
- 65
.18
4 o
f Title 3
1 o
f
the T
exas A
dm
inistrativ
e Co
de (T
.A.C
.). Law
s and
regu
lation
s pertain
ing
to en
dan
gered
or
threaten
ed p
lant sp
ecies are con
tained
in C
hap
ter 88
of th
e TP
W C
od
e and
Sectio
ns 6
9.0
1 -
69
.14
of th
e T.A
.C.
Th
e Tex
as En
dan
gered
Sp
ecies Act d
oes n
ot p
rotect w
ildlife sp
ecies from
ind
irect take (e.g
.,
destru
ction
of h
abitat o
r un
favo
rable m
anag
emen
t practices). T
he T
PW
D h
as a Mem
oran
du
m o
f
Un
derstan
din
g w
ith ev
ery state ag
ency
to co
nd
uct a th
oro
ug
h en
viro
nm
ental rev
iew o
f state
initiated
and
fun
ded
pro
jects, such
as hig
hw
ays, reserv
oirs, lan
d acq
uisitio
n, an
d b
uild
ing
con
structio
n, to
determ
ine th
eir po
tential im
pact o
n state en
dan
gered
or th
reatened
species.
1.4
.2A
gricu
lture a
nd
Prim
e Fa
rmla
nd
Ag
ricultu
re play
s a sign
ificant ro
le the eco
no
my
of R
egio
n F
. Tab
le 1.4
-2 p
rov
ides b
asic
data reg
ardin
g ag
ricultu
ral pro
ductio
n in
Reg
ion F
18. R
egio
n F
inclu
des ap
pro
xim
ately
22
,30
0,0
00
acres in farm
s and
ov
er 2,8
00
,00
0 acres o
f crop
land
. In 2
00
7 th
e mark
et valu
e of
agricu
lture p
rod
ucts (cro
ps an
d liv
estock
) for R
egio
n F
was o
ver $
73
8,0
00
,00
0, w
ith liv
estock
and cro
ps each
accountin
g fo
r appro
xim
ately 5
0 p
ercent o
f the to
tal.
Fig
ure 1
.4-1
show
s the d
istributio
n o
f prim
e farmlan
d in
Reg
ion F
19.
Th
e Natio
nal R
esou
rces
Co
nserv
ation
Serv
ice (NR
CS
) defin
es prim
e farmlan
d as “lan
d th
at has th
e best co
mb
inatio
n o
f
ph
ysical an
d ch
emical ch
aracteristics for p
rod
ucin
g fo
od
, feed, fo
rage, fib
er, and
oilseed
crop
s
and
is also av
ailable fo
r these u
ses”. As p
art of th
e Natio
nal R
esources In
ven
tory
, the N
RC
S h
as
iden
tified p
rime farm
land
thro
ug
ho
ut th
e cou
ntry
. Each
colo
r in F
igu
re 1.4
-1 rep
resents th
e
percen
tage o
f the to
tal acreage th
at is con
sidered
prim
e farmlan
d o
f any
kin
d.
A n
um
ber o
f cou
nties in
Reg
ion
F h
ave sig
nifican
t prim
e farmlan
d acreag
e. Th
ose w
ith th
e
largest acreag
e inclu
de R
un
nels, G
lasscock
, Up
ton
, To
m G
reen, S
curry
, and
Reag
an C
ou
nties.
1-49
Table 1.4-2
2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture County Census Data for Region F
Category Andrews Borden Brown Coke Coleman Concho Crane Crockett
Farms 175 116 1,726 430 1,003 418 37 183
Land in Farms (acres)
- Crop Land 62,247 93,814 95,342 45,927 188,432 105,973 15,252 18,637
- Pasture Land (D) (D) 384,656 427,659 458,635 430,504 (D) 1,573,739
- Other (D) (D) 80,067 17,625 52,385 14,894 (D) 10,109
- Total 808,474 435,166 560,065 491,211 699,452 551,371 375,177 1,602,485
Market Value ($1,000)
- Crops $11,362 $8,038 $5,896 $605 $5,444 $10,212 $7 (D)
- Livestock $4,556 $5,196 $29,989 $13,034 $14,591 $10,980 $1,667 (D)
- Total $15,919 $13,233 $35,885 $13,639 $20,035 $21,192 $1,674 $13,636
Category Ector Glasscock Howard Irion Kimble Loving Martin Mason
Farms 301 185 519 156 639 9 464 647
Land in Farms (acres)
- Crop Land 6,993 126,695 227,974 7,500 35,921 (D) 275,982 57,098
- Pasture Land 416,233 343,089 279,802 612,144 544,997 (D) 175,589 431,562
- Other 693 10,001 15,015 4,982 39,043 (D) 6,419 47,742
- Total 423,919 479,785 522,791 624,626 619,961 426,792 457,990 536,402
Market Value ($1,000)
Crops $979 $44,099 $33,274 $705 $1,346 - $51,231 $1,837
Livestock $2,580 $2,158 $7,578 $5,373 $7,086 $497 $1,669 $46,206
Total $3,559 $46,258 $40,853 $6,078 $8,432 $497 $52,900 $48,044
1-50
Table 1.4-2 (Cont’d)
2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture County Census Data for Region F
Category McCulloch Menard Midland Mitchell Pecos Reagan Reeves Runnels
Farms 694 356 601 519 287 137 221 953
Land in Farms (acres)
- Crop Land 108,473 22,731 90,046 163,760 101,383 57,947 136,698 264,780
- Pasture Land 473,422 450,964 353,336 398,577 2,778,691 590,941 890,289 355,293
- Other 30,732 17,598 13,251 12,658 27,891 34,926 13,357 36,131
- Total 612,627 491,293 456,633 574,995 2,907,965 683,814 1,040,344 656,204
Market Value ($1,000)
Crops $5,541 $611 $11,962 $17,400 $11,763 $12,393 $4,275 $30,814
Livestock $12,559 $7,319 $3,436 $9,884 $15,781 $4,078 $12,904 $23,026
Total $18,100 $7,930 $15,398 $27,284 $27,545 $16,471 $17,179 $53,840
Category Schleicher Scurry Sterling Sutton Tom Green Upton Ward Winkler Total
Farms 332 681 74 234 1180 110 119 53 13,559
Land in Farms (acres)
- Crop Land 49,920 214,315 9,524 21,603 227,958 31,974 22,899 (D) 2,887,798
- Pasture Land 739,448 280,910 567,156 851,160 670,856 600,924 408,676 (D) 16,489,252
- Other 11,228 24,325 1,636 21,752 24,695 1,618 1,345 (D) 572,118
- Total 800,596 519,550 578,316 894,515 923,509 634,516 432,920 532,883 22,356,347
Market Value ($1,000)
Crops $3,270 $28,211 (D) $333 $49,986 $6,231 $479 (D) 358,304
Livestock $10,336 $15,223 (D) $9,280 $83,005 $2,342 $1,050 (D) 363,383
Total $13,606 $43,434 (D) $9,613 $132,990 $8,573 $1,529 $3,262 738,588
NOTES: (D) – Data withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual farms. Total Market Value amounts include value of crops and livestock listed as (D) (data withheld). Data are from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2007).
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
2
Th
ese six co
un
ties accoun
ted fo
r abou
t 17
percen
t of th
e total lan
d in
farms an
d 4
1 p
ercent o
f
the to
tal crop
valu
e for R
egio
n F
in 2
00
7.
It is interestin
g to
no
te that m
ajor ag
ricultu
ral pro
du
ction
also o
ccurs in
som
e cou
nties w
ith a
relatively
small am
ou
nt o
f prim
e farmlan
d. F
or ex
amp
le, An
drew
s, Martin
, Peco
s, and
Reev
es
Co
un
ties hav
e 10
percen
t or less acreag
e iden
tified as p
rime farm
land
. Ho
wev
er, these fo
ur
cou
nties co
mb
ined
accou
nted
for ap
pro
xim
ately 2
3 p
ercent o
f the to
tal land
in farm
s and
15
percen
t of th
e crop
valu
e for th
e regio
n in
20
07
.
Sh
rimp
farmin
g is a relativ
ely n
ew b
usin
ess in W
est Tex
as. In 2
00
8, 4
acres of p
on
ds are
located
in P
ecos C
ou
nty
. Becau
se the w
ater used
in th
is ind
ustry
has a T
DS
rang
e of 3
,00
0 to
20
,00
0 p
arts per m
illion
, it is not in
direct co
mp
etition
with
mo
st oth
er uses.
1.4
.3M
inera
l Reso
urces
Oil an
d n
atural g
as fields are sig
nifican
t natu
ral resou
rces thro
ug
ho
ut R
egio
n F
. Elev
en o
f
the to
p-p
rod
ucin
g o
il fields an
d sev
en o
f the to
p-p
rod
ucin
g g
as fields are lo
cated in
Reg
ion
F2
0.
Oth
er sign
ificant m
ineral reso
urces in
Reg
ion
F in
clud
e lign
ite resou
rces in B
row
n an
d C
olem
an
Co
un
ties, and
ston
e, sand
and
grav
el in v
ariou
s parts o
f the reg
ion
.
1.5
Wa
ter Pro
vid
ers in R
egio
n F
Water p
rovid
ers in R
egio
n F
inclu
de reg
ional p
rovid
ers and retail su
ppliers. R
egio
nal w
ater
pro
vid
ers inclu
de riv
er auth
orities an
d w
ater districts.
Retail w
ater sup
pliers in
clud
e cities and
tow
ns, w
ater sup
ply
corp
oratio
ns, sp
ecial utility
districts, an
d p
rivate w
ater com
pan
ies.
1.5
.1W
ho
lesale W
ater P
rov
iders
Th
e TW
DB
defin
ed th
e term w
ho
lesale water p
rov
ider (W
WP
) as “any
perso
n o
r entity
,
inclu
din
g riv
er auth
orities an
d irrig
ation d
istricts, that h
as contracts to
sell more th
an 1
,000 acre-
feet of w
ater wh
olesale in
any
on
e year d
urin
g th
e five y
ears imm
ediately
preced
ing
the ad
op
tion
of th
e last Reg
ion
al Water P
lan. T
he P
lann
ing
Gro
up
s shall in
clud
e as who
lesale water p
rov
iders
oth
er perso
ns an
d en
tities that en
ter or th
at the P
lann
ing
Gro
up
exp
ects to en
ter con
tracts to sell
more th
an 1
,000 acre-feet o
f water w
holesale d
urin
g th
e perio
d co
vered
by th
e plan
.”2
1 Reg
ion F
has id
entified
seven
entities th
at qu
alify as w
ho
lesale water p
rov
iders:
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
3
�C
olo
rado
Riv
er Mu
nicip
al Water D
istrict
�B
row
n C
ou
nty
Water Im
pro
vem
ent D
istrict Nu
mb
er On
e
�U
pper C
olo
rado R
iver A
uth
ority
�G
reat Plain
s Water S
ystem
, Inc.
�C
ity o
f Od
essa
�C
ity o
f San
Angelo
�U
niv
ersity L
and
s
Th
ere are no
imp
lication
s of d
esign
ation
as a “who
lesale water p
rov
ider” ex
cept fo
r the
add
ition
al data req
uired
by
TW
DB
. Th
e wh
olesale w
ater pro
vid
er desig
natio
n p
rov
ides a
differen
t way
of g
rou
pin
g w
ater sup
ply
info
rmatio
n.
Colorado River M
unicipal Water D
istrict (CRM
WD
). CR
MW
D is th
e largest w
ater sup
plier
in R
egio
n F
. CR
MW
D m
emb
er cities inclu
de B
ig S
prin
g, O
dessa an
d S
ny
der. C
RM
WD
also
sup
plies w
ater to M
idlan
d, S
an A
ng
elo an
d A
bilen
e, as well as sev
eral smaller cities in
Ward
,
Martin
, Ho
ward
and
Co
ke C
ou
nties. C
RM
WD
ow
ns an
d o
perates L
ake J.B
. Th
om
as, E.V
.
Sp
ence R
eservo
ir, and
O.H
. Ivie R
eservo
ir, as well as sev
eral chlo
ride co
ntro
l reservo
irs. Th
e
district’s w
ater sup
ply
system
also in
clud
es well field
s in W
ard, S
curry
, Ecto
r and
Martin
Counties. T
able 1
.5-1
is a list of fiscal y
ear 2006 sales b
y th
e CR
MW
D, w
hich
totaled
78,0
69
acre-feet.
Brown C
ounty Water Im
provement D
istrict Num
ber One (BC
WID
). Th
e 20
06
sales by
the
BC
WID
totaled
13
,23
0 acre-feet an
d are listed
in T
able 1
.5-2
. BC
WID
sup
plies raw
water an
d
treated w
ater from
Lak
e Bro
wn
wo
od
to th
e Cities o
f Bro
wn
wo
od
, Early
, Ban
gs an
d S
anta A
nn
a,
and
rural areas o
f Bro
wn
and
Co
leman
Co
un
ties, as well as irrig
ation
water in
Bro
wn
Co
un
ty.
Upper C
olorado River Authority (UC
RA). Th
e UC
RA
is the o
wn
er of w
ater righ
ts in O
.C.
Fish
er Reserv
oir in
To
m G
reen C
ou
nty
and
Mo
un
tain C
reek L
ake in
Co
ke C
ou
nty
. O.C
. Fish
er
sup
plies are u
sed b
y th
e Cities o
f San
An
gelo
and
Miles. T
he C
ity o
f Ro
bert L
ee uses w
ater
from
Mo
un
tain C
reek L
ake. T
able 1
.5-3
is a list of y
ear 20
06
div
ersion
s from
UC
RA
sou
rces,
which
totaled
2,2
54 acre-feet.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
4
Ta
ble 1
.5-1
Fisca
l Yea
r 20
06
Sa
les by
the C
olo
rad
o R
iver M
un
icipa
l Wa
ter District
(Valu
es in A
cre-Feet p
er Year)
Cu
stom
erT
ota
l Water S
ales
Od
essa22,0
28
Big
Sprin
g
6,8
62
Sn
yd
er2,3
26
Mid
land
24,3
82
Stan
ton
285
San
An
gelo
14,9
92
Robert L
ee 178
Gran
dfalls
169
Py
ote/W
est Tx
State
Sch
oo
l151
Ballin
ger
0
MD
WS
C
339
West C
entral T
exas M
WD
4,2
58
No
n-M
un
icipal C
usto
mers
2,0
99
Total78,069
Data are fro
m th
e Co
lorad
o R
iver M
unicip
al Water D
istrict 22
Ta
ble 1
.5-2
20
06
Sa
les by
the B
row
n C
ou
nty
Wa
ter Imp
rov
emen
t District N
um
ber O
ne
(Valu
es in A
cre-Feet)
Cu
stom
er 2
00
6 T
ota
l
Wa
ter Sa
les
Ban
gs
330
Early
1,0
40
Bro
wn
wo
od
4,5
25
Bro
ok
smith
WS
C
1,1
00
San
ta An
na
Thunderb
ird B
ay
90
Oth
er1,6
87
Irrigatio
n
4,4
58
Total13,2
30
a D
ata are from
the B
row
n C
ounty
Water Im
pro
vem
ent D
istrict No. 1
23
San
ta An
na S
erved
by
Bro
ok
esmith
WS
C
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
5
Ta
ble 1
.5-3
20
06
Div
ersion
s from
Up
per C
olo
rad
o R
iver A
uth
ority
So
urces
(Valu
es in A
cre-Feet p
er Year)
Cu
stom
er 2
00
6 D
iversio
ns
San
An
gelo
0
Miles*
90
Ro
bert L
ee 4
0
Total 1
30
Data are fro
m U
CR
A. 2
4
Great Plains W
ater System, Inc.
Th
e Great P
lains W
ater Sy
stem w
as initially
dev
elop
ed to
pro
vid
e water to
oil field
op
eration
s in th
e Perm
ian B
asin. T
he S
ystem
’s sou
rce of w
ater is the
Ogallala aq
uifer in
Andrew
s County
in R
egio
n F
and G
aines C
ounty
in R
egio
n O
. The
Sy
stem’s larg
est custo
mer is th
e recently
establish
ed steam
electric op
eration
in E
ctor C
ou
nty
.
Th
e 20
10
pro
jected d
eman
d fo
r steam electric o
peratio
n in
Ecto
r Co
un
ty is 6
,37
5 acre-feet,
increasin
g to
17
,63
7 acre-feet b
y 2
06
0. G
reat Plain
s has co
ntracts to
sup
ply
6,0
96
acre-feet per
year T
he S
ystem
also p
rov
ides w
ater to th
e City
of G
old
smith
(64
acre-feet in 2
00
6).
City of O
dessa. T
he C
ity o
f Od
essa is a CR
MW
D m
ember city
. Th
e City
of O
dessa sells
treated w
ater to th
e Ecto
r Co
un
ty U
tility D
istrict and
the O
dessa C
ou
nty
Clu
b. In
the y
ear 20
06
,
Odessa p
urch
ased 2
2,0
28 acre-feet fro
m C
RM
WD
.
City of San Angelo
. The C
ity o
f San
Angelo
’s sources o
f supply
are Lak
e O.C
. Fish
er
(pu
rchased
from
Up
per C
olo
rado
Riv
er Au
tho
rity), T
win
Bu
ttes Reserv
oir, L
ake N
aswo
rthy
,
local su
rface water rig
hts, O
.H. Iv
ie Reserv
oir (p
urch
ased fro
m C
RM
WD
), and
E.V
. Sp
ence
Reserv
oir (p
urch
ased fro
m C
RM
WD
). San
An
gelo
sup
plies w
ater to th
e po
wer p
lant lo
cated o
n
Lak
e Nasw
orth
y. S
an A
ng
elo also
treats and
deliv
ers O.C
. Fish
er water to
the C
ity o
f Miles.
University Lands. U
niv
ersity L
and
s man
ages p
rop
erty o
wn
ed b
y th
e Un
iversity
of T
exas
Sy
stem in
West T
exas. A
ltho
ug
h U
niv
ersity L
and
s do
es no
t actively
pro
vid
e water, sev
eral
majo
r water w
ell fields are lo
cated o
n p
rop
erty leased
by
Un
iversity
Lan
ds, in
clud
ing
fields
operated
by C
RM
WD
, the C
ity o
f Mid
land an
d th
e City
of A
ndrew
s.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
6
1.5
.2R
etail W
ater S
ales
Cities an
d to
wn
s pro
vid
e most o
f the retail w
ater service in
Reg
ion
F, an
d so
me cities also
serve as retail w
ater pro
vid
ers to co
nn
ection
s ou
tside o
f their city
limits o
r as wh
olesale w
ater
sup
pliers b
y sellin
g treated
water to
oth
er water su
pp
liers. Tab
le 1.5
-4 lists th
e cities in R
egio
n F
that h
ad o
utsid
e sales in 2
00
6.
Ta
ble 1
.5-4
Water S
up
plied
by S
elected C
ities in R
egio
n F
Su
pp
lier C
ou
nty
Yea
r 2006 S
ales in
Acre-F
eet
Mu
nicip
al
Sa
les with
in
City
Ou
tside
Sales
To
tal
Odessa
Ecto
r 20,6
39
704
21,3
43
San
An
gelo
T
om
Green
1
4,6
82
2,1
16
16
,79
8
Big
Sprin
g
How
ard
4,4
09
903
5,3
12
Bro
wnw
ood
Bro
wn
3,8
85
415
4,3
00
Sn
yd
er S
curry
1
,89
85
26
2,4
24
Peco
s R
eeves
2,6
08
28
22
,89
0
Andrew
s A
ndrew
s 2,5
23
352
2,8
75
Co
leman
C
olem
an
1,1
26
61
81
,74
4
Co
lorad
o C
ity M
itchell
82
32
51
1,0
74
Cran
e C
rane
93
72
79
64
Ballin
ger
Ru
nn
els 4
94
18
36
77
Early
B
row
n
67
83
68
1,0
46
Win
ters R
un
nels
45
79
46
6
Balm
orh
ea R
eeves
52
29
81
Data are fro
m th
e TW
DB
wugsu
mm
file 9
1.6
Ex
isting
Pla
ns fo
r Wa
ter Su
pp
ly D
evelo
pm
ent
Prio
r to S
B1 reg
ion
al water p
lans an
d w
ater availab
ility m
od
els, the m
ost co
mp
rehen
sive
stud
y o
f water av
ailability
in th
e basin
was p
ublish
ed in
19
78
by
the T
exas D
epartm
ent o
f Water
Reso
urces (T
DW
R). T
his stu
dy
, titled Present and Future W
ater Availability in the Colorado
River Basin, Texas, Report LP-60, w
as a detailed
analy
sis of w
ater availab
ility an
d n
eeds fo
r the
years 1
98
0 an
d 2
03
02
5. Acco
rdin
g to
this rep
ort, in
19
80
there w
ou
ld b
e sufficien
t sup
plies in
the b
asin to
meet d
eman
ds. B
y 2
03
0, th
ere wo
uld
on
ly b
e min
or sh
ortag
es in th
e up
per b
asin
pro
vid
ed th
at Ivie R
eservo
ir was co
nstru
cted.
In th
e same p
eriod
the m
idd
le and
low
er basin
s
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
7
cou
ld ex
perien
ce sign
ificant sh
ortag
es. Th
e repo
rt recom
men
ded
the co
nstru
ction
of n
ew
reservo
irs to m
eet need
s in th
e low
er basin
.
In 2
00
7, th
e Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
released th
e State W
ater Plan
, Water for Texas
– 2007, w
hich
was a co
mp
ilation
of th
e 16
regio
nal w
ater plan
s dev
elop
ed u
nd
er SB
12
6. Th
e
Reg
ion
F W
ater Plan
nin
g G
rou
p p
ub
lished
the Region F Regional W
ater Plan in
Janu
ary 2
00
6.
So
me o
f the fin
din
gs o
f the 2
00
6 R
egio
n F
plan
inclu
ded
:
�A
pp
rox
imately
60
water u
ser gro
up
s had
pro
jected w
ater sho
rtages o
ver th
e plan
nin
g
perio
d (th
rou
gh
20
60
). Man
y o
f these sh
ortag
es were asso
ciated w
ith W
AM
prio
rity
analy
sis of su
rface water su
pp
lies. Water m
anag
emen
t strategies w
ere dev
elop
ed to
ad
dress th
ese need
s.
�S
ixteen
cou
nties h
ad a co
llective irrig
ation
need
of o
ver 1
67
,00
0 acre-feet p
er year. N
o
water su
pp
ly is read
ily av
ailable to
meet th
is need
. Ad
van
ced w
ater con
servatio
n
irrigatio
n tech
no
log
ies were reco
mm
end
ed to
redu
ce the irrig
ation
dem
and
s. Th
is strateg
y w
ou
ld sig
nifican
tly red
uce th
e dem
and
s and
elimin
ate pro
jected sh
ortag
es in
several co
un
ties. Ho
wev
er, som
e cou
nties in
Reg
ion
F still h
ad sig
nifican
t irrigatio
n
water n
eeds.
�M
ajor m
un
icipal n
eeds o
ccur w
ith w
ater user g
rou
ps th
at rely o
n th
e Hick
ory
aqu
ifer. N
eeds are th
e result o
f water q
uality
stand
ards fo
r radio
nu
clides im
po
sed b
y U
SE
PA
and
T
CE
Q. F
ou
r water m
anag
emen
t strategies w
ere dev
elop
ed fo
r the u
sers of H
icko
ry
aqu
ifer:
oB
rady
Creek
Reserv
oir w
ater treatmen
t plan
t
oL
ake Iv
ie water treatm
ent p
lant
oN
ew E
llenberg
er well field
oN
ew H
icko
ry w
ell field (in
area with
low
radio
nuclid
es)
oA
dv
anced
Treatm
ent (R
everse O
smo
sis)
�G
eneral w
ater man
agem
ent strateg
ies recom
men
ded
in th
e plan
inclu
ded
: sub
ord
inatio
n,
water co
nserv
ation
and
dro
ug
ht resp
on
se, bru
sh co
ntro
l, weath
er mo
dificatio
n,
wastew
ater reuse, rech
arge en
han
cemen
t, and d
esalinatio
n an
d ch
lorid
e contro
l.
Th
e City
of S
an A
ng
elo co
mp
leted th
eir Long-Range Water Supply Plan
in N
ovem
ber o
f
2000
27. M
ajor reco
mm
end
ation
s from
the p
lan in
clud
e:
�Im
prove delivery system from
Fisher, Ivie and Spence. At th
at time, th
e City
was u
nab
le to
receive w
ater from
bo
th L
ake S
pen
ce and
Lak
e Ivie co
ncu
rrently
and
was lim
ited to
a m
axim
um
deliv
ery cap
acity o
f 18
mg
d. T
he p
rop
osed
imp
rov
emen
ts inclu
ded
a parallel
pip
eline an
d a n
ew p
um
p statio
n, in
creasing
the d
elivery
capacity
to 5
0 m
gd
. Th
e new
p
ipelin
e has b
een co
nstru
cted.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
8
�Increase w
ater treatment capacity. T
he C
ity’s w
ater treatmen
t plan
t shou
ld h
ave
adeq
uate cap
acity th
rou
gh
abo
ut 2
03
1. E
xp
ansio
n m
ay b
e delay
ed b
y u
sing
water fro
m
the M
cCu
lloch
Co
un
ty W
ell Field
even
du
ring
times w
hen
the lo
cal reservo
irs are full
(Gro
un
dw
ater from
McC
ullo
ch C
ou
nty
do
es no
t requ
ire the lev
el of treatm
ent as su
rface w
ater supplies).
�Pursue trade of treated effluent for irrigation supplies. T
he C
ity can
gain
add
ition
al su
pp
ly an
d red
uce p
um
pin
g co
sts by
tradin
g irrig
ation
sup
ply
from
Tw
in B
uttes an
d
Nasw
orth
y fo
r treated efflu
ent fro
m th
e City
’s wastew
ater plan
t. Efflu
ent is av
ailable
even
du
ring
dro
ug
hts an
d in
creases ov
er time as m
un
icipal d
eman
ds in
crease. To
im
plem
ent th
is op
tion, ad
ditio
nal w
astewater sto
rage p
on
ds w
ill be n
eeded
. Co
nstru
ction
is reco
mm
end
ed in
the y
ears 20
02
, 20
15
and
20
32
at a cost o
f $7
millio
n p
er po
nd
or
expan
sion.
�Add the M
cCulloch C
ounty well field to the system
. Tw
o o
ptio
ns w
ere consid
ered to
brin
g M
cCullo
ch C
ounty
water to
the C
ity:
oC
onstru
cting a p
ipelin
e directly
from
the w
ell field to
San
Angelo
or
oC
on
structin
g a p
ipelin
e to Iv
ie Reserv
oir an
d u
sing
CR
MW
D facilities to
tran
sport th
e water th
e remain
ing
distan
ce (San
An
gelo
already
has su
ch a rig
ht
by
its con
tract with
CR
MW
D to
do
so u
nd
er specific circu
mstan
ces).
Alth
ou
gh
the cap
ital costs o
f the Iv
ie op
tion
are mu
ch lo
wer, th
e direct o
ptio
n w
as
recom
men
ded
becau
se:
�T
he o
peratio
nal sav
ing
s of th
e direct p
ipelin
e offset m
ost o
f the in
creased cap
ital costs,
and
�T
he Iv
ie op
tion
imp
acts oth
er users o
f the C
RM
WD
system
by
add
ing
radio
nu
clides to
th
e Ivie p
ipelin
e.
Th
e City
of S
an A
ng
elo is cu
rrently
stud
yin
g sev
eral water su
pp
ly o
ptio
ns, in
clud
ing
desalin
ation
of b
rackish
gro
un
dw
ater, reuse, altern
ative so
urces o
f gro
un
dw
ater and
oth
er
op
tion
s. Iden
tified g
oals fo
r the city
inclu
de:
�D
evelo
pm
ent o
f gro
un
dw
ater resou
rces in th
e Ed
ward
s-Trin
ity so
uth
of S
an A
ng
elo,
�A
cqu
isition
of ad
ditio
nal su
rface water rig
hts in
the C
on
cho
watersh
ed, an
d
�C
on
tinu
ation
bru
sh co
ntro
l efforts o
n O
.C. F
isher R
eservo
ir and
Tw
in B
uttes R
eservo
ir.
1.6
.1C
on
servatio
n P
lan
nin
g in
Reg
ion
F
Th
e Tex
as Water C
od
e requ
ires that certain
entities d
evelo
p, su
bm
it, and
imp
lemen
t a water
con
servatio
n p
lan (T
exas W
ater Co
de §
11
.12
71
). Th
ose en
tities inclu
de h
old
ers of an
existin
g
perm
it, certified filin
g, o
r certificate of ad
jud
ication
for th
e app
rop
riation
of su
rface water in
the
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-5
9
amo
un
t of 1
,00
0 acre-feet p
er year o
r mo
re for m
un
icipal, in
du
strial, and
oth
er uses, as w
ell as
10
,00
0 acre-feet p
er year o
r mo
re for irrig
ation
uses. T
hese p
lans m
ust b
e con
sistent w
ith th
e
app
rop
riate app
rov
ed reg
ion
al water p
lan(s). W
ater con
servatio
n p
lans m
ust in
clud
e specific,
qu
antified
5-y
ear and
10
-year targ
ets for w
ater savin
gs. G
oals m
ust b
e set for w
ater loss
pro
gram
s and
for m
un
icipal p
er capita w
ater use. In
20
07
, § 1
3.1
46
of th
e Tex
as Water C
od
e was
amen
ded
requ
iring
retail pu
blic su
pp
liers with
mo
re than
3,3
00
con
nectio
ns to
sub
mit a w
ater
conserv
ation p
lan b
y M
ay 1
, 2009 to
the T
WD
B
Man
y en
tities arou
nd
the state h
ave alread
y d
evelo
ped
con
servatio
n p
lans an
d/o
r dro
ug
ht
con
ting
ency
plan
s. Th
ese plan
s hav
e imp
rov
ed th
e awaren
ess of th
e need
for w
ater conserv
ation
in T
exas. In
its pro
jection
s of w
ater use th
e Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
has assu
med
redu
ction
s in p
er capita m
un
icipal u
se du
e to th
e imp
lemen
tation
of th
e plu
mb
ing
cod
e requ
iring
the u
se of lo
w flo
w p
lum
bin
g fix
tures in
all new
dev
elop
men
t and
reno
vatio
n.
Man
y cities in
Reg
ion
F h
ave co
mp
iled w
ater conserv
ation
plan
s to en
sure th
at they
will b
e
able to
meet th
e futu
re water d
eman
ds o
f their co
nstitu
ents. W
ater con
servatio
n ed
ucatio
n is
stressed in
mo
st cities. Th
ese cities plan
to p
rov
ide ed
ucatio
nal b
roch
ures to
new
and
existin
g
custo
mers. O
ther m
easures to
conserv
e water in
clud
e retrofit p
rog
rams, leak
detectio
n an
d
repair, recy
cling o
f wastew
ater, water co
nserv
ation lan
dscap
ing, an
d ad
optio
n o
f the p
lum
bin
g
cod
e. As p
art this p
lan, m
od
el water co
nserv
ation
plan
s are inclu
ded
in A
pp
end
ix 6
A. T
hese
models can
serve as tem
plates fo
r entities to
dev
elop o
r update th
eir water co
nserv
ation p
lan.
1.6
.2A
ssessmen
t of C
urren
t Prep
ara
tion
s for D
rou
gh
t in R
egio
n F
Dro
ught is a fact o
f life in R
egio
n F
. Perio
ds o
f low
rainfall are freq
uen
t and can
exten
d fo
r a
lon
g p
eriod
of tim
e. Mo
st of th
e area has b
een in
dro
ug
ht-o
f-record
con
ditio
ns sin
ce the m
id
19
90
s. Man
y R
egio
n F
water su
pp
liers hav
e already
mad
e or are cu
rrently
mak
ing
imp
rov
emen
ts to in
crease their cap
acity to
deliv
er raw an
d treated
water u
nd
er dro
ug
ht
con
ditio
ns. S
om
e smaller su
pp
liers in R
egio
n F
hav
e faced a sh
ortag
e of su
pp
lies with
in th
e last
few y
ears and
hav
e had
to restrict w
ater use
28.
Th
e Tex
as Water C
od
e requ
ires that w
ho
lesale and
retail pu
blic w
ater sup
pliers an
d irrig
ation
districts d
evelo
p d
rou
gh
t con
ting
ency
plan
s (Tex
as Water C
od
e § 1
1.1
27
2). T
hese p
lans m
ust
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
0
also b
e con
sistent w
ith th
e app
rop
riate app
rov
ed reg
ion
al water p
lan(s). In
add
ition
, all dro
ug
ht
con
ting
ency
plan
s mu
st inclu
de sp
ecific, qu
antified
targets fo
r water u
se redu
ction
s to b
e
achiev
ed d
urin
g p
eriod
s of w
ater sho
rtages an
d d
rou
gh
t.
Mo
st of th
e con
servatio
n p
lans th
at hav
e been
dev
elop
ed in
respo
nse to
state requ
iremen
ts
also in
clud
e a dro
ug
ht co
ntin
gen
cy p
lan. T
he p
urp
ose o
f the d
rou
gh
t con
ting
ency
plan
is to
add
ress circum
stances th
at cou
ld affect a w
ater sup
plier’s ab
ility to
sup
ply
water to
the cu
stom
er
du
e to tran
smissio
n lin
e failures, w
ater treatmen
t plan
t failures, p
rolo
ng
ed em
ergen
cy d
eman
d, o
r
acts of G
od
. Th
e dro
ug
ht co
ntin
gen
cy p
lans fo
r each area h
ave estab
lished
trigger co
nd
ition
s
that in
dicate w
hen
to tak
e dem
and
man
agem
ent m
easures. T
hese trig
ger co
nd
ition
s rang
e from
mild
to em
ergen
cy. M
od
el dro
ug
ht co
ntin
gen
cy p
lans are in
clud
ed in
Ap
pen
dix
6B
. Th
ese
models can
serve as tem
plates fo
r entities to
dev
elop o
r update th
eir dro
ught co
ntin
gen
cy p
lan.
1.6
.3O
ther W
ater-R
elated
Pro
gra
ms
In ad
ditio
n to
the S
B1
regio
nal p
lann
ing
efforts, th
ere are a nu
mb
er of o
ther sig
nifican
t
water-related
pro
gram
s that affect w
ater sup
ply
in R
egio
n F
. Perh
aps th
e mo
st sign
ificant are
Tex
as Co
mm
ission
on
En
viro
nm
ental Q
uality
’s water rig
hts p
ermittin
g, th
e Clean
Riv
ers
Pro
gram
, the C
lean W
ater Act, th
e Safe D
rink
ing W
ater Act, th
e Tex
as Bru
sh C
on
trol P
lan, an
d
precip
itation
enh
ancem
ent p
rog
rams.
Texas Com
mission on Environm
ental Quality (TC
EQ) W
ater Rights Permitting. W
ater in
Tex
as is a pu
blic reso
urce, an
d th
e TC
EQ
is emp
ow
ered to
gran
t water rig
hts th
at allow
ben
eficial use o
f that reso
urce. A
ny
majo
r new
surface w
ater sup
ply
sou
rce will req
uire a w
ater
righ
t perm
it. In recen
t years, T
CE
Q h
as increased
its scrutin
y o
f the en
viro
nm
ental im
pacts o
f
water su
pp
ly p
rojects, an
d p
ermittin
g h
as beco
me m
ore d
ifficult an
d co
mp
lex. A
mo
ng
its man
y
oth
er pro
visio
ns, S
B1
set ou
t form
al criteria for th
e perm
itting
of in
terbasin
transfers fo
r water
supply
.
Clean Rivers Program
. Th
e Tex
as Clean
Riv
ers Pro
gram
(CR
P) is a state-fee fu
nd
ed w
ater
qu
ality m
on
itorin
g, assessm
ent, an
d p
ub
lic ou
treach p
rog
ram. T
he C
RP
is a collab
oratio
n o
f 15
partn
er agen
cies and
the T
CE
Q. T
he C
RP
pro
vid
es the o
pp
ortu
nity
to ap
pro
ach w
ater qu
ality
issues w
ithin
a watersh
ed o
r river b
asin at th
e local an
d reg
ion
al level th
rou
gh
coo
rdin
ated
efforts am
on
g d
iverse o
rgan
ization
s. In R
egio
n F
, the p
rog
ram is carried
ou
t by
the L
ow
er
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
1
Co
lorad
o R
iver A
uth
ority
, with
assistance fro
m C
RM
WD
and
UC
RA
, in th
e Co
lorad
o B
asin,
and
by
the In
ternatio
nal B
ou
nd
ary an
d W
ater Co
mm
ission
in th
e Rio
Gran
de B
asin2
9.
Clean W
ater Act. Th
e Clean
Water A
ct is a federal law
desig
ned
to p
rotect w
ater qu
ality.
Th
e Act d
oes n
ot d
irectly ad
dress g
rou
nd
water n
or w
ater quan
tity issu
es. Th
e statute em
plo
ys a
variety
of reg
ulato
ry an
d n
on
-regu
latory
too
ls to sh
arply
redu
ce direct p
ollu
tant d
ischarg
es into
waterw
ays, fin
ance m
un
icipal w
astewater treatm
ent facilities, an
d m
anag
e po
lluted
run
off.
Th
ese too
ls are emp
loy
ed to
achiev
e the b
road
er go
al of resto
ring
and
main
tainin
g th
e chem
ical,
ph
ysical, an
d b
iolo
gical in
tegrity
of th
e natio
n’s w
aters so th
at they
can su
pp
ort “th
e pro
tection
and
pro
pag
ation
of fish
, shellfish
, and
wild
life and
recreation
in an
d o
n th
e water.” 3
0
Th
e parts o
f the act w
hich
hav
e the g
reatest imp
act on
water su
pp
lies are the N
PD
ES
perm
itting
pro
cess, wh
ich affects w
ater qu
ality, an
d th
e Sectio
n 4
04
perm
itting
pro
cess for
dred
gin
g an
d fillin
g in
the w
aters of th
e Un
ited S
tates, wh
ich affects reserv
oir co
nstru
ction
. In
Tex
as, the state o
versees th
e NP
DE
S p
ermittin
g sy
stem, w
hich
sets the o
peratin
g req
uirem
ents
for w
astewater treatm
ent p
lants. T
he S
ection
40
4 p
ermittin
g p
rocess is facilitated
by
the C
orp
s
of E
ng
ineers an
d is an
imp
ortan
t step in
the d
evelo
pm
ent o
f a new
reservo
ir.
Th
e TC
EQ
adm
inisters a T
otal M
axim
um
Daily
Lo
ad (T
MD
L) P
rog
ram fo
r surface w
ater
bo
dies in
the state o
f Tex
as. TM
DL
pro
gram
s are a result o
f the C
lean W
ater Act. In
this
pro
gram
, water q
uality
analy
ses are perfo
rmed
for w
ater bo
dies to
determ
ine th
e max
imu
m lo
ad
of p
ollu
tants th
e water b
od
y can
han
dle an
d still su
pp
ort its d
esign
ated u
ses. Th
e load
is then
allocated
to p
oten
tial sou
rces of p
ollu
tion
in th
e watersh
ed an
d im
plem
entatio
n p
lans are
dev
elop
ed w
hich
con
tain m
easures to
redu
ce the p
ollu
tant lo
ads. T
he Im
plem
entatio
n P
lan fo
r
Su
lfate and
To
tal Disso
lved
So
lids (T
DS
) TM
DL
s in th
e E.V
. Sp
ence R
eservo
ir (Seg
men
t 14
11
)
was estab
lished
in A
ug
ust 2
00
1. T
he T
CE
Q h
as com
pleted
analy
zing
the C
olo
rado
Riv
er belo
w
E.V
. Sp
ence R
eservo
ir (Seg
men
t 14
26
) for ch
lorid
e, sulfate, an
d T
DS
con
centratio
ns.
Ad
ditio
nal in
form
ation
may
be fo
un
d in
Sectio
n 1
.7.
Safe Drinking W
ater Act. Th
e Safe D
rink
ing
Water A
ct (SD
WA
) was o
rigin
ally p
assed b
y
Co
ng
ress to p
rotect p
ub
lic health
by
regu
lating
the n
ation
’s pu
blic d
ink
ing
water su
pp
ly. T
he
law req
uires m
any
action
s to p
rotect d
rink
ing
water an
d its so
urces –
rivers, lak
es, reservo
irs,
sprin
gs, an
d g
rou
nd
water w
ells. To
ensu
re that d
rink
ing
water is safe, S
DW
A sets u
p m
ultip
le
barriers ag
ainst p
ollu
tion
inclu
din
g so
urce w
ater pro
tection
, treatmen
t, distrib
utio
n sy
stem
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
2
integ
rity, an
d p
ub
lic info
rmatio
n3
1. So
me o
f the in
itiatives th
at will m
ost lik
ely h
ave sig
nifican
t
imp
acts in R
egio
n F
are the red
uctio
n in
allow
able lev
els of trih
alom
ethan
es in treated
water, th
e
requ
iremen
t for red
uctio
n o
f total o
rgan
ic carbo
n lev
els in raw
water, an
d th
e redu
ction
in th
e
allow
able lev
el of arsen
ic and
radio
nu
clides in
drin
kin
g w
ater.Th
e allow
able lim
it on
arsenic h
as
been
redu
ced fro
m 5
0 m
icrog
rams p
er liter to 1
0 m
icrog
rams p
er liter.
Texas Brush Control Plan
.T
he T
exas B
rush
Co
ntro
l Plan
was d
evelo
ped
pu
rsuan
t to
Ch
apter 2
03
of th
e Tex
as Ag
ricultu
ral Co
de. T
here are sev
en B
rush
Co
ntro
l Pro
jects curren
tly
underw
ay in
Reg
ion F
, inclu
din
g th
e O.C
. Fish
er Pro
ject, Tw
in B
uttes R
eservoir/L
ake
Nasw
orth
y B
rush
Co
ntro
l Pro
jects, and
the L
ake B
row
nw
oo
d P
roject. T
hese p
rojects are
discu
ssed fu
rther in
Ch
apter 4
. In th
ese pro
gram
s, cost sh
are fun
ds are ad
min
istered at th
e local
level b
y so
il and
water co
nserv
ation
districts b
ased o
n allo
cation
s mad
e by
the S
tate Bo
ard.
Acreag
es of lan
d are treated
to elim
inate th
e amo
un
t of w
ater bein
g u
sed b
y b
rush
.
Precipitation Enhancement Program
s. In R
egio
n F
, there are sev
eral on
go
ing
weath
er
mo
dificatio
n p
rog
rams, in
clud
ing
the W
est Tex
as Weath
er Mo
dificatio
n A
ssociatio
n (W
TW
MA
)
pro
ject, and
the T
rans P
ecos W
eather M
od
ification
Asso
ciation
(TP
WM
A) p
rog
ram. A
no
ther
weath
er mo
dificatio
n p
rog
ram, co
nd
ucted
by
the W
est Cen
tral Tex
as Weath
er Mo
dificatio
n
Asso
ciation
(WC
TW
MA
), was started
in 2
00
1, b
ut d
ue to
bu
dg
etary issu
es, stop
ped
clou
d
seedin
g after th
e 20
03
season
. Th
e So
uth
ern O
gallala A
qu
ifer Rain
(SO
AR
) pro
gram
is bein
g
con
du
cted in
Reg
ion
O co
un
ties bo
rderin
g R
egio
n F
to th
e no
rth. P
recipitatio
n en
han
cemen
t is
discu
ssed in
mo
re detail in
Ch
apter 4
.
1.7
Su
mm
ary
of T
hrea
ts an
d C
on
strain
ts to W
ater S
up
ply
in R
egio
n F
1.7
.1T
hrea
ts to W
ater S
up
ply
Th
reats to w
ater sup
ply
in R
egio
n F
inclu
de:
�U
se of th
e TC
EQ
Water A
vailab
ility M
od
el (WA
M) R
un
3 fo
r regio
nal w
ater plan
nin
g;
�W
ater quality
concern
s in sev
eral areas of th
e regio
n; an
d
�T
he im
pact o
f on
-go
ing
dro
ug
ht.
Water q
uality
concern
s iden
tified b
y th
e TW
DB
, TC
EQ
, TP
WD
, EP
A an
d o
thers (R
iver
Au
tho
rities, etc.) with
in R
egio
n F
are sum
marized
in T
able 1
.7-1
.
DRAFT Chapter 1 Description of Region Region F January 2010
Table 1.7-1
Summary of Identified Surface Water Quality Problems in Region F
Segment
IDSegment Name Concern Location Water Quality Concern Status
1412 Colorado River Below J.B
Thomas
From the confluence of Beals Creek upstream to the dam below Barber Reservoir pump station
bacteria Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
1413 Lake J. B. Thomas Entire water body chloride Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
1416 San Saba River From the confluence with the Colorado River in San Saba County upstream to the US 190
bacteria Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
1416 A Brady Creek (unclassified
water body) From FM 714 upstream to Brady Lake dam depressed dissolved oxygen
Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
1421 Concho River From the dam near Vines Road upstream to the confluence of the North Concho River and the South Concho River
impaired macrobenthic community
Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
North Concho River, from the confluence with the South Concho River upstream to O.C. Fisher dam
bacteria Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
depressed dissolved oxygen Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
1425 O.C. Fisher Entire reservoir chloride Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
1431 Mid Pecan Bayou Entire water body bacteria Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
2311 Upper Pecos River US 80 (Bus 20) to FM 1776 depressed dissolved oxygen Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
FM 1776 to US 67 depressed dissolved oxygen Additional data and information will be collected before a TMDL is scheduled.
Data from 2008 Draft 303(d) list (March 19, 2008) 32
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
4
Use of TC
EQ W
AM Run 3 for Regional W
ater Planning T
he T
WD
B req
uires th
e use o
f the T
CE
Q W
ater Av
ailability
Mo
dels (W
AM
) Ru
n 3
as the
defin
ition
of w
ater availab
ility fo
r regio
nal w
ater plan
nin
g21. W
AM
Run 3
has th
e follo
win
g
majo
r assum
ptio
ns:
�F
ull u
se of p
ermitted
div
ersion
and
storag
e
�1
00
percen
t reuse o
f return
flow
s (excep
t return
flow
s specified
with
in th
e water rig
ht
perm
it)
�A
llocatio
n o
f water acco
rdin
g to
prio
rity d
ate regard
less of g
eog
raph
ic locatio
n o
r typ
e of
use
Th
e Co
lorad
o W
AM
Ru
n 3
has sig
nifican
tly d
ifferent resu
lts than
prev
ious assessm
ents o
f
water av
ailability
in th
e basin
. Prev
iou
s stud
ies by
the S
tate of T
exas an
d o
thers sh
ow
ed
sufficien
t reliable su
pp
lies from
reservo
irs in R
egio
n F
to m
eet curren
t and
pro
jected d
eman
ds,
inclu
din
g th
e 19
78
Rep
ort L
P-6
025, th
e 19
90
state water p
lan3
3, the 1
99
7 state w
ater plan
34, an
d
the 2
00
2 state w
ater plan
26. R
ecent ex
perien
ce of critical d
roug
ht co
nd
ition
s in th
e upp
er basin
sho
w th
at sup
plies are av
ailable fro
m th
e regio
n’s reserv
oirs u
nd
er dro
ug
ht-o
f-record
con
ditio
ns.
Ho
wev
er, becau
se of its assu
mp
tion
s the C
olo
rado
WA
M in
dicates th
at almo
st all of th
e majo
r
reservoirs in
Reg
ion F
hav
e little or n
o reliab
le supply
.T
his resu
lt is contrary
to p
revio
us w
ater
plan
s and
recent h
istorical ex
perien
ce.
Th
e WA
M w
as dev
elop
ed b
y T
CE
Q to
pro
cess new
water rig
hts an
d am
end
men
ts to ex
isting
water rig
hts. T
he W
AM
op
erates in a th
eoretical leg
al space th
at is differen
t from
the w
ay th
at
the C
olo
rado
Basin
has h
istorically
been
op
erated. T
he W
AM
do
es no
t inclu
de retu
rn flo
ws,
wh
ich can
be a sig
nifican
t sou
rce of w
ater in m
any
areas. Man
y ru
n-o
f-the-riv
er irrigatio
n rig
hts
dep
end
on
these retu
rn flo
ws fo
r reliable su
pplies. U
ntil su
ch tim
e as return
flow
s are claimed
for reu
se, water rig
hts h
old
ers can leg
ally m
ake u
se of th
ese return
flow
s. Th
e WA
M also
assum
es that sto
rage in
a reservo
ir has th
e same w
eigh
t as div
ersion
. A d
ow
nstream
reservo
ir
with
a senio
r prio
rity d
ate can ap
pro
priate all o
f the av
ailable w
ater just to
fill storag
e, often
leavin
g u
pstream
jun
ior w
ater righ
ts with
no
availab
le water fo
r use.
WA
Ms are a relativ
ely n
ew to
ol av
ailable to
state agen
cies for p
lann
ing
, perm
itting
and
mak
ing
po
licy d
ecision
s. Care m
ust b
e used
wh
en u
sing
these m
od
els with
ou
t mo
dificatio
ns to
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
5
set state water p
olicies fo
r existin
g an
d fu
ture w
ater users. In
som
e cases, mo
dificatio
ns to
the
assum
ptio
ns u
sed in
TC
EQ
WA
M R
un
3 w
ou
ld m
ake th
ese mo
dels m
ore ap
pro
priate fo
r oth
er
pu
rpo
ses. As p
resently
used
, the W
AM
adv
ersely im
pacts w
ater availab
ility in
Reg
ion
F.
Th
e dev
elop
men
t of w
ater sup
plies in
the C
olo
rado
Basin
has a lo
ng
histo
ry o
f con
flict and
resolu
tion
ov
er the im
pact u
pstream
dev
elop
men
t may
hav
e on
do
wn
stream w
ater righ
ts.
Req
uirin
g th
e use o
f the W
AM
for p
lann
ing
pu
rpo
ses with
ou
t mo
dificatio
n h
as reop
ened
these
issues an
d th
us p
oses a p
olicy
threat to
existin
g w
ater righ
ts in R
egio
n F
. It also fo
rces an
ov
erestimatio
n o
f water n
eeds w
ithin
Reg
ion
F, an
d a co
rrespo
nd
ing
un
derestim
ation
of th
e
futu
re water n
eeds d
ow
nstream
in R
egio
n K
.
Rio Grande Basin W
ater Quality
Th
e hig
h lev
els of ch
lorid
es, sulfates an
d T
DS
presen
t in th
e Peco
s Riv
er belo
w R
ed B
luff
Reserv
oir ap
pear to
orig
inate fro
m g
eolo
gic fo
rmatio
ns an
d o
il and
gas p
rod
uctio
n activ
ities. Th
e
cause o
f the to
xic alg
ae blo
om
s is un
kn
ow
n. H
ow
ever, th
eir occu
rrence h
as been
link
ed to
salinity
and
nu
trient co
ncen
trations. T
he elev
ated lev
els of arsen
ic hav
e been
attribu
ted to
agricu
ltural activ
ities. Red
Blu
ff Reserv
oir co
ntain
s elevated
levels o
f mercu
ry. T
he h
eavy
metals p
resent in
the su
rface water in
this reg
ion
represen
t the m
ost serio
us p
ub
lic health
con
cern. T
he h
igh
chlo
ride an
d T
DS
levels in
the su
rface water p
reclud
e mo
st agricu
ltural u
ses.
Instead
, agricu
ltural w
ater users rely
heav
ily o
n th
e gro
un
dw
ater sup
ply
.
Colorado River Basin W
ater Quality
Th
e hig
h lev
els of ch
lorid
es, sulfates an
d T
DS
presen
t in th
e Up
per C
olo
rado
Riv
er abo
ve
O.H
. Ivie R
eservo
ir (inclu
din
g E
.V. S
pen
ce Reserv
oir) are th
ou
gh
t to o
rigin
ate from
geo
log
ic
form
ations an
d o
il and g
as pro
ductio
n3
6. In A
ug
ust 2
00
0, a T
otal M
axim
um
Daily
Lo
ad
(TM
DL
) study w
as com
pleted
at E.V
. Spen
ce Reserv
oir. T
his T
MD
L stu
dy w
as appro
ved
by th
e
En
viro
nm
ental P
rotectio
n A
gen
cy (E
PA
) in M
ay 2
00
3. A
s a result o
f the T
MD
L stu
dy
, a
Watersh
ed A
ction
Plan
was d
evelo
ped
wh
ich p
rov
ides a co
mp
rehen
sive strateg
y fo
r restorin
g
and
main
tainin
g w
ater qu
ality in
the area. C
on
tinu
ed m
on
itorin
g o
f the area sh
ou
ld sh
ow
imp
rov
ing
water q
uality
as the A
ction
Plan
is imp
lemen
ted.
Infreq
uen
t low
disso
lved
oxygen
levels h
ave b
een rep
orted
by th
e TC
EQ
with
in th
e low
er 25
miles o
f Pecan
Bay
ou
abo
ve L
ake B
row
nw
oo
d. T
here are n
o k
no
wn
po
int so
urces o
f water
po
llutio
n w
ithin
the seg
men
t that co
uld
be resp
on
sible fo
r the p
rob
lem. L
ow
ox
yg
en lev
els may
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
6
be d
ue to
natu
ral con
ditio
ns an
d/o
r agricu
ltural n
on
-po
int so
urce p
ollu
tion
. Th
e TC
EQ
has n
ot
giv
en th
is a prio
rity ran
kin
g o
n th
e 30
3(d
) list, instead
stating
that m
ore d
ata will b
e collected
befo
re a TM
DL
is sched
uled
. No
imp
airmen
t to w
ater use as a resu
lt of th
e water q
uality
has
been
repo
rted.
Th
e hig
h n
itrate levels p
resent in
the C
on
cho
Riv
er east of S
an A
ng
elo an
d th
e gro
un
dw
ater
water in
Ru
nn
els, Co
nch
o an
d T
om
Green
Co
un
ties app
ear to b
e from
a com
bin
ation
of n
atural
con
ditio
ns, g
eneral ag
ricultu
ral activities (p
articularly
as related to
wid
e spread
and
inten
se crop
pro
du
ction
), and
locally
from
con
fined
anim
al feedin
g o
peratio
ns an
d/o
r ind
ustrial activ
ities.
Su
rface waters in
the C
on
cho
Riv
er near P
aint R
ock
hav
e con
sistently
dem
on
strated n
itrate
levels ab
ov
e drin
kin
g w
ater limits d
urin
g w
inter m
on
ths. T
his co
nd
ition
has cau
sed co
mp
liance
pro
blem
s for th
e city o
f Pain
t Ro
ck, w
hich
uses w
ater from
the C
on
cho
Riv
er. It has b
een
determ
ined
thro
ug
h stu
dies fu
nd
ed b
y th
e Tex
as Clean
Riv
ers Pro
gram
that th
e elevated
nitrates
in th
e Co
nch
o R
iver resu
lt from
dew
atering
of th
e Lip
an aq
uifer th
rou
gh
sprin
gs an
d seep
s to th
e
river
37.
Th
e No
rth F
ork
of th
e Co
nch
o R
iver fro
m O
.C. F
isher R
eservo
ir Dam
to B
ell Street in
San
An
gelo
is heav
ily im
pacted
with
no
n-p
oin
t sou
rce urb
an ru
no
ff, wh
ich lead
s to o
xy
gen
dep
letion
and
a gen
eral water q
uality
deterio
ration
. Nu
mero
us fish
kills h
ave o
ccurred
alon
g th
is 4.7
5 m
ile
stretch o
f the C
onch
o R
iver sin
ce the late 1
960’s. In
additio
n, to
xics h
ave b
een rep
orted
by th
e
TC
EQ
with
in th
e same stream
segm
ent. B
oth
of th
ese pro
blem
s are believ
ed to
result fro
m n
on
-
po
int so
urce w
ater po
llutio
n. S
ince 1
99
4, th
e Up
per C
olo
rado
Riv
er Au
tho
rity an
d th
e City
of
San
An
gelo
hav
e been
inv
olv
ed in
a com
preh
ensiv
e effort to
mitig
ate these p
rob
lems th
rou
gh
the
Fed
eral Clean
Water A
ct (CW
A) 3
19
(h) p
rog
ram. T
his p
rog
ram p
rov
ides g
rant fu
nd
s to
imp
lemen
t Best M
anag
emen
t Practices (B
MP
s) desig
ned
to m
itigate n
on-p
oin
t source w
ater
qu
ality p
rob
lems. T
he E
PA
31
9(h
) pro
gram
is adm
inistered
in T
exas th
rou
gh
the T
CE
Q.
Hickory Aquifer
Rad
ion
uclid
es presen
t in th
e Hick
ory
aqu
ifer orig
inate fro
m g
eolo
gic fo
rmatio
ns. S
everal o
f
the p
ub
lic water sy
stems th
at rely o
n th
is aqu
ifer regu
larly ex
ceed th
e TC
EQ
’s radio
nu
clide
limits, in
clud
ing
limits o
n rad
on
. Treatm
ent o
f this w
ater by
water su
pp
ly p
rov
iders in
this area
has n
ot b
een attem
pted
to d
ate. Acco
rdin
g to
local rep
resentativ
es of H
icko
ry aq
uifer u
sers on
the R
egio
n F
Water P
lann
ing
Gro
up
, water fro
m th
e Hick
ory
aqu
ifer has b
een u
sed fo
r decad
es
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
7
with
no
kn
ow
n o
r iden
tified h
ealth risk
or p
rob
lems. S
ince th
e radio
active co
ntam
inan
ts are
similar ch
emically
to w
ater hard
ness m
inerals (w
ith th
e excep
tion
of rad
on
), remo
val tech
niq
ues
are well k
now
n w
ithin
the w
ater ind
ustry
. Pro
blem
s that h
ave y
et to b
e resolv
ed in
utilizin
g th
ese
techn
iques are th
e storag
e and
disp
osal o
f the rem
ov
ed rad
ioactiv
e materials left o
ver fro
m th
e
water treatm
ent p
rocess, an
d th
e fun
din
g o
f treatmen
t imp
rov
emen
ts for sm
all, rural
com
mu
nities. R
emo
val tech
niq
ues fo
r rado
n are w
ell kn
ow
n an
d sh
ou
ld n
ot p
resent an
y m
ajor
pro
blem
s to su
pp
liers in im
plem
entatio
n. G
enerally
, agricu
ltural u
se is no
t imp
aired b
y th
e
presen
ce of th
e radio
nuclid
es.
Other G
roundwater Q
uality Issues O
ther g
rou
nd
water q
uality
issues in
Reg
ion
F in
clud
e elevated
levels o
f fluo
ride, n
itrate,
arsenic an
d p
erchlo
rate.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
8
Tab
le 1.7
-2 sh
ow
s the p
ercentag
e of w
ater wells sam
pled
by
the T
WD
B th
at exceed
drin
kin
g
water stan
dard
s for flu
orid
e, nitrate an
d arsen
ic. Th
e largest p
ercentag
e of w
ells with
excessiv
e
fluo
ride can
be fo
un
d in
An
drew
s and
Martin
Co
un
ties. Elev
ated n
itrate levels can
be fo
un
d
thro
ughout R
egio
n F
, with
a hig
h p
ercentag
e of w
ells exceed
ing stan
dard
s in E
ctor, M
idlan
d,
Ru
nn
els and U
pto
n C
ou
nties. T
he h
igh
est percen
tages o
f wells ex
ceedin
g arsen
ic stand
ards are
fou
nd
in B
ord
en, M
idlan
d an
d M
artin C
ou
nties.
Perch
lorate is a g
row
ing
water q
uality
con
cern
for w
ater from
the O
gallala aq
uifer in
west T
exas. P
relimin
ary research
fou
nd
perch
lorate lev
els
exceed
ing
drin
kin
g w
ater stand
ards in
35
percen
t of th
e pu
blic d
rink
ing
water w
ells3
8.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-6
9
Ta
ble 1
.7-2
Percen
tag
e of S
am
pled
Wa
ter Wells E
xceed
ing
Drin
kin
g W
ater S
tan
da
rds fo
r Flu
orid
e,
Nitra
te an
d A
rsenic (2
00
8)
Cou
nty
F
luo
ride
Nitra
te A
rsenic
An
drew
s 27%
54%
36%
Bo
rden
13%
44%
40%
Bro
wn
2%
36%
0%
Co
ke
1%
39%
0%
Colem
an
1%
41%
0%
Co
nch
o
1%
56%
0%
Cran
e 7%
38%
30%
Cro
ckett
0%
15%
0%
Ecto
r2%
81%
26%
Glassco
ck
3%
72%
11%
How
ard
20%
61%
28%
Irion
0%
22%
0%
Kim
ble
0%
26%
0%
Lovin
g
0%
41%
5%
Martin
46%
76%
72%
Maso
n
0%
52%
0%
McC
ullo
ch
1%
26%
0%
Men
ard
0%
19%
0%
Mid
land
11%
85%
42%
Mitch
ell 6%
37%
0%
Peco
s 2%
31%
5%
Reag
an3%
67%
10%
Reev
es 1%
30%
1%
Ru
nn
els 10%
94%
0%
Sch
leicher
0%
22%
0%
Scu
rry
3%
34%
6%
Sterlin
g
0%
29%
0%
Sutto
n
0%
18%
0%
To
m G
reen
0%
52%
0%
Up
ton
0%
80%
3%
Ward
1%
25%
8%
Win
kler
2%
13%
14%
Data are fro
m th
e Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
12
-20
08
39
Current and Proposed TM
DL Studies in Region F
Th
e TC
EQ
pu
blish
es The State of Texas Water Q
uality Inventory every
two
years. T
he
Water Q
uality
inv
ento
ries ind
icate wh
ether p
ub
lic water su
pp
ly u
se is supp
orted
in th
e stream
segm
ents d
esign
ated fo
r pu
blic w
ater sup
ply
in R
egio
n F
. Th
e TC
EQ
has also
establish
ed a list
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
0
of stream
segm
ents fo
r wh
ich it in
tend
s to d
evelo
p T
otal M
axim
um
Daily
Lo
ad (T
MD
L)
evalu
ation
s to ad
dress w
ater qu
ality co
ncern
s4
0, wh
ich is su
mm
arized in
. Tw
o T
MD
Ls ex
ist in
Reg
ion
F: o
ne fo
r E.V
. Sp
ence R
eservo
ir and
on
e for th
e Co
lorad
o R
iver d
ow
nstream
of E
.V.
Sp
ence R
eservo
ir. Mo
nito
ring
of th
ese reaches is co
nd
ucted
by
TC
EQ
.
Regional Drought
Mo
st of R
egio
n F
has ex
perien
ce dro
ug
ht-o
f-record
con
ditio
ns sin
ce the m
id 1
99
0s.
Alth
ou
gh
exten
sive rain
s at the en
d o
f 20
04
bro
ug
ht so
me relief to
the d
rou
gh
t con
ditio
ns, th
ere
remain
s a large v
olu
me o
f emp
ty reserv
oir sto
rage in
the reg
ion
. In O
ctob
er 20
04
, the cap
acity
of L
ake J.B
. Th
om
as, Ch
amp
ion
Creek
Reserv
oir, E
.V. S
pen
ce Reserv
oir, an
d O
.C. F
isher L
ake
was less th
an 1
5 p
ercent. O
.H. Iv
ie was at 3
0 p
ercent o
f capacity
. Ho
rds C
reek L
ake h
ad less
than
50
percen
t of its cap
acity. In
Jun
e 20
04
, Tw
in B
uttes R
eservo
ir was o
nly
at 3 p
ercent o
f
capacity
. Red
Blu
ff Reserv
oir w
as the o
nly
majo
r reservo
ir in R
egio
n F
that is alm
ost fu
ll, at 95
percen
t of cap
acity in
Octo
ber 2
00
4. A
qu
ifers gen
erally resp
on
d m
ore slo
wly
to d
rou
gh
t
con
ditio
ns th
an su
rface water su
pp
lies. Ho
wev
er, with
ou
t sign
ificant rain
fall, little recharg
e will
be av
ailable to
replace w
ater curren
tly b
eing
pu
mp
ed fro
m th
ese aqu
ifers.
Dro
ug
ht co
nd
ition
s also h
ave a n
egativ
e imp
act on
water q
uality
. As w
ater levels d
ecline,
reservo
irs tend
to co
ncen
trate disso
lved
materials. W
itho
ut sig
nifican
t fresh w
ater inflo
ws th
e
water q
uality
in a reserv
oir d
egrad
es. Th
e lack o
f recharg
e to aq
uifers h
as a similar effect o
n
gro
un
dw
ater.
1.7
.2C
on
strain
ts
A m
ajor co
nstrain
t to en
han
cing
water su
pp
ly in
Reg
ion
F is a lack
of ap
pro
priate lo
cation
s
for n
ew su
rface water su
pp
ly d
evelo
pm
ent an
d lack
of av
ailable w
ater for n
ew su
rface water
sup
ply
pro
jects. Th
ere are few sites in
the reg
ion
that h
ave su
fficient ru
no
ff to ju
stify th
e cost o
f
dev
elop
ing
a new
reservo
ir with
ou
t hav
ing
a majo
r imp
act on
do
wn
stream w
ater sup
plies.
Gen
erally, th
e few lo
cation
s that d
o h
ave p
rom
ise are located
far from
the areas w
ith th
e greatest
need
s for ad
ditio
nal w
ater. In ad
ditio
n, th
e Colo
rado
and
Rio
Gran
de W
AM
s sho
w v
ery little
availab
le surface w
ater for n
ew ap
pro
priatio
ns in
Reg
ion
F. T
here is v
ery little w
ater availab
le
that h
as not alread
y b
een allo
cated to
existin
g w
ater rights.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
1
Mu
ch o
f the su
rface water an
d g
rou
nd
water w
ater in th
e regio
n co
ntain
s hig
h co
ncen
tration
s
of d
issolv
ed so
lids, o
rigin
ating
from
natu
ral and
man
-mad
e sou
rces. It is po
ssible to
mak
e use o
f
these reso
urces, b
ut th
e cost to
treat this w
ater can b
e hig
h. M
uch
of th
e regio
n is eco
no
mically
distressed
du
e to d
ow
ntu
rns in
the p
etroleu
m in
du
stry an
d ag
ricultu
re. Th
erefore, ad
van
ced
treatmen
t, system
imp
rov
emen
ts or lo
ng
distan
ce transp
ortatio
n o
f water m
ay n
ot b
e
econ
om
ically feasib
le. Also
, man
y o
f these sm
aller com
mu
nities h
ave ex
perien
ced d
eclinin
g
po
pu
lation
s in recen
t years. M
ore th
an o
ne-h
alf of th
e cou
nties in
the reg
ion
hav
e a po
pu
lation
less than
5,0
00
peo
ple. T
hese sm
aller cou
nties lo
st 2.2
percen
t of th
eir po
pu
lation
betw
een 1
99
0
and
20
00
. Th
us th
ey are ill eq
uip
ped
to affo
rd th
e hig
h co
st of ad
van
ced w
ater treatmen
t
techn
iqu
es, giv
en th
eir declin
ing
reven
ue b
ase.
Fin
ally, m
any
of th
e mun
icipal w
ater sup
ply
need
s in R
egio
n F
are relatively
small an
d are in
locatio
ns th
at are far away
from
reliable w
ater sup
plies o
f go
od
qu
ality. T
ransp
ortin
g sm
all
qu
antities o
f water o
ver larg
e distan
ces is seldo
m co
st-effective. D
esalinatio
n an
d reu
se are go
od
op
tion
s for th
ese com
mu
nities. H
ow
ever, th
e hig
h co
st of d
evelo
pin
g an
d p
ermittin
g th
ese typ
es
of su
pp
lies is a sign
ificant co
nstrain
t on
water d
evelo
pm
ent. A
lso, fin
din
g a su
itable m
eans o
f
disp
osin
g th
e reject con
centrate fro
m a d
esalinatio
n p
roject m
ay lim
it the feasib
ility o
f such
pro
jects in m
any
locatio
ns.
1.8
Wa
ter-Rela
ted T
hrea
ts to A
gricu
ltura
l an
d N
atu
ral R
esou
rces in
Reg
ion
F
Water-related
threats to
agricu
ltural reso
urces in
Reg
ion
F in
clud
e water q
uality
con
cerns an
d
insu
fficient g
rou
nd
water w
ater sup
plies. W
ater-related th
reats to n
atural reso
urces in
clud
e
chan
ges to
natu
ral flow
con
ditio
ns an
d w
ater qu
ality co
ncern
s. In m
ost cases, g
rou
nd
water w
ater
sup
plies in
Reg
ion
F asso
ciated w
ith irrig
ated ag
ricultu
re hav
e little imp
act on
natu
ral resources.
1.8
.1W
ater R
elated
Th
reats to
Ag
ricultu
re
Water q
uality
con
cerns fo
r agricu
lture are larg
ely lim
ited to
salt water p
ollu
tion
, bo
th fro
m
natu
ral and
man
-mad
e sou
rces. In so
me cases, im
pro
perly
aban
do
ned
oil an
d g
as wells h
ave
served
as a con
du
it for b
rines o
rigin
ating
deep
with
in th
e earth to
con
tamin
ate the sh
allow
gro
un
dw
ater sup
plies. P
rior to
19
77
, the b
rines asso
ciated w
ith o
il and
gas p
rod
uctio
n w
ere
com
mo
nly
disp
osed
in o
pen
, un
lined
pits. In
man
y cases, th
ese disp
osal p
its hav
e no
t been
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
2
remed
iated an
d rem
ain as so
urces o
f salt con
tamin
ation
. Cu
rrent b
rine d
ispo
sal practices in
vo
lve
repressu
rizing
hy
dro
carbo
n-p
rod
ucin
g fo
rmatio
ns o
r disp
osin
g th
rou
gh
deep
well in
jection
.
Th
ese practices lead
to th
e po
ssibility
of leak
s into
water su
pp
ly aq
uifers sin
ce the h
yd
raulic
pressu
re of th
e injected
water ro
utin
ely ex
ceeds th
e pressu
re need
ed to
raise the w
ater to th
e
gro
un
d’s su
rface. In o
ther aq
uifers, ex
cessive p
um
pin
g m
ay cau
se natu
rally o
ccurrin
g p
oo
r
qu
ality w
ater to m
igrate in
to fresh
water zo
nes.
Most o
f Reg
ion F
dep
ends o
n g
rou
ndw
ater water fo
r irrigatio
n. A
ccord
ing to
the 2
006
Region F Regional Water Plan
41, agricu
ltural d
eman
d ex
ceeds th
e availab
le gro
un
dw
ater water
sup
ply
in sev
eral cou
nties. P
arts of th
ree cou
nties (M
idlan
d, R
eagan
and
Up
ton
) hav
e already
been
declared
a Prio
rity G
rou
nd
water M
anag
emen
t Area b
y th
e TC
EQ
in resp
on
se to ex
cessive
draw
do
wn
in th
e aqu
ifer.
1.8
.2W
ater R
elated
Th
reats to
Na
tura
l Reso
urces
Reserv
oir d
evelo
pm
ent an
d in
vasio
n b
y b
rush
hav
e altered n
atural stream
flow
pattern
s in
Reg
ion
F. S
prin
g flo
ws in
Reg
ion
F h
ave g
reatly d
imin
ished
. Man
y sp
ring
s hav
e dried
up
becau
se of g
rou
nd
water d
evelo
pm
ent, th
e spread
of h
igh
water u
se plan
t species su
ch as
mesq
uite an
d salt ced
ar, or th
e loss o
f nativ
e grasses an
d o
ther p
lant co
ver. H
igh
water u
se plan
t
species h
ave red
uced
reliable flo
ws fo
r man
y trib
utary
streams. R
eservo
ir dev
elop
men
t also
chan
ges n
atural h
yd
rolo
gy
by
dim
inish
ing
floo
d flo
ws an
d cap
turin
g lo
w flo
ws. It is u
nlik
ely th
at
futu
re chan
ges to
flow
con
ditio
ns in
Reg
ion
F w
ill be as d
ramatic as th
ose th
at hav
e already
occu
rred. If ad
ditio
nal reserv
oirs are d
evelo
ped
, they
will b
e required
to m
ake lo
w flo
w releases
to m
aintain
do
wn
stream stream
con
ditio
ns.
1.9
Wa
ter Lo
ss Au
dit
Sin
ce the p
revio
us ro
un
d o
f regio
nal p
lann
ing
retail pu
blic w
ater utilities are n
ow
requ
ired to
com
plete an
d su
bm
it a water lo
ss aud
it form
to th
e Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
every
five
years. T
he first w
ater loss au
dit rep
orts w
ere subm
itted to
the T
WD
B b
y M
arch 3
1, 2
00
6. T
he
data fro
m th
ese repo
rts were co
mp
iled b
y A
lan P
lum
mer A
ssociates In
c. thro
ug
h a research
and
plan
nin
g fu
nd
gran
t from
TW
DB
42. T
he w
ater aud
it repo
rting
requ
iremen
ts follo
w th
e
Intern
ation
al Water A
ssociatio
n (IW
A) an
d A
merican
Water W
ork
s Asso
ciation
(AW
WA
)
Water L
oss C
on
trol C
om
mittee m
etho
do
log
y4
3.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
3
Th
e prim
ary p
urp
oses o
f a water lo
ss aud
it are to acco
un
t for all o
f the w
ater bein
g u
sed an
d
to id
entify
po
tential areas w
here w
ater can b
e saved
. Water au
dits track
mu
ltiple so
urces o
f water
loss th
at are com
mo
nly
describ
ed as ap
paren
t loss an
d real lo
ss. Ap
paren
t loss is th
e water th
at
has b
een u
sed b
ut h
as no
t been
tracked
. It inclu
des lo
sses associated
with
custo
mer m
eters un
der-
registerin
g, b
illing
adju
stmen
t and
waiv
ers, and
un
auth
orized
con
sum
ptio
n. R
eal loss is th
e
actual w
ater loss o
f water fro
m th
e system
, and
inclu
des m
ain b
reaks an
d leak
s, custo
mer serv
ice
line b
reaks an
d leak
s, and
storag
e overflo
ws. T
he su
m o
f the ap
paren
t loss an
d th
e real loss m
ake
up
the to
tal water lo
ss for a u
tility.
In th
e Reg
ion
F p
lann
ing area, 5
6 p
ub
lic water su
pp
liers subm
itted a w
ater loss au
dit to
TW
DB
. Th
ese sup
pliers in
clud
e 31
cities, 16
water su
pp
ly co
rpo
ration
s, five o
ther w
ater
sup
pliers, th
ree water co
nserv
ation
and
imp
rov
emen
t districts an
d o
ne sp
ecial utility
district. T
he
total p
ercentag
e water lo
ss was calcu
lated fo
r each w
ater sup
plier u
sing
a corrected
inp
ut
vo
lum
e. Th
e corrected
inp
ut v
olu
me is w
ater deliv
ered d
ivid
ed b
y m
aster meter accu
racy. T
his
represen
ts the actu
al amo
un
t of w
ater that w
as deliv
ered to
the u
tility. F
igu
re 1.9
-1 sh
ow
s the
percen
tage o
f total w
ater loss fo
r the reg
ion
, cities, water su
pp
ly co
rpo
ration
s, oth
er utilities,
water co
nserv
ation
and
imp
rov
emen
t districts an
d th
e special u
tility d
istrict.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
4
Fig
ure 1
.9-1
: Percen
tage o
f Corrected
Inp
ut V
olu
me
Th
e percen
tage o
f total w
ater loss fo
r Reg
ion
F is 7
percen
t. Th
e amo
un
t of to
tal water lo
ss
for cities, o
ther su
pp
liers, water co
nserv
ation
and
imp
rov
emen
t districts an
d th
e special u
tility
district are w
ithin
the ran
ge o
f acceptab
le water lo
ss (less than
or eq
ual to
12
percen
t). Th
e
amo
un
t of to
tal water lo
ss as a percen
t of co
rrected in
pu
t vo
lum
e for th
e water su
pp
ly
corp
oratio
ns is m
uch
hig
her. O
ne ex
plan
ation
for th
is is the lo
w d
ensity
of serv
ice conn
ections
per m
ile of m
ain lin
e for w
ater sup
ply
corp
oratio
ns. T
able 1
.9-1
sho
ws th
e ratio o
f the n
um
ber o
f
con
nectio
ns p
er mile o
f main
line b
y categ
ory
.
6%6%
2%
6%
2%1%
2%1%
26%
2%8%
1%
0% 5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
RegionCity
WSC
Other
WCID
SUD
Percentage�of�Corrected�Input�Volume
Real�LossA
pparent�Loss
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
5
Tab
le 1.9
-1: S
ervice C
on
nectio
ns p
er Mile o
f Main
Lin
e
Ca
tego
ry
Serv
ice
Con
nectio
ns/M
ile
Reg
ion
2
6.1
2
City
3
8.9
4
WS
C
9.1
8
Oth
er 10.4
4
WC
ID
4.9
6
SU
D
3.3
5
Th
e amo
un
t of real lo
sses in R
egio
n F
from
the 5
4 p
ub
lic water su
pp
liers totaled
45
4 m
illion
gallo
ns in
20
06
. Th
is represen
ts 1.1
percen
t of th
e total estim
ated m
un
icipal w
ater dem
and
for
the reg
ion
. Based
on
these fin
din
gs, th
e regio
n is ad
equ
ately ad
dressin
g m
un
icipal w
ater loss.
Measu
res that are cu
rrently
in p
lace to co
ntro
l water lo
ss sho
uld
con
tinu
e. Fo
r the w
ater sup
pliers
that fall u
nd
er “WS
C” categ
ory
, there m
ay b
e few co
st effective o
ptio
ns in
redu
cing
water lo
ss.
Ho
wev
er, these p
rov
iders m
ay co
nsid
er mo
re efficient leak
detectio
n an
d red
ucin
g th
e time
requ
ired to
repair a leak
after it is iden
tified.
1.1
0N
av
iga
tion
in R
egio
n F
The U
.S. A
rmy C
orp
s of E
ngin
eers has p
ublish
ed a list o
f the n
avig
able p
ortio
ns o
f the riv
ers
in T
exas
44. T
he C
olo
rado
Riv
er is con
sidered
nav
igab
le from
the B
astrop
-Fay
ette Co
un
ty lin
e to
Lo
ng
ho
rn D
am in
Trav
is Co
un
ty. T
he R
io G
rand
e is con
sidered
nav
igab
le from
the Z
apata-
Web
b C
ou
nty
line to
the p
oin
t of in
tersection
of th
e Tex
as-New
Mex
ico state lin
e and
Mex
ico.
All o
f these areas are o
utsid
e of th
e bo
un
daries o
f Reg
ion
F. T
he P
ecos R
iver seg
men
t is no
t
specifically
inclu
ded
.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
6
1.1
1L
ist of R
eferences
1 U.S
. Bu
reau o
f Cen
sus: P
op
ulatio
n E
stimates fo
r Tex
as Co
un
ties 19
00
to 2
00
0, av
ailable o
n-
line at h
ttp://w
ww
.cpa.state.tx
.us/eco
data/p
opdata/p
opfiles.h
tml
2 Dallas M
orn
ing
New
s:2008-09 The Texas Alm
anac, Dallas, 2
008.
3 U.S
. Cen
sus B
ureau
, Tex
as Qu
ick F
acts, availab
le on
-line at
http
://quick
facts.censu
s.gov/q
fd/states/4
8/4
8085.h
tml, d
ow
nlo
aded
Novem
ber 2
009.
4 Precip
itation
and
run
off d
ata dev
elop
ed b
y F
reese and
Nich
ols, In
c. from
Natio
nal C
limatic
Data C
enter W
eather D
ata and
run
off fro
m
http
://ww
w.ce.u
texas.ed
u/p
rof/m
aidm
ent/g
ishy
d9
7/lib
rary/w
btex
as/wb
texas.h
tm.
5 Dev
elop
ed b
y F
reese and
Nich
ols, In
c. from
Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
Qu
adran
gle
Evap
oratio
n D
ata, availab
le on-lin
e at ftp://rio
.twdb.state.tx
.us.ev
ap_data/.
6 U.S
. Geo
log
ical Su
rvey
: Stream
flow
gag
e Reco
rds, av
ailable o
n lin
e at h
ttp://w
aterdata.u
sgs.g
ov
/tx/n
wis.
7 Tex
as Co
mm
ission
on
En
viro
nm
ental Q
uality
: Certificates o
f Ad
jud
ication
, vario
us d
ates.
8 Tex
as Co
mm
ission
on
En
viro
nm
ental Q
uality
: Histo
rical water u
se datab
ase, electron
ic files, 2009.
9 Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
: Histo
rical and
Pro
jected P
op
ulatio
n an
d W
ater Use D
ata, electro
nic files, A
ustin
, 2004.
10 T
exas C
om
missio
n o
n E
nv
iron
men
tal Qu
ality: Active W
ater Rights Database, electro
nic files,
Austin
, 2009.
11 A
shw
orth
, J.B. an
d H
op
kin
s, J.Aquifers in Texas, T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard R
epo
rt 345, 1
995.
12 T
exas A
gricu
ltural E
xten
sion S
ervice (T
AE
S): M
anag
ing T
exas’ G
roundw
ater Reso
urces
Th
rou
gh
Un
derg
rou
nd
Water C
on
servatio
n D
istricts, Co
llege S
tation
, 19
96
.
13 B
run
e, Gu
nn
ar: Major and H
istorical Springs of Texas, Tex
as Water D
evelo
pm
ent B
oard
R
epo
rt 18
9, 1
97
5.
14 B
run
e, Gu
nn
ar:Springs of Texas, V
olu
me I, B
ranch
-Sm
ith, In
c., Fo
rt Wo
rth, 1
98
1.
15 T
exas P
arks an
d W
ildlife D
epartm
ent: Evaluation of Selected N
atural Resources in Parts of Loving, Pecos, Reeves, W
ard and Winkler C
ounties, Texas, Austin
, 1998.
16 T
exas N
ature C
on
servan
cy. S
and
ia Sp
ring
s Preserv
e. Av
ailable o
n-lin
e at h
ttp://n
ature.o
rg/w
herew
ewo
rk/n
orth
america/states/tex
as/preserv
es/art66
22
.htm
l, 20
04
.
17 U
.S. F
ish an
d W
ildlife S
ervice (U
SF
WS
). 20
04
. ES
A B
asics, 30
Years o
f Pro
tecting
E
nd
ang
ered S
pecies. [O
nlin
e] (No
vem
ber 2
00
4). A
vailab
le UR
L: h
ttp://en
dan
gered
.fws.g
ov
18 U
nited
States D
epartm
ent o
f Ag
ricultu
re, Natio
nal A
gricu
ltural S
tatistics Serv
ice: 2007C
ensus of Agriculture, Texas State and County Profiles, [o
nlin
e], at UR
L:
http
://ww
w.ag
censu
s.usd
a.go
v/P
ub
lication
s/20
07
/ind
ex.asp
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
7
19 N
ation
al Reso
urces C
on
servatio
n S
ervice, S
tate So
il Geo
grap
hic (S
TA
TS
GO
) Datab
ase, UR
L
http
://ww
w.ftw
.nrcs.u
sda.g
ov
/stat_d
ata.htm
l
20 T
exas R
ailroad
Co
mm
ission
: Map
of T
op
25
Pro
du
cing
Oil an
d G
as Field
s, Based
on
19
99
P
rod
uctio
n, [O
nlin
e], (No
vem
ber 2
00
3), A
vailab
le UR
L:
http
://ww
w.rrc.state.tx
.us/d
ivisio
ns/o
g/activ
ity/to
p251999.h
tml
21 T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard: Exhibit B G
uidance for Developing Regional W
ater Plans,F
ebru
ary 2
008.
22 C
olo
rado
Riv
er Mu
nicip
al Water D
istrict: 20
03 Annual Report, B
ig S
prin
g, 2
003.
23 B
row
n C
ou
nty
Water Im
pro
vem
ent D
istrict Num
ber O
ne: S
up
po
rt data fo
r TN
RC
C R
epo
rt of
Su
rface Water U
sed fo
r Year E
nd
ing D
ecemb
er, 19
97
.
24 T
exas C
om
missio
n o
n E
nv
iron
men
tal Qu
ality: H
istorical Water U
se, Austin 2003.2
5 Tex
as Dep
artmen
t of W
ater Reso
urces: Present and Future W
ater Availability in the C
olorado River Basin, Texas, Report LP-60, 1978.
26 T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard: W
ater for Texas – 2002, Austin
,2002.
27 F
reese and
Nich
ols, In
c.:Long-Range W
ater Supply Plan, p
repared
for th
e City
of S
an
An
gelo
, No
vem
ber 2
00
0.
28 T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard: R
ainfall an
d R
un
off D
ata, [on
line], (M
ay 1
99
9), at U
RL
: rain
fall http
://ww
w.o
cs.orst.ed
u/p
rism_new
.htm
l and ru
noff
http
://ww
w.ce.u
texas.ed
u/p
rof/m
aidm
ent/g
ishy
d9
7/lib
rary/w
btex
as/wb
texas.h
tm
29 T
exas C
om
missio
n o
n E
nv
iron
men
tal Qu
ality. 2
00
0. T
he T
exas C
lean R
ivers P
rog
ram.
[Onlin
e] (Novem
ber 2
004). A
vailab
le UR
L: h
ttp://w
ww
.tnrcc.state.tx
.us/w
ater/quality
/data/w
mt
30 E
nv
iron
men
tal Pro
tection
Ag
ency
(EP
A). 2
00
3. In
trod
uctio
n to
the C
lean W
ater Act.
[Onlin
e] (Novem
ber 2
004). A
vailab
le UR
L: w
ww
.epa.g
ov/w
atertrain/cw
a/rightin
dex
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31 E
nv
iron
men
tal Pro
tection
Ag
ency
(EP
A). 1
99
9. U
nd
erstand
ing
the S
afe Water D
rink
ing
Act.
[On
line] (N
ov
emb
er 20
04
). Av
ailable U
RL
: http
://ww
w.ep
a.go
v/safew
ater/sdw
a/ind
ex.h
tml
32 T
exas C
om
missio
n o
n E
nv
iron
men
tal Qu
ality (T
CE
Q). D
raft 20
04
Water Q
uality
Inv
ento
ry
Su
mm
ary o
f Water B
od
ies with
Water Q
uality
Co
ncern
s. [On
line] (M
ay 1
3, 2
00
5). A
vailab
le U
RL
:
http
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w.tceq
.state.tx.u
s/assets/pu
blic/co
mp
liance/m
on
op
s/water/0
8tw
qi/2
00
8_
30
3d
.pd
f
33 T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard: W
ater for Texas Today and Tomorrow
– 1990, Decem
ber
1990.
34 T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard: W
ater for Texas, Au
gu
st 19
97
.
36 T
exas C
lean R
ivers P
rog
ram, 2
00
4 C
olo
rado
Riv
er Basin
Hig
hlig
hts R
epo
rt, 20
04
. Av
ailable
UR
L: h
ttp://w
ww
.lcra.org
/crp/crp
repo
rts.htm
l
37 U
pp
er Co
lorad
o R
iver A
uth
ority
:N
orth Concho River W
atershed Brush Control Planning,
Assessment and Feasibility Study, S
eptem
ber 1
99
9.
DRAFT C
hapter 1 D
escription of Region R
egio
n F
Jan
uary
2010
1-7
8
38 “P
erchlo
rate My
stery S
urfaces in
Tex
as”, En
viro
nm
ental S
cience an
d T
echn
olo
gy
On
line,
Octo
ber 2
, 20
03
. Av
ailable U
RL
http
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bs.acs.o
rg/su
bscrib
e/journ
als/esthag
-w
/2003/o
ct/science/k
c_perch
lorate.h
tml
39 T
exas W
ater Dev
elop
men
t Bo
ard g
rou
nd
water d
atabase. A
vailab
le UR
L
http
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w.tw
db
.state.tx.u
s/pu
blicatio
ns/rep
orts/G
rou
nd
WaterR
epo
rts/GW
Datab
aseRep
orts
40 T
exas C
om
missio
n o
n E
nv
iron
men
tal Qu
ality (T
CE
Q). 2
00
4. D
raft 20
04
Water Q
uality
A
ssessmen
ts for In
div
idu
al Water B
od
ies. [On
line] (N
ov
emb
er 20
04
). Av
ailable U
RL
:
http
://ww
w.tceq
.state.tx.u
s/assets/pu
blic/co
mp
liance/m
on
op
s/water/0
8tw
qi/2
00
8_
30
3d
.pd
f
41 F
reese and
Nich
ols, In
c., Region F Regional Water Plan
, Fo
rt Wo
rth, Jan
uary
20
01
.
42A
lan P
lum
mer A
ssociates, In
c. Water p
rosp
ecting an
d R
sou
rce Co
nsu
lting, L
LC
. Fin
al Rep
ort:
An
An
alysis o
f Water L
oss as R
epo
rted b
y P
ub
lic Water S
up
pliers in
Tex
as. Au
stin: T
WD
B,
Janu
ary 2
4, 2
00
7.
43 A
WW
A W
ater Lo
ss Co
ntro
l Co
mm
ittee, Water Audits and Loss C
ontrol Programs, N
ear Final D
raft for Water Loss C
ontrol Comm
ittee Review, A
WW
A M
36 P
ublicatio
n R
ewrite, 2
006.
44 U
.S. A
rmy
Co
rps o
f En
gin
eers, Fort W
orth
District: N
avigable Waters of the U
nited States in the Fort W
orth, Albuquerque, and Tulsa Districts W
ithin the State of Texas, March
20, 1
999.