diverse children: race, ethnicity, and immigration in america’s new non-majority generation by...
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Diverse Children: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration in
America’s New Non-Majority Generationby
Donald J. Hernandez, Ph.D.Hunter College, City University of New York
Congressional Briefing:Children of Immigrants and Improving
Outcomes for America’s New Non-Majority Child Population
Sponsored byRepresentative Judy Chu,
the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, the
Congressional Hispanic Caucus, and the Congressional Black Caucus
in cooperation with The Foundation for Child Development & First Focus
Slide 2. IntroductionFirst-ever report for U.S. comparing well-being
… for children with immigrant parents… to children with U.S.-born parents,
… for White, Hispanic, Black, and Asian children
19 indicators focused on:* Educational attainments* Health* Family economic resources * Demographics
Slide 3. Diversity among U.S. Children
• A majority of births are to non-White mothers
• 25% of all children have at least one immigrant parent
• 94% of children with immigrant parents, have origins in Latin America, Asia, Africa, or the Caribbean
• 89% of children with immigrant parents are U.S. citizens
• By 2018 a majority of children will belong to non-White minority groups
Slide 4. Data Sources for 19 Indicators
• National Assessment of Educational Progress
• Current Population Survey (micro data)
• National Health Interview Survey (micro data)
• National Vital Statistics System (micro data)
Slide 5. Children of Immigrants as a Percentage of
Four Race-Ethnic Groups
• 8% of Whites (1-in-12)
• 14% of Blacks (1-in-7)
• 59% of Hispanics (Nearly 6-in-10)
• 87% of Asians (Nearly 9-in-10)
Slide 6 Percent Not Proficient in
Reading, U.S. 4th Grade Students: 2011
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 7. Percent Not Proficient in Mathematics,
U.S. 4th Grade Students: 2011
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 8. Percent Enrolled in
PreKindergarten, U.S. Children Ages 3-4: 2010
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 9. Percent with Secure Parental Employment, U.S. Children: 2010
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 10. Percent in One-Parent Families, U.S. Children: 2010
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 11. Percent with Low Birthweight, U.S. Births: 2009
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 12. Infant Mortality Rate, Deaths under Age 1, per 1,000 Births,
U.S.: 2007
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 13. Child Mortality Rate,Deaths to Children Ages 1-19
per 100,000: 2009
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 14. Percent Not Covered by Health Insurance,
U.S. Children: 2010
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 15. Percent in Poverty, U.S. Children:
2010
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 16. Percent in Poverty or Near-Poverty, U.S. Children: 2010
Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)
Slide 17. Conclusions• Children of immigrants more often have
two-parent families, a securely employed parent, and healthy birth outcomes.
• But they have lower rates of enrollment in PreKindergarten and health insurance.
• For all groups, poverty it too high, reading and math proficiency are too low, PreKindergarten enrollment is too low, and health insurance coverage is too low.
• Hispanic and Black children fare especially poorly on poverty, secure parental employment, education, and later health.
• Additional investments are needed in all children, especially children of immigrants and Hispanic and Black children.
Diverse Children: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration in
America’s New Non-Majority Generationby
Donald J. Hernandez, Ph.D.Hunter College, City University of New York
Congressional Briefing:Children of Immigrants and Improving
Outcomes for America’s New Non-Majority Child Population
Sponsored byRepresentative Judy Chu,
the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, the
Congressional Hispanic Caucus, and the Congressional Black Caucus
in cooperation with The Foundation for Child Development & First Focus