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Mitsuo Matsuka
Nippon Apitherapy Society (President)
E-mail: [email protected]
Central Research Institute of Propolis Inc. (President)Japan Royal Jelly Fair Trade Council (President)
Diversity of Propolis:
Production, Preparation, and Consumption
090917, Montpellier
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Apitherapy session was first held, and several presentations on propolis provoked Japanese beekeepers and market.This year was called as THE FIRST YEAR OF PROPOLIS AGE in JAPAN
International
Apicultural
Congress
in 1985
in NAGOYA
Propolis in Japan
XXXth APIMONDIA CONGRESS
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Recent development ofPropolis research
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050
20
40
60
80
100論
文数
/年
論文
数/年
論文
数/年
論文
数/年
From PubMed
www.pubmed.gov
4ホルモン様活性抗不整脈作用抗高血圧作用
抗ウイルス(HIV)作用抗細胞死作用免疫賦活作用腎臓保護作用抗放射線作用抗電磁波作用神経保護作用
抗炎症作用抗酸化作用抗腫瘍作用
抗微生物活性
0 5 10 15 20
論文数(2005年) 論文数(2005年) 論文数(2005年) 論文数(2005年)
Function-related papers
New fields
No. of articles in 2005
AntibioticAntitumor
AntioxidationAntiinflamation
NeuroprotectionAntimagnetism
AntiradiationKidney-protectionImmunoactivation
Cell longevityAntiviral (HIV)
AntihypertentionAntiarrythmia
Hormone-like act.
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Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Oxford University Press (2004- ) URL: http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/
18 important and interesting reviews and original articles
related to PROPOLIS �appeared
Founding editors:Tomio Tada; E.L. Cooper (UCLA); Nobuo Yamaguchi
activity related JCAM members
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Apimedica & Apiquality Forum 2010
3rd Apimondia Int. Forum on Apitherapy & Apiquality
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Sept. 28 - 30, 2010
+
Satellite Symposia
(October 1 - 2)
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World Propolis Science Forum(WPSF, Korea/HQ)
Started in 2007 in Daejeon (Korea),
2008 in Hanzhou (China) at the 9th AAA (Asian Apicultural Association),
2010 in Pusan (Korea, at AAA)
Please contact with Korean delegates
or AAA members
E-journal
Please contact with IBRA stand
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Diversity of propolis, plant origin
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Brazil
Tropical America
Temperate America
Chrysin + QuercetinNorth AmericaNew ZealandAustraliaJapanChinaBulgariaItalyGermany
Different types of propolis (TLC)Different types of propolis (TLC)
12ChileChileChileChile
ThailandThailandThailandThailandJapanJapanJapanJapan
BrazilBrazilBrazilBrazil BrazilBrazilBrazilBrazil
KoreaKoreaKoreaKorea KoreaKoreaKoreaKorea
ChileChileChileChile
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Brazilian propolis
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Main Propolis Types
Poplar Populus, mostly P. nigra
In the temperate climatic zone of Asia, Europe and America
Green propolisBaccharis dracunculifolia
Brazil
(Bogdanov and Gallman, 2007)
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European typeEuropean type
Brazilian typeBrazilian type
●●●●Populus type
●●●● max absorption=292 nm
●●●●flavonoids
(pinocembrin, chrysin,
pinobanksin, etc)
●●●●Baccharis type
●●●●max absorption=300 nm
●●●●artepillin C
200 250 300 350 400
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
292 nm
200 250 300 350 400
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
300 nm
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-1-1-1-1
-0.5-0.5-0.5-0.5
0000
0.50.50.50.5
1111
1.51.51.51.5
2222
-1-1-1-1 -0.5-0.5-0.5-0.5 0000 0.50.50.50.5 1111
Flavonoid typeFlavonoid typeFlavonoid typeFlavonoid typeFlavonoid typeFlavonoid typeFlavonoid typeFlavonoid type
========PopulusPopulusPopulusPopulusPopulusPopulusPopulusPopulus typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype
nonnonnonnonnonnonnonnon--------flavonoid typeflavonoid typeflavonoid typeflavonoid typeflavonoid typeflavonoid typeflavonoid typeflavonoid type
Okinawa typeOkinawa typeOkinawa typeOkinawa type
BaccharisBaccharisBaccharisBaccharis typetypetypetype
====Brazilian typeBrazilian typeBrazilian typeBrazilian type
miscellaneous type miscellaneous type miscellaneous type miscellaneous type
PC1PC1PC1PC1
Russia, Japan, Korea, China, USA, NZ, Australia,
Hungary, Bulgaria, Argentina, Uruguay
Chejudo, Vietnam, Thailand, Congo, South Africa, Mexico,
Cuba, Japan
PCPCPCPC2222
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J1J1J1J1----aaaa
J1J1J1J1----bbbb
J1J1J1J1----ccccJ2J2J2J2
J3J3J3J3J4J4J4J4
J5J5J5J5----aaaaJ5J5J5J5----bbbb
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現代化学
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オオバギオオバギオオバギオオバギMacaranga tanariusMacaranga tanariusMacaranga tanariusMacaranga tanarius
(Euphorbiaceae)
Kumazawa el al. (2007)
Bitten fruit
20Artepillin C
CAPE
Propolone B
Propolin A
Naringenin
Other types (examples)
Dalbergia ecastophyllim
(Cuba, Brazil)
Clusia spp.
(Cuba, Venezuel, Brazil)
And others from Pacific Islands, and Kangaroo Island (Australia) as well as European and Russian propolis
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Preparations and Products
Standardization
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MAIN TYPES OF PROPOLIS PRODUCTS
1. ETHANOL EXTRACT
2. SUPER CRITICAL EXTRACTION (Carbon Dioxide)
3. MICELLIZED EXTRACTION
4. WATER EXTRACT
5. DRIED PRODUCTS (in CAPSULE, POWDER, etc.)
OIL EXTRACT IS NEWLY APPLIED
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Propolis Propolis productsproducts
tincture, aqueous liquid, drink,powder, capsules, tablets, candy, lip balm, teeth paste, cream, food additives
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Japan Propolis Conference (EEP, ethanol >50 %) (1990,1997)1. Dry material: more than 8 % (w/v)2. Quercetin: should be detected (by HPLC or other methods)3. UV maximum: between 270 – 310 nm
Japan Health Food & Nutrition Food Association (1997, modified)(for Extracted Propolis (containing) Food)
1. Flavonoid reaction: positive (orange/red with Al + HCl)2. p-Cumaric acid/cinnamic acid should be detected by HPLC3. Total flavonoids (equivalent as quercetin)
Brazilian*: more than 1.9 %Chinese**: more than 4.6 %
* 99.5 / 80 ethanol extraction ratio < 1.0 (country name is an example)** the above ratio > 1.0 (country name is an example)
CRITERIA OF PROPOLIS PRODUCTS IN JAPAN
Standardization
IHC proposes minimal values for poplar type propolis:
Resin 45 %; Phenolics 21 %;
Flavones 4 %; Flavanones 4 %.
Brazilian (green) propolis:
More study needed
Other typles of propolis:
Chemical research is advancing
not yet for comercial products
Market and Future
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Market size of propolis in Japan is ca. 3 billion US$, which is influenced by economic and politic situation.
This year propolis is expected to be effective to FLU condition due to antiviral and immunomodulating activities.
Propolis as health supplement is supported by health-oriented people.
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・More research needed
・Evidence-based applications
・Information is important
Propolis
Thank you for your attention.
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Classes SubstancesResins 40-60 %
Phenolics
Phenols, phenolic acids, esters, flavanons, dihydroflavanons, flavons, flavonols, chalkones, phenolic glycerides
Wax: 20-30 % Beeswax substances
Essential oils max. 10 %
Volatiles
Mono- and Sesquiterpenes
others: ca. 5 % Minerals, carbohydrates
Composition of Poplar propolis
Poplar propolis is best studied: several hundred substances are identified
Zn, Fe, Mn, Se, Si, Cu
(Bogdanov and Gallman, 2007)
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Poplar propolis: standardisation for
biologically active compounds
Methods: Popova et al.2004
Results: Bankova et al. , Apidologie 2007
Phenolics Minimum 19%
Flavones and flavonols
Minimum 4%
Flavanones and dihydroflavonols
Minimum 4%
(Bogdanov and Gallman, 2007)
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・ Medicine-like description on the products label
・ Explanations indicating medical effects of propolis
are strictly prohibited in Japan.
CONCEPT 1: HEALTH FOOD = DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
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The concept is now newly (re-)introduced
Related societies were established in 1998
JCAM: Jpn. Soc. for Complementary & Alternative
Medicine & Treatment
JACT: Jpn. Assoc. for Altern. Complem. and
Traditional Medicine
These may be based on traditional Chinese medicine
and also directing Evidence-based considerations
CONCEPT 2: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
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Holistic trend in APITHERAPY
in Integrative Medicine
The trends is leading to the third CONCEPT
Thank you for your attention
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Recent News on Propolis +
1. 1000 Articles in 2008 (PubMed)
2. Apimedica Conference (2006-)
3. WPSF (2007, 2008, ---)
4. Publication of JAAS from IBRA
(Journal of Apiproduct and Apimedical Science, 2009-)
5. Okinawan propolis
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Artepillin C :a diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid derivativeBankova et al. (2009); Estrrada et al. (2008)
antimicrobial (Aga et al., 1994)apoptosis-inducing (Matsuno et al., 1997)
antioxidant (Hayashi et al., 1999) anticarcinogenic (Kimoto et al., 2001 b)anticolon cancer (Shimizu et al., 2006)
antiviral (Fisher et al., 2007)antiinflammatory (Paulino et al., 2008)
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Kano et al. (2008)
Artepillin C derived from Propolis induces Neurite Outgrowth Neurochemical Res. 33(9): 1795-803
(Collabo. with Yamada Bee Lab.
(Inst. Bee Products & Health Sci.)and Kibi Int. Univ.