Division in AmericaDivision in America

19651965

By now, most men in the military By now, most men in the military were draftees – not volunteerswere draftees – not volunteers

More than 1.5 million men drafted More than 1.5 million men drafted for the Vietnam Warfor the Vietnam War

All males required to register at All males required to register at 18!18!

College students and College students and men who worked in men who worked in certain occupations were certain occupations were granted defermentsgranted deferments

Most who served were Most who served were working class or poorworking class or poor

African Americans were African Americans were more likely to serve in more likely to serve in combat toocombat too

Many burned their draft Many burned their draft cards in protestcards in protest

19681968

Johnson decides not to run againJohnson decides not to run again

Democratic ticketDemocratic ticket

Eugene McCarthy – Senator for Eugene McCarthy – Senator for MN who was antiwar MN who was antiwar

Bobby Kennedy – also anti warBobby Kennedy – also anti war

Robert KennedyRobert Kennedy

After winning the After winning the ticket at the ticket at the California primary California primary was gunned down.was gunned down.

Hubert Humphrey Hubert Humphrey chosen to run – was chosen to run – was Johnson’s VP – not too Johnson’s VP – not too many happy peoplemany happy people

Democratic Nat’l ConventionDemocratic Nat’l Convention

As delegates arrived, so did As delegates arrived, so did protestersprotesters

Massive violence – so many Massive violence – so many against the Democrats and what against the Democrats and what Johnson didJohnson did

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epxmX_58tOo

Nixon and HumphreyNixon and Humphrey

Nixon wins – Nixon wins – most people most people wanted wanted change – change – republican republican electedelected

““peace with peace with honor”honor”

Winding Down the WarWinding Down the War Nixon’s Campaign Promise- 1968Nixon’s Campaign Promise- 1968 WINNING THE PEACEWINNING THE PEACE

During the campaign, Nixon claimed to have a "secret plan" to end the war. In the final days of During the campaign, Nixon claimed to have a "secret plan" to end the war. In the final days of the election, much was riding on the success or failure of the Paris Peace Talks with the the election, much was riding on the success or failure of the Paris Peace Talks with the North Vietnamese. .

''Every American wants peace in Viet Nam. The question is what kind of peace. The war must be ''Every American wants peace in Viet Nam. The question is what kind of peace. The war must be ended, but in a way that does not encourage aggression and thereby sow the seeds of future wars.ended, but in a way that does not encourage aggression and thereby sow the seeds of future wars.

''Beyond this, we need a new diplomacy -- one that looks past Viet Nam to the prevention of future ''Beyond this, we need a new diplomacy -- one that looks past Viet Nam to the prevention of future wars, and one that enlists other nations more fully in their own defense.wars, and one that enlists other nations more fully in their own defense.

"In Korea, and again in Viet Nam, America furnished most of the money and most of the arms -- and "In Korea, and again in Viet Nam, America furnished most of the money and most of the arms -- and most of the men.most of the men.

"America is a big country. But there are only 200 million Americans, and there are more than 2 "America is a big country. But there are only 200 million Americans, and there are more than 2 billion people who live in the free world. We need a new diplomacy that will get other nations with a billion people who live in the free world. We need a new diplomacy that will get other nations with a stake in the defense of peace and freedom to bear their share of the burden. And we need a new stake in the defense of peace and freedom to bear their share of the burden. And we need a new diplomacy that will insure that, if the people of a friendly nation again are threatened, we help them diplomacy that will insure that, if the people of a friendly nation again are threatened, we help them fight the war but we don't fight the war for them."fight the war but we don't fight the war for them."

Cambodian Incursion 1969-1970Cambodian Incursion 1969-1970

Nixon secretly widened Nixon secretly widened the war to force the North the war to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate.Vietnamese to negotiate.

Secret bombing of North Secret bombing of North Vietnamese and Vietnamese and Cambodian bases in Cambodian bases in CambodiaCambodia

While enlarging the war While enlarging the war Nixon also began to Nixon also began to withdraw troops.withdraw troops.

In 1970, the communists in In 1970, the communists in Cambodia overthrew the leader Cambodia overthrew the leader

U.S. and South Vietnamese U.S. and South Vietnamese concerned with Vietcong and concerned with Vietcong and North Vietnamese bases located North Vietnamese bases located in Cambodia in Cambodia

President Nixon gave the President Nixon gave the approval for an April, 30, 1970 approval for an April, 30, 1970 attack in Cambodia attack in Cambodia

Anti-War Protests 1969Anti-War Protests 1969

In the US the Cambodian In the US the Cambodian incursion sparked incursion sparked renewed Anti-War renewed Anti-War reactions. Demonstrations reactions. Demonstrations got louder and stronger. got louder and stronger.

Nixon appeals to the Nixon appeals to the “Silent Majority” for “Silent Majority” for support of the war.support of the war.

Kent State May 4, 1970Kent State May 4, 1970

Protests against the Cambodian Incursion at Kent State University in Ohio caused the Governor to call out the National Guard. A frightened guard unit opened fire at the unarmed protestors killing 4. More that 80 colleges and universities suspended classes.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENc49KhI8Xk

Nixon and VietnamizationNixon and Vietnamization

The plan was to The plan was to encourage the South encourage the South Vietnamese to take Vietnamese to take more responsibility . more responsibility .

Hoped that this policy Hoped that this policy would enable the United would enable the United States to withdraw States to withdraw gradually from Vietnam.gradually from Vietnam.

July 1969, the 540,000 July 1969, the 540,000 US troops were to be US troops were to be reduced by 25,000.reduced by 25,000.

Ho Chi Minh TrailHo Chi Minh Trail

The US could The US could never slow the never slow the flow of supplies to flow of supplies to the the Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh TrailTrail and this was and this was crucial to keep the crucial to keep the Guerrilla war Guerrilla war

going.going.

Vietnam 1970Vietnam 1970

N Vietnam invades Laos N Vietnam invades Laos Feb. 21 - defeated Hmong Feb. 21 - defeated Hmong army army

Invades Cambodia Apr. 30 – Invades Cambodia Apr. 30 – 32,000 U.S. troops attack 32,000 U.S. troops attack

for 2 months - destroy NV for 2 months - destroy NV suppliessupplies

set back NV plans for 2 set back NV plans for 2 years - a military success years - a military success but political disasterbut political disaster

Fall of Vietnam and Indochina- 1975Fall of Vietnam and Indochina- 1975

VietnamVietnam – Fall of Saigon Apr. Fall of Saigon Apr.

29, 1975- 29, 1975- Ambassador Ambassador Graham Martin and Graham Martin and 7100 U.S. and SV 7100 U.S. and SV personnel evacuated personnel evacuated Apr. 30, 1975Apr. 30, 1975

CambodiaCambodia– Khmer RougeKhmer Rouge

LaosLaos– Pathet Lao and Pol Pathet Lao and Pol

PotPot

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Answer Answer numbers numbers

1-2 and 4-61-2 and 4-6