diversity in graduate education shirley m. malcom, ph.d
TRANSCRIPT
Diversity in Graduate Education
Shirley M. Malcom, Ph.D.
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
General Workforce Concerns
Numbers (will we have enough?)(Post-9/11 environment)
What diversity brings The business case for diversity
Fairness (rights-based arguments)
Talent development
Demographic concerns
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Graduate Enrollment in Science and Engineering, 1993-2002
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Men
Women
White, non-Hispanic
Non-Citizens
Underrepresented Minorities
Asians
Source: CPST, data derived from National Science Foundation
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Emerging Patterns
Cross-field differences
Within-field changes over time
Differential progress for various groups
Constrained access and competition for foreign students
Changing demand
Shifting demographics
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
A Context for the Numbers
Remove the barriers (restrooms and telescopes)
Affirmative behaviors (recruitment and outreach)
Systemic approaches (structures, policies, and practices)
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Faculty as a Special Concern
Student diversity and faculty makeup
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Perspectives on Research and Practice
Biomedical research
Primatology
Psychology
Social sciences
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Responses to Adarand, Hopwood, and Prop 209
Documented changes in medical school and law school admissions
Graduate school ??
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Declining minority first-year enrollment
The challenge of distributed admissions
Loss of special programs
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Special Efforts
Undergrad research experiences for underrepresented students
Networking with faculty in institutions with significant minority enrollment
Links to special programs
Advertising through professional societies (SACNAS, etc.)
Talent scouting among own undergrads
Financial support
Organizations of/for
The climate of the departments and institutions
Cohorting
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Post-Adarand — Pre-Michigan Decision
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Post-Michigan
Admissions policies and holistic review
Everything else?Financial aid, outreach, targeted recruitment, faculty?
Challenges by anti-affirmative action groups
Failure of Administration to provide guidance except “race-neutral alternatives”
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Legal Primer
Federal Equal Opportunity Standards
Titles VI, VII, IX, & ADA
Equal Protection & Due Process Clauses
Significant Federal Legal Opinions
Grutter & Gratz, Bakke, & Adarand
State-Based Equal Opportunity Standards
CA, WA, FL, TX, MI
Ongoing Federal Efforts
SEEOA, NSF Criterion II, EEO Standards
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Design Principles
Mission
Intent
Target Population
Program Character
Context
Evaluation & Research
Faculty Recruitment & Retention
Leadership
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Structural Approaches
Lessons learned from NSF/AGEP & NSF/ADVANCE
Packard Scholars
Select Universities (UMBC)
Select Faculty (Tapia at Rice, Warner at LSU)
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
AAAS Capacity CenterAt a Glance Established August 2004 with 3-year, $400K grant from
Sloan Foundation to AAAS
STEM human resource development consulting service
Provide institutions of higher education with nationally-calibrated research & technical assistance in examining programs & outcomes
Foster institutional capacity to:
recruit, enroll, & support students
diversify the faculty
www.aaascapacity.org (Daryl Chubin, Director)
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
A Menu of Services
Data on impact of “percentage plans” (recruitment/access) & interventions (aimed at retention/degree completion)
How to conduct searches to diversify the faculty & administration
Developing “cultural competence” among current faculty, staff, & students
How to mainstream & institutionalize “special” (soft-money) programs
Nurturing US student talent in the face of globalization
DIVERSITY IN GRADUATE EDUCATION
Wanted
Leadership
Dialogue
Staying Power
Resources
Mainstreaming
Advocacy