division of the historical knowledge prehistorical/stone age (c.3.000.000.000 – 3.000 bc)...
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DIVISION OF THE HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Prehistorical/Stone Age (c.3.000.000.000 – 3.000 BC) Historical Age
(3.000 BC – nowadays)
c. 3.000 BC invention of writing by the Sumerians (cuneiform writing)
Stone Age
Mesolithic Age(12.000 – 6.800 BC)
Paleolithic Age Neolithic Age(2.000.000 – 12.000 BC) (6.800 –
3.200 BC)
DURING THE PALEOLITHIC AGE, THE FIRST HUMAN BEING APPEARED ON EARTH
The “Archanthropos” of the Petralona Cave (1960)in Chalkidiki (Greece) is the oldest anthropoid found in Europe.
His age is 700.000 years old!!!
Europe was first inhabited by anthropoids at least in 700.000 BC.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS IN PETRALONA
PALEOLITHIC AGE (2.000.000 – 12.000 BC)
Hunting and gathering was the way of life in this age.
Paleolithic man moved in groups to scare away wild animals.
He used fire for cooking and to scare away the animals while living in caves.
To ensure protection he covered himself with coarse animal skin and large leaves.
He painted rocks and caves with pictures of everyday’s life.
GREECE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE
Geomorphologic and climatic changes Strong and constant earthquakes Fluctuation of the level of the Aegean Sea
o Changes in flora and fauna and in the human livingFlora: conifer-trees, wild-beans, etc. Fauna: bears, mammoths, deer, wild-boars, etc.
o More finds after 100.000 BC
GREECE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE Most important
archaeological points:Theopetra (Thessaly)Fragthi Cave (Peloponnese)
Characteristics:o Residence in caves, under
rocks or outdoorso Living in groups of 10-30
persons, sometimes related o Hunting in groups in deep
forests or passages or collecting snails, herbs and fruit
GREECE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE
Characteristics:
o Tools from stone, bone or horn (even some utensils from wood or clay)
o Using yellow or red ochre to paint the face or the body of the dead (paleolithic “gold”)
Burial in graves with funeral gifts (tools, flowers, horns) Belief in life after death
MESOLITHIC AGE (12.000 – 6.800 BC)
People started making semi-permanent houses
They probably lived in light wooden frameworks covered with thatch or sods, which could have been erected and dismantled quickly and easily
They started using boats for transport and fishing
They started making flint tools with handles and stone tools from microliths, set into toothed slots in bone or antler shafts, in order to create a variety of harpoons, arrows and fish hooks
GREECE IN THE MESOLITHIC AGE
Stabilized geomorphologic and climatic conditions
Most important archaeological points:Sidari (Corfu)Fragthi Cave (Peloponnese)Maroulas (Alonnesos)Gioura (Aegean Sea)
GREECE IN THE MESOLITHIC AGE
Characteristics:o Residence in outdoor points
or in caves near the seao Living in groups of 10-30
persons, sometimes related o Almost permanent
installation
o Accommodation with stone-made foundations
o Graveyards next to the installation points
GREECE IN THE MESOLITHIC AGE
Characteristics:o Hunting in groups,
collecting herbs and fruit AND systematic fishery with developed equipment
o Limited domestication of some wild plants and animals
o Long, organized naval trips in the open sea (tuna fishing OR transporting essential materials)
o
GREECE IN THE MESOLITHIC AGE
Characteristics:o Import of tougher materials,
in order to make more effective tools and weapons
o Construction of blades and bladelets
o Cremation of dead (in some cases) for the first time
o Construction of some kind of jewels as ornaments or even funeral gifts (according probably to the social position)