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DIVISION 08 00 00 OPENINGS

DOORS

A door is a movable structure used to open and close an entrance, typically consisting of a panel that

swings on hinges or that slides or spins inside a space.

When open, doors admit people, animal, ventilation, and light. The door is used to control the

physical atmosphere within a space by enclosing the air drafts, so that interiors may be more effectively

heated or cooled. Doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire. They act as a barrier to noise.Most doors are equipped with locking mechanisms to allow entrance to certain people and keep out

others.

Doors are used to screen areas of a building for aesthetics, keeping formal and utility areas separate.

Doors also have an aesthetic role in creating an impression of what lies beyond. Doors are

often symbolically endowed with ritual purposes, and the guarding or receiving of the keys to a door, or

being granted access to a door can have special significance.Similarly, doors and doorways frequently

appear in metaphorical or allegorical situations, literature and the arts, often as a portent of change.

Design and Styles

A Half Door or Dutch Door or stable door is divided in half horizontally. Traditionally the top half can be

opened to allow a horse or other animal to be fed, while the bottom half remained closed to keep the

animal inside. This style of door has been adapted for homes.

Saloon Doors are a pair of lightweight swing doors often found in public bars, and especially associated

with the American west. Saloon doors, also known as Caf Doors, often use bidirectional hinges which

close the door regardless of which direction it is opened by incorporating springs. Saloon doors that only

extend from knee-level to chest-level are known as batwing doors.

A Blind Door or Gibb door is a door with no visible trim or operable components. It is designed to blend

with the adjacent wall in all finishes, and visually to be a part of the wall, a disguised door.

A Barn Door is a door characteristic of a barn. They are often/always found on barns, and because of a

barn's immense size (often) doors are subsequently big for utility.

A French Door is a door (installed singly or as one of a matching pair or series) consisting of a frame

around one or more transparent and/or translucent panels (called lights or lites); it is also called

a French window as it resembles a door-height casement window. A pair of French doors does not

generally include a central mullion (as do some casement window pairs), thus allowing a wider

unobstructed opening. The frame typically requires a weather strip at floor level and where the doors

meet to prevent water ingress. An espagnolette bolt allows the head and foot of each door to be

secured in one movement. The slender window joinery maximizes light though into the room and

minimizes the visual impact of the doorway joinery when considered externally

A Louvered Door has fixed or movable wooden fins (often called slats or louvers) which permit open

ventilation while preserving privacy and preventing the passage of light to the interior. Being relatively

weak structures, they are most commonly used for wardrobes and drying rooms, where security is of

less importance than good ventilation, although a very similar structure is commonly used to form

window shutters.

A Composite Door is a single leaf door that can be solid or with glass, and is usually filled with high

density foam. Most composite doors carry Secured by Design accreditation and PAS 23 and PAS 24.

Design and Styles

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A Flush Door is a completely smooth door, having plywood or MDF fixed over a light timber frame, the

hollow parts of which are often filled with a cardboard core material. Skins can also be made out of

hardboards, the first of which was invented by William H Mason in 1924. Called Masonite, its

construction involved pressing and steaming wood chips into boards. Flush doors are most commonly

employed in the interior of a dwelling, although slightly more substantial versions are occasionally used

as exterior doors, especially within hotels and other buildings containing many independent dwellings.

A Ledge and Brace Door is a door made from multiple vertical planks fixed together by two horizontal

planks (the ledges) and kept square by a diagonal plank (the brace).

Plank and batten doors - Plank and batten doors are an older design consisting primarily of vertical slats:

Planks - Vertical boards that extend the full height of the door, and are placed side by side filling

the door's width.

Battens - Smaller slats that extend horizontally across the door which the planks are affixed to.

The battens hold the planks together. Sometimes a long diagonal slat or two are also

implemented to prevent the door from skewing. On some doors, especially antique ones, the

battens are replaced with iron bars that are often built into the hinges as extensions of the door-

side plates.

A Wicket Door is a pedestrian door built into a much larger door allowing access without requiring theopening of the larger door. Examples might be found on the ceremonial door of a cathedral or in a large

vehicle door in a garage or hangar.

A Bifold Door is a door unit that has several sections, folding in pairs. Wood is the most common

material, and doors may also be metal or glass. Bifolds are most commonly made for closets, but may

also be used as units between rooms.

A Sliding Glass Door, sometimes called an Arcadia door or a Patio door, is a door made of glass that

slides open and sometimes has a screen (a removable metal mesh that covers the door).

A Bypass Door is a door unit that has two or more sections. The doors can slide in either

direction along one axis on parallel overhead tracks, sliding past each other. They are mostcommonly used in closets, in order to access one side of the closet at a time. The doors in a

bypass unit will overlap slightly when viewed from the front, in order not to have a visible gap

between them.

Doors which slide between two wall panels are called Pocket Doors.

Sliding glass doors are common in many houses, particularly as an entrance to the backyard.

Such doors are also popular for use for the entrances to commercial structures.

A Revolving Door normally has several wings/leaves that hang on a central shaft forming

compartments which rotate one way about a vertical axis. Doors using four wings are most

common, but there are also examples with two, three, or six wings. The door may be motorised,

or pushed manually using pushbars. People can walk out of and into the building at the same

time. Between the point of access and the point of exit the user walks through an airlock.

Revolving doors therefore create a good seal from the outside and help to reduce A/C and

heating costs climate control from the building. This type of door is also often seen as a mark of

prestige and glamour for a building and it not unusual for neighbouring buildings to install their

own revolving doors when a rival building gets one.

Up-and-over or Overhead doors are often used in garages. Instead of hinges it has a mechanism, often

counterbalanced or sprung, that allows it to be lifted so that it rests horizontally above the opening. A

roller shutter or sectional overhead door is one variant of this type.

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Tambour Door is an up-and-over door made of narrow horizontal slats and "rolls" up and down by

sliding along vertical tracks and is typically found in entertainment centers and cabinets.

Rebated Doors, a term chiefly used in Britain, are double doors having a lip (i.e. a Rabbet) on the vertical

edge where they meet.

Impact-resistant doors have rounded stile edges to dissipate energy and minimize edge

chipping, scratching and denting. The formed edges are often made of an engineered material

such as Acrovyn. Impact-resistant doors excel in high traffic areas such as hospitals, schools, and

hotels.

Door Dimensions

600mm (bathroom), 700mm (service door), 800mm (bedroom), 900mm (main door) and add 100mm for

frame on sides and more for any additional support

height is 2100 mm add gap below 6mm and 50mm frame on top

Door Components

Panel doors

Panel doors, also called stile and rail doors, are built with frame and panel construction:

Stiles - Vertical boards that run the full height of a door and compose its right and left edges. The hinges

are mounted to the fixed side (known as the "hanging stile"), and the handle, lock, bolt, and/or latch are

mounted on the swinging side (known as the "latch stile").

Rails - Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in the middle of a door that join the two

stiles and split the door into two or more rows of panels. The "top rail" and "bottom rail" are named for

their positions. The bottom rail is also known as "kick rail". A middle rail at the height of the bolt is

known as the "lock rail", other middle rails are commonly known as "cross rails".

Mullions - Smaller optional vertical boards that run between two rails, and split the door into two or

more columns of panels, the term is used sometimes for verticals in doors, but more often (UK andAustralia) it refers to verticals in windows.

Muntin - Optional vertical members that divide the door into smaller panels.

Panels - Large, wider boards used to fill the space between the stiles, rails, and mullions. The panels

typically fit into grooves in the other pieces, and help to keep the door rigid. Panels may be flat, or in

raised panel designs.

Light or Lite - a piece of glass used in place of a panel, essentially giving the door a window.

Lintel - A horizontal beam above a door that supports the wall above it. (Also known as a header)

Jambs - The vertical posts that form the sides of a door frame, where the hinges are mounted, and with

which the bolt interacts.

Sill - A horizontal beam below the door that supports the frame

Doorstop - a thin slat built inside the frame to prevent a door from swinging through when closed, which

might break the hinges.

Architrave - The decorative molding that outlines a door frame. (called an Archivolt if the door is

arched). Called door casing or brickmoldin North America.

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Special Function Doors

Sliding Industrial Door

o For industrial purposes

Fire and Service Sliding Doors

o Mostly, for cases with connection to fire and for service ways

Pharmaceutical Doors

o Use in hospitals

Cold Storage Doors

o Swing Doors

o Cold Storage Sliding Doors

o Cold Storage Vertical Doors

Hangar Doors

o For airplanes

Custom Hangar Doors

Multi-directional Hangar Doors

Bi-Parting Hangar Doors

Slide To One Side Hangar Door

Bi-fold Hangar Door

Radiation Protector Door

o Must be thick enough to protect us from radiation. Mostly used in hospitals.

Thermal Shielding Doors

o For protection from too much heat.

Sound Control Doors

o Mostly uses in studios, conference room so that any noises inside the room cant be

heard from the outside.

Smoke Containment Barrier and Curtain Wall

Closet Doors Sliding Doors

Bi-fold Doors

Air Curtain Doors

Folding Doors and Grilles

Panel Doors

Commercial Overhead Doors

o Residential Garage Doors

3 panels

4 panels

5 panels

6 or more panels

Flushing or no paneling

o Vertical Lift

Traffic Doors

Pressure Resistant Doors

Blast-Resistant Door

Bullet-Resistant Door

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Flood Barriers

Hurricane-Resistant Door

Curtain Walls

A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are

non-structural, but merely keep out the weather. As the curtain wall is non-structural it can

be made of a lightweight material reducing construction costs. When glass is used as the

curtain wall, a great advantage is that natural light can penetrate deeper within the building

Curtain Wall Systems are typically designed with extruded aluminum members,

although the first curtain walls were made of steel. The aluminium frame is typically infilled

with glass, which provides an architecturally pleasing building, as well as benefits such as

daylighting

Curtain walls differ from store-front systems in that they are designed to span multiple floors.

Systems and Principles

Stick systems

o The vast majority of curtain walls are installed long pieces (referred to as sticks)

between floors vertically and between vertical members horizontally. Framing

members may be fabricated in a shop, but all installation and glazing is typically

performed at the jobsite.

Unitized systems

o Unitized curtain walls entail factory fabrication and assembly of panels and may

include factory glazing. These completed units are hung on the building structure to

form the building enclosure. Unitized curtain wall has the advantages of: speed;

lower field installation costs; and quality control within an interior climate

controlled environment. The economic benefits are typically realized on large

projects or in areas of high field labor rates

Rain-screen principle

o

A common feature in curtain wall technology, the rainscreen principle theorizes thatequilibrium of air pressure between the outside and inside of the "rainscreen"

prevents water penetration into the building itself

Dual Airloop System/ TingWall

o The dual airloop system improves on the performance of earlier unitized curtain

walls employing the rainscreen principle of separating rain from wind to lessen

reliance on "perfect" seals

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Windows

An opening constructed in a wall or roof that functions to admit l ight or air to an enclosure and isoften framed and spanned with glass mounted to permit opening and closing.

Window types:

Single hung

Double hung

Casement

Sliding

Hopper

Awning

Fixed

Bay

Metal Windows

Aluminum Windows

o Advantages

-Durability

-Affordability

-Design Flexibility

-Lightweight

-Recyclability

-Highly fire resistant-Rust-resistant

o Disadvantages

-Prone to denting and scratching

-Poor insulator. Readily conducts heat

and cold easily

Bronze window

o Advantages

-Durable and long-lasting

-Create an elegant, stylized

apearance

-Highly fire-resistant,

weatherproof

-Sound resistant

o Disadvantages

-Expensive

-Deteriorate rapidly if exposed to

moisture and chlorides or sulphides

Steel Windows

o Advantages

-Highly durable

-Strength Level is High

-Numerous Designs Available

-Fire and Weather Resistant

o Disadvantages

-Heavy

-Susceptible to corrosion

-Expensive

Stainless Steel windows

o Advantages

-High corrosion resistance,

-Fire and heat resistance

-Hygienic, non-porous, easy

cleaning ability

-Easily maintained

-Resistance to impact even at

extreme temperature

variations.

-Long-term value

o Disadvantages

-High Cost

Wood Windows

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o Advantages

-Provide beauty, warmth and

style

-Environmental friendly

-provide long life

-Good insulator

o Disadvantages

-Expensive and costly material with a

finite resource.

-Prone to splintering, impact damage

and denting

-Burns readily

-Prone to termite attack

Plastic Windows

Vinyl Windows

o Advantages

-Maintenance free

-Good insulator

-Extremely weather resistant

-Naturally impact resistant

-Highly fire resistant

-Economical

o Disadvantages

-Need an occasional round of window

cleaning

-Colors for vinyl windows are mostly

limited

-Not particularly strong or rigid

-Have the tendency to discolor over

time

Composite windows

Fiberglass Windowso Advantages

-Structural Strength

-Climate Durability

-Design Flexibility

-Low Maintenance

-Resistance to Rotting, Splitting,

Warping, Corroding

Disadvantages

-Availability may be an issue

-Expensive-May be available only in limited

colors

-Difficult to repair

-Color Fading

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Special Function Windows

Basement Well -A device installed outside of a window in a foundation to allow grading and not

cover the window with earth. A window well works like a dam to hold soil away from a window

that is located partially below grade

Storm windows are windows which are mounted outside or inside of the main glass windows of

a house. Can be made of glass, rigid plastic panels, or flexible plastic sheets; and may be

permanently or temporarily mounted

Impact Resistant Windows Impact windows are what you want if you want your house to have

a better chance of surviving a hurricane.

Sound Control windows act as a sound barrier and eliminate noise problem.

Glass Blocks are a versatile building material you can use for windows, stairwells, shower

screens, paving, interior and exterior walls. It allows up to 79% of natural light to pass through

and reduce noise by up to 45 db

Detention window- A narrow, metal awning window manufactured especially for the security

of prisons and mental institutions.

Blast resistant windows are special type of window that resist explosive threats in the

environment

Pass-through windows are windows in a wall that allow items to be passed back and forth.

Usually, they are between a kitchen and a dining area

A drive-through window- is a type of service window provided by a business that allows

customers to purchase products without leaving their cars.

ROOF WINDOWS

operable windows incorporated at part of the design of a roof

a good option when there is a desire to allow both light and fresh air into the space

tends to be larger than a skylight

it is possible to retract a portion of the glazed panes to allow in fresh air as well as enjoy

the natural light

normally included in the original construction of the building

possible to add the design feature to an existing structure

can be installed by a professional in a matter of hours

considered when it is within the reach of the occupants

Skylights

are light transmitting fenestration forming all, or a portion of, the roof of a building

space

are used to convey abundant daylight or toplighting

provide a connection to the outdoor environment to occupants

often to help fresh outside air enter the space below

the most effective source of daylight on a unit area basis

http://en.mimi.hu/home/device.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/outside.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/window.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/foundation.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/window.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/soil.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/window.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/grade.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/grade.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/window.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/soil.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/window.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/foundation.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/window.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/outside.htmlhttp://en.mimi.hu/home/device.html

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Style and functionality

FIXED SKYLIGHT- is one that doesn't move or open. It's sole purpose is to allow light into

a room.

UNIT SKYLIGHTS

are standard factory assembled products ready for installation

come complete with glazing, retainer caps, battens, trim, gutters, flashing, gaskets,

sealants, and fasteners may be either non-operable or operable to allow for ventilation

typically used for areas where more natural light is desired than can be achieved with

windows

add drama to a space while reducing the need for artificial light

TUBULAR SKYLIGHTS

allow natural sunlight to be directed from the rooftop down through a highly reflective

tube, and then diffused at the ceiling level

capture direct and ambient light, providing exceptional illumination, even on cloudy

days and in early morning or late afternoon when the sun is low in the sky

the inside of this tube is covered in a highly reflective metal coating, which sends the

light bouncing off the metal and into the small room or hallway that is at the other end

of the tube

prevents carpeting and furniture from experiencing the sun damage that other skylights

can cause

VENTILATING SKYLIGHTS (OPERABLE)

controlled by a remote, hand crank, or automatically by the temperature inside your

house

have the ability to open and allow air to pass through

are great for homes that need a little extra breeze and circulation

are typically hinged on one end and open and close on command

SOLAR-TRACKING SKYLIGHTS

designed to maximize the use of sunlight for indoor lighting

can result in significant energy savings, as well as more uniform distribution of daylight

throughout your home or business

essentially use mirrors to track the sun's course during the day

does not require an external power source, which creates further energy savings

up to four times the light levels in the space below compared with conventional

skylights

FIBER-OPTIC SKYLIGHTS

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are made of PMMA (PolyMethylMethAcrylate) and sheeted with Megolon, a halogen-

free thermoplastic resin

a system as this however is quite expensive

requires a parabolic collector to track the sun and concentrate its light

intended for light transportneed to propagate as much light as possible within the core;

in contrast, optical fibers intended for light distribution are designed to let part of the

light leak through their cladding

DAYLIGHTING

the practice of placing windows or other openings and reflective surfaces so that during

the day natural light provides effective internal lighting

when the aim is to maximize visual comfort or to reduce energy use

SKYLIGHT MATERIALS

Acrylic. Acrylic is the most common and economical synthetic glazing available. It allows

you to choose from a variety of tints, UV resistance levels and between single or double

glazed applications.

Lexan. Lexan is a synthetic glazing material similar to acrylic that is impact resistant

against airborne debris. Lexan is used on skylights in hurricane-prone regions.

Laminated Glass. Also used in hurricane-prone areas, laminated glass is available in both

monolithic and insulated performance glass and can be used with Low E coatings,

reflective coatings, and numerous tints and inert glass fillings. Laminated glass is not

available in dome skylights.

Benefits of daylighting with skylights

The concept is simple; more daylighting means less artificial light and fewer square feet

of necessary glazing, thus saving significant energy and resulting in lower financial and

environmental costs.

Toplighting is able to bring light into centralized areas of a building.

Daylight is available throughout the day from both ambient lighting from the sky and

direct exposure to the sun.

modern transparent and/or translucent glazing can be utilized to avoid glare, aid in

capturing sunlight at low angles and diffuse light to wider areas of floor space

Even on a cloudy day, toplighting is three to ten times more efficient than sidelighting.

mainly intended to increase thermal performance, some are focused on preserving and

utilizing daylight potential and some are designed to enhance strength, durability, fire

resistance and other performance measures.

CAUTION

Light from skylights can fade carpeting and furniture in its direct path.

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GLAZING

This section specifies glass, plastic, related glazing materials and accessories. Glazing products

specified apply to factory or field glazed items.

Glass

Types of Glass

Float Glass

gets its name from the modern process used to create large, thin, flat panels from

molten glass. The molten glass is passed onto a pool of molten tin. This process

produces a very smooth piece of glass with a highly consistent thickness.

Annealed Glass

is a piece of float glass that has been cooled in a slow and controlled manner. This slow

cooling process reduces the internal stresses within the sheet of glass so that it

becomes stronger. Float glass is generally annealed. Annealed glass will break into

large and sharp shards or pieces. Due to safety concerns, annealed glass is rarely used

in buildings.

Heat Strengthened Glass

- The glass is only about twice as strong as annealed glass. Heat strengthened

glass will break into smaller pieces than annealed glass. Heat strengthened glass is

rarely used in buildings except when it is laminated.

Fully Tempered Glass

Fully tempered glass is a safety glass that will shatter into small granular pieces, which

reduces the risk of injury. It is ideally used as a safety glass where the glazing may need

to be broken out of the frame in an emergency.

Laminated Glass

Laminated glass is made by fusing two or more layers of glass with inter-layers of

polyvinyl butyral (PVB) through the use of heat and pressure. The process creates a

safety glass. Laminated glass is best used as a safety glass where the glazing must

remain intact if it is broken - either for safety or security.

Wire Glass

Wire glass is actually less strong than annealed glass because the integrated wire

disrupts the continuity of the glass structure. Wire glass is not considered to be safety

glass. Wire glass is most often used as a fire resistant glass. In addition, the wire holds

the broken glass in place under pressure from a fire hose.

Insulated Glass Unit (IGU)

Insulated glass units (IGU) are double or triple glass window panes separated by an air

or other gas filled space to reduce heat transfer across a part of the building envelope

The sheets of glass are tempered or laminated for safety, and are generally 1/4" thick

with a 1/2" air space.

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Low-Emissivity Glass

is glass that has a special coating that reflects the infrared portions of light, while

letting the visible light spectrum through. This is beneficial because the infrared heat

from the sun is reflected away from the building in the summer and during the winter

the infrared heat that is already inside a building is reflected back into the space.

Glass Surface

Glass surfaces are identified by number

starting with the exterior surface, which is always Surface Number 1. Each pane of glass

has two surfaces, so there are always an even number of glass surfaces in any glazing

unit.

Single Pane - Glass Surface Numbers

Double Pane - Glass Surface Numbers

Triple Pane - Glass Surface Numbers

Decorative Glass Glazing

Textured

Colored-Laminated

Decorative Painted

Acid-etched

Mirrors

an object that reflects light or sound in a way that preserves much of its original quality

subsequent to its contact with the mirror. A reflective surface, glass coated with a metal

amalgam, that reflects a clear image.

Types of Mirrors

Plane mirrors

are simple straight up mirrors. In a plane mirror, the image is always virtual and the

same size as the object.

Convex mirror

reflects light outward.The images it produces are distorted. They are smaller than the

actual object reflected and are always upright.

makes objects look smaller, it is able to reflect a larger area than a plane mirror.

Concave

has a reflecting surface that bulges inward. It reflects light inward to one focal point.

They are used to focus light. It shows different image types depending on the distance

between the object and the mirror.

Mirrored Glass Glazing

designed to create privacy effect during daylight hours, You can see out and prying eyes

cannot see in.

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Mirrored Plastic Glazing

shatter resistant with extensive design flexibility. Safer than glass with ten times the

break resistance, acrylic mirror lends itself to many different applications.

a highly reflective material.

Plastic Glazing

an ideal replacement for glass glazing.

Clear Cast Acrylic

is easier to fabricate and will not melt when cutting or fabricating.

is 10 times stronger than glass and half the weight

It is clearer than glass and will not yellow under normal exposure

will withstand exposure to blazing sun, extreme cold, sudden temperature

changes, salt water spray, etc.

Clear Extruded Acrylic

it has a very hard surface making it slightly more resistant to scuffing or

scratching

has a lower molecular mass which makes it extremely formable and is therefore

suitable for vacuum forming.

used for temporary glazing panels due to its low cost and relatively high impact

strength

Clear Polycarbonate

are made from polycarbonate which will give you an idea of the incredible

strength of this material

has the resistance of up to 200 times better than glass

these sheets are the basis of good protective screening for situations where

safety is paramount, whether it be the passive safety of a balcony screen or an

active safety barrier around "at risk" personnel.

Clear Rigid PVC

Low cost Excellent chemical resistance

Good resistance to stress

cracking

Good impact strength

Good weatherability

Flame retardant

Low coefficient of linear

thermal expansion

Excellent electrical insulation Ease of processing

- Can be machined

- Can be hot formed

- Can be welded

- Suitable for hot shaping

- Suitable for vacuum

forming

- Can be glued

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Decorated Plastic Glazing

Decorative Acrylic Sheets

PVC Window Film

Decorative Polycarbonate Sheet

Glazing Accessories

Flat Glass Packer

Wedge Glass Packer

Bridge Packers

Frame Packers

Drain Hole Covers

Locking Wedges

Handle Wedges

Cill End Caps

Internal Cill Cover

Run Up Blocks

Glazing Shovels

Corner Protectors

Screw Hole Covers

Fixing Lugs

Corner Glazing Blocks

Glazing Surface Films

Solar Control Films

a micro-thin film made of polyester(PET) and metalized coating bonded by

adhesives that is installed on the glass surface to provide significant solar

protection.

screens out the solar heat, harmful ultraviolet rays(UV) and uncomfortable

glare.

Safety Films

designed with layers of polyester, which provides a protective barrier against

external conditions.

These also offers protection from the sun's rays by reducing interior damage

caused by fading and provides energy improve indoor comfort like

solar control film.

Security Film

prevents thieves from breaking the glass and stealing your displayed items

this film can work almost as well as bulletproof glass, but at half the cost

Special Function Glazing

Hurricane-Resistant Glazing

it can stand the high wind pressure and impact of severe storms and hurricanes.

Cable Suspended Glazing

Transparent Mirrored Glazing

a mineral glass that has been coated on both sides with an optical interference coating

which enables a degree of both reflection and transparency in the material.

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Radiation-Resistant Glazing

used for windows and protective screens at medical facilities, where X-rays and

radioactive materials are often employed.

Ballistics Resistant Glazing

a type of strong but optically transparent material that is particularly resistant to being

penetrated when struck by bullets, but like all other known materials, is not completely

impenetrable.

Vents and Louvers

Vents

a small opening that allows fresh air to enter or stale air, gas, smoke, or steam to escape

Wall Vents

are typically used for air intake or exhaust applications.

Soffit Vent

Prefabricated soffit material with perforated or slotted openings created for the

purpose of providing and enhancing intake roof ventilation.

Louvers

Each of a set of angled slats or flat strips fixed or hung at regular intervals in a door, shutter,

or screen to allow air or light to pass through.

Wall Louvers

An external venting piece on a side wall of the home that connects to the duct on the

range hood.

Motorized Wall Louvers

Operable Wall Louvers

Fixed Louvers

Louvers that are fastened in a frame in one position only, and can not have their

pitch altered

Door Louvers