DIVISION OF TIME, AND ARTICLES OF CULTIVA­TION, iN SIND.

DIVISION OF 'I'IME.

As in India, so in Sind generally, we find two kinds of years, viz :~

1st, the Moslem or Lunar Year.2nd,the Hindoo, or Lu:nl·,SoJlar.

into three seasons of four

seasons, viz :-in duration, from to

being the most simple of allyear used by all Musulman

hot season, which contains

six Ritu, or seasons, :-

"'Vinter" months."Freezing" months."Spring" months." Hot" lllonUlS.

requirestime, and

The Hiridoo as well as tbe Arabic week begins with the Sunday;hUI the days, as in India, are differently named by the Hindoos andMoslems. We append a list of them:..;.., ,

Hmdoo. MOIlem.I, Artar (Sun's day). Achar.2, Sumar (Moon'e day). Sumar.3, Mangal (Mars' day). Angaro (firebrand).4, Budhar (Mercury's day). Arba (fourtb day).5, Vrispat (Jupiter's day). Khamls (fifth day).6, Sukrawir (Venus' day). Jummo.7, Chenchar (Satum's day). Chancbar, or Chamchar.

The minor divisions of time are,-lst:-Pahar, watches; of °which there are eight in our twenty-Com

hours.2nd.-Ghul, hours; equal to about twenty-four minutes of our time.3rd.-Pal, moments; of whiCh there are, sixty in the Ghn.

CROPS IN SIND.

'1'he crops are two in number, viz:-lst.-Rubia : the vernal crop, sown in the autumnal months oC Ba~do,

Assu, awl Katti, brought forward (as in India) by the heavy dewsand the cool nights that prevail dming the winter, and reaped in

o the spring about Phaggnn and Chait.2nd.-Khareef: the autumnal, lllOwn in the sumpler months oof Jeth,

Akbar, and saWall, brought fOl"Wllrd by-the flooding of the river,and cut after the inundation subsides, or about the months of

_ Katti aud Nahrl.In submitting' the following list of grains and other productions, we

have ';nly to remark that it iB necessarily an incomplete one, and thatour .means of procuring information are very. limited. It is only by,travelling about the province, and by making i~quirieSl among thecultivators, that uytbing like III perfect list could b.e collected. Wehope however that, lUI a basis for future inquiry, it may be of somelittle utility.

In the accompanying tables, the first column contaips the commonSindee appellation of the different productions, and next to it is theSindo-Persian synonyme, as used in the province in official and revenue

. papers. When there is an English name for the production; it is ineerted" in the third column; or, if none such exist, we give the term generally

'understood throughout HindoostllD. The fourth column contains the

SiDdee. Sanscrit. ,English.lst.-KaU1. Kartika. r October-November.

2_-' N h' Ma'rgashirsha. Noyember.December......- II. rl.3rd.-Poh. Pansha: . December.January.

4 ~ M' h Magha. J anuary-Pebruary.t,•.- ag.5th.-Phaggun. Pbalguna. February-l\Iarch 0

6th.-Chait. Chailia. l\Iarch-April.7tA.-Waishakh. Waishakba. April-l\iay.Stn.-Jetb. Jeshtha. May·Junc.9th.-Akhar. Asharha. June-July.

10tll.-S8wan. Shrawana. July-Angust.Htll.-Daddo. Bhadrapadas. Al1gl1!'t-Septemb~r.12th.-Assu. Ashwina. Scplember-Octob"r.

The Sambat begins on the lst of Kartika. . . .TI Indian astronomical year commences on Ihe lsI 01 Chaltra, as

Ie I 'S' I Adoe!' the Shalivnhan era; but this is not in gellPI'<\ use III Ill<. S

regards calculations of eclipses, declinati.01~s,&c.~and even the eomm~malmanacs, the Bramins throw so much dlillCulty III the, way o~ research,Iha\ we have not hitherto been able tu di5covr~r, anythuIS wurth

In India., moreover, the Adhikmasa or embolismal month iil alw~ysintercalated during what we ijhould call the summer, or between Marc11and September; and when .two months of ~~e same ~a~e o.ccnr, thefirst is called Prathama., and the second DWltlya, to dlstingmsh the,m

from each other. 'But in Sind the embolism does not appear to be confined to !lny

particular time.Astronomical calculations are conducted both by Sarsudb and

pokarna Bramins. Their almanacs are made. up every yea.r,. but notmuch used by the people in general, as the Pnest prefers wnting themin SanllCrit, in order to render them unintelligible to the vulgar, and toconstitute himself the sole ,explainer'oftheir contents. ..,

The era IJJlUaUy met with in official' and revenu,e .papers. ~ 8Uld IS

tbe FUlIIee; but in books, inscription~, andl\'lo~leQlco~pos~tlonsgene­rally, the Hijree dale is preferred.. The ~md~~s. In Smduse theSambat, or Vikramaditya's era,. whIch begms ~vlth th~ death ?f.thatmonarch at Ujjam, A. c. 57. They are of cOlirse awa~e of the eXl!~~enceof the several Hindoo Yoga or periods, aild know tbat·the present. IS theJ{ali Yoga (called by them the Kal.Jugu), although they rarely If ever

aSllume its commencement as an era.The following comparison of the Sindee with the Sll,Dscrit names of .

the months will prove that the former are easily derivable from the

latter :-

mentioning.

10 kinds.7

"6"11 "10"6 "3 "2'"3"4"5"21 "

~cientjflc :name of the plant, and in the fifth is the season. in whichit i,. cut.

The following is a list of the articles of cultivation which we haveenumerated, viz:-

1, Grains (Gramineoo) , , " " , ' " " " " " , . " "2, Pulse (Leguminosre) """""""""""3, Oil Seeds " , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , .4, Greensand Vegetables , " .. ".,.'." ..5, Gourds (Cucurbitacere) "', .. ,, .. ",.6, Dye· Plants " ,.,.""' .. ,.,,,7, Cordage and Clothing , , , , , , , " , , . , , , , , , .8, Tobacco and Sugar , , •.. , , .. , . , .. , .. ,9, Intoxicating .Plants . , .. , , , .... , .. , , .. , , .

10, Medicines .. , , , , , , . , . , . , , . , , . , , , " , ..11, Condiments ", .. , .. ,.'., .. , , .. ', .12, Fruits .,. , " . , . , •. , . , , "'•. , , . , , , . , .

Total .. .. 88 kinds.

We have preferred the Lar to the Siro dialect in the Sindee column,and have generally selected the most popular word. When two termsare given, the·reason is that both are equally well known.

A superficial glance at the Persian portion will be sufficient to provelllat it is a different dialect from the Persian spoken in Persia: manywords are freshly coined ones; a considerable portion is composed ofobsolete terms; and not un frequently a word is perverted from itsoriginal meaning. Such as it is, however, it is used throughout Sindand Reloochistan, Moohan and RuhawulpooT, the Brahooee Country,:md 1he greater part of KllOra~all

ARTICLES OF CULTIVATION IN SIND, PARTICULARS OF

WHICH ARE GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES,

I,-Grains.

H,-Pulse,

IlL-Oil Seeds,

IV,-Vegetables and Greens,"

V.-Gourds.

VI.-Dye Plants.

VII.-Clothing and Cordage.

VIII.-Tobacco and Sugar.

IX.-Intoxicating Plants.X.-Medicines.

XL-Condiments.Xn.-Fruits.

I.

GRAINS.

8!Dd611. P.nlaD. Common Name. 8<l!eDlIlIe Nsm•• 8eUOb. blllarD.

.jiU NangulL ,,.»-0 Mandwah. INacbneeand Ra-IEleutlineOoracana.IKhareef.gee. (Gretu).

Ditto.

Ditto,

,!)I~Ju\Varl. I.f.

"!)'- SarI. 8. f.

)'- 8[lrl. 8.I.

..1J.;r Kiraugu. I.m.

.;+'!"~ Bajhart s. j.

,!IM MakaL s.f.

.J'- saou. I. m.

'IJ'fr Jawari.

~I.:. Shall.

Jft Gat

.'1ft4 Bajr'!.

'!ft'4 BfljrL

,!.P'!"4 Biijri.

Indian.< M.•..•iUet; Sorghum vulgare.Turkey Millet; .(Randll.)Negro Corn.

Rice Paddy,. .. Oryza sativa. (L.)

Kungnee ••••• 'ISetdtalica. (R. B.)

Bajree •••••••• Penicillana vulga­ris, (BeauY.)

U,"", ••••••••~~_l"- (1..) ••

Sawa Ilnd 8ha Panreum fmmenta-moola. ceuw. (Rox.).

Ditto .•. IKurbee.

Ditto •• ,ITwo varieties, white and red:the white is called SligdaSf u"'1.J'r theredis calledSilldee ; . the ~ain is calledChanwar .).,;~ There aremany varieties of this grain,e. g. MotiYD, Ganjo, Trimi­niyim, .IUlibni (red), 8l1thri-yo..Kamod,&tariyo (white)•

Ditto•

Ditto;

...t:.5 Ranko. 8. f.,.; Gih""" 8. m.

r.>J! Gandum. Wheat,; ••••••• l'I'riticum vulgare.1Rubia•(V.M.)

• .jVarieties white and red (Thoriand Pllnbon). There aremany other kinds, as Goji,Tllndllr, KodaniI. The wast­ed grains ellten by the peoplelire called DhanI.

Ditto•.Common Millet.IPanicummiliaceum.(L.)

Barley IHordeum hen.su.chon. (L.)·

fr Jau.

1,\1))1 Arum.

fr Jan. 8.m.

.,~ Chlnu. I. iii.

Ditto •. IThe gtffn barley is calledKhold; .corrupted from thePersian Khllvid,),l""'" .

0[,8. The strllws of these ~rain-bearingplllnts, and the green plUU of'the Pulse, ennmerlited in the next table, together with Fenugreek,lind aome other fodders, lire given to oxen and bOfseli ;-oxen reject few. artieles. Filvourite camels get also nriollS dry lind wet fo<1ders, liSKurbee, Fenugreek, Indilln eres!!, lind the green parts of the three ~Ultard-oil plants; Cotton leeds are given to oxen,· and Oil-r.ake tocamels, oxell, IIl1d sheep. . .

n.PULSE.

Btndee. Pent.... CommOll 1'1ame. I 8ekmlUlc l'l'sme. I3<luon. Remarkl.

,..l.o Mll.h~ I. f. ~l.oo M!t&h. ()orna· •••••••• IPbueolull radiatull.IKhareef.(Rox.)

Cbowlee..J).J'to Chaunro. I. m.

J.J Wall·' 8. m.

~ Lobiya.

4!.,J Lobiya.

••,DOliChQIl sInenllis.1 Ditto•(t.)

Wail •••••••••• ILabillb vulgaris.! Ditto.(8ari.)

Remarks.Season.Pe~ian.Sindee.

&!i...o Mung·· s. m.

I~::on N.ame•. / SCjentjfi~Name. ------1---- .->-__

""", I " , I .~, Mung. IMooog .. '" .•• jPhaseol liS mungo. Khaleef.

, --eJ~rvlung. . ",.1 (Rox.)

h Chano. 8. m·1 ~, Nakhud. jBengal Granl.•• ,eieer arietinum.(L.) Rubia•

.;... Matar·· s. m·11 ....ti-.o Masang. iChiekling Yetch.!LathYrus sativus. Ditto •• Ivery extensively cultivated.

I I (L.) .

..w" Mohar·· 8. m'l IJ':>S Adas. I·..... Phas~olus aconiti-I Ditto. II fohus. I I

008.~These gtains, when split, are called Dal; when ground, the flour is called Atto.

,ux:OIL SEEDS.

1 I., I

Sindee." ., •__.1 ~-,-~- pe~i~'~_~__I_2:':~2~J~-"'-I -'. . -se.J""l>';;S')I.1;!Powal'l-jQ-obij.,I~ Jt~ Tlikhm-i- Koosumba; orlCarotll'amlis tindo-I Rubia •••. Thegrain-likeJruifortheSaf_

I Glll-i-muasfir. Saffiowel'Seeds. 1 nus. (L.)! flower(commonlycaUedtheI i seed) is often eaten.

'l:,. J' .b', I 'l:,. Tl I, , .• , I ..J+' " am o. ~ . Jtimbeh. • ••• " !Eruca satIVa.(Lam.)! DItto •••. I

I II The gree,n parts of,i,the three. . " • •. . I . Mustard-oil >plants lire~ Sanh" I ~J'" ,Sarahaf. I .... -. iSlllllPIS , glauca./, Ditto.... eaten liS greens, and usedI (Rox.) tas fodder.

00

~

.".., Ahurl . J~,;A. Kharolll.

~.\S' Kunjid.

IRaee ., •• " •. ISinapis ramosa.1 Ditto.(Rox.)

Til, or Ginglee .. \Sesamum IndicumlKhareef.(L.)

: IiJI'Not so easily congealed asi cocoanut oil.

~ I%! Bed anjir. Castor Oil Plant.IRkinlls communis.1 Perennial.(L.)

Oil called Heeran.jo.tel, ormore generally Arandi·tel

, (from the Hindoostllnee). ItI is easily congealed.I

Oll6. ,The oil of the Safflower seeds, of the Mustard seeds, lind of the Til, is extrActed by a wooden pestle, working in a wooden mortar,and driven by oxen and camels. The residuum, or oil-cake, is called Khur, and is nniversally nsed for oxen, camels, goats, and sheep. Theoil of the Ricinus is extracted, by boiling. '

The Powari.jo.bij is also called Khoinhe.jo-hij, Khoinbo being the name of the plant. There is a wild seed which is also called Powad,hut it is olno use.

IV.

VEGETABLES AND GREENS.

Sindee~ Persian. Common. NalJle~ SCientific Name. Season. Rem"rk~.

'jEgg Plant,Brinjal.

• 'fh'('.Y urn" s.f.

~' Basllru, s. f.

l./,).Y" :M uri. s.f.

J,,, Wanganu,s. m.

fi"" Sir.

j~ Piyaz.

"".JJ Turb.

CJ~o)4 Badanjim.1:,ll!i.l4 Badangall.

Garlic •••••••. IAmullI sativum. (L.)

Onion ',' •.• , •• IAIIium cepa. (Lo)

Radish •••••... IRaphaulls sativlls.I (Lo)

otSolanum .melon-I,

I gena. (L.)

Rubiachiefly.Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

,,!)~'J.# Gajar: U-I t/»r'J.J"J) Zard~k .. U~I$weet Potatoe •• ISatawedl.llis. (eil.)hon. hor•.

Ditto ••• IUhon, being I1l.riposed to haTecODle (rom the"Punjllub.

Carrot •••••••• \DaucQlcarota. (L.>I Rubiachiefly.

llemarU.sea-.Com~.. Name.. I lhlatUlo l'I'lIIlM;Penlau.

.1..) Zardak.

SlDdee.

~ Gajar'" I. m.

• An Arab medicinal term, derhedihlm. the Greek.

Ditto.

Ditto.

urnip •••••.•• 'IBlUIlica rllpa. (L.)

:Country Sorrel. Rumex vesicariu8.(k)

'~pinage •••••• I$pipacbiatetrandra.\ Ditto.(1.)

twi....r Iafinag.·

~ Sbalgham.

...u.,; TUfshak.

..tJle Palak" f. I.

,,~:J Gokbro. s. m.

.?h Ch6ko. I. m.

J¥o Metbl. s. f. ~ Shai.lllld. Fenugreek •••• jTrigonella. gllOOum.

Falnu·'(L.)

Y-·itto.'.

'r Saw"-.8.j. ~ Sibt. UmbeUifema.... 0.1 Ditto.

Ohs.-The lea'l'eS of the three Mustard-oil plants are abo blliled, and eaten as greens.

. V.GOUBDS.

'Remera,"

Ditto •. ISe'l'eral varietiH, as Dimmm­Bhabi. the Kachi (Kutch)Gidroo, &c.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

8e_D.

1)itta•

SelelltUle If&inl.

~ Kaddu.

•J'I Kaehreb. IDilpilRDd •••••~,) Dilpasand.

•)",Ao w MaahUreh.

£irA Binduw"neh. Water Melon •. OitmUus ,oIgltis.')Y,'; Tarbu~h. (Seb,)

d:!..f. K.aralah. ••• • •• Momotdicl!.. chattn. t~a.(1.y

.,);1,.,.... KharbUzeh. !Melon ....•••. ICucumis mela. (1.)'

Sindee. • \. Peralm. ICommoo Nlme. . l---------~

Pumpkin 00 ••• •Larc~fa vulgaris. ~~r::;~

,YJ>! Oidhro. e. m.

~ Kaddu. s. m."Ir.!. lri.b. ,. m.

~ Meho.8•••

,}.i" Wango. s. m.

",.~ Chauho. I. m.;,~ Hindano. I. m.

"u'; Karelo. s. m.

Tura. I.f· ;,.;,.. Khiyar. Lufl'a penmndra,and acutangula.(Rox.)

Ditto.

~ Chibburu·l. m.\ ..JJ,.:.,) Raushanak.

A!>.»~ Badirangu·I.m. ...ti),)~ Badarang.

4Sft!.J Rebhri.,,),,~ Kadotri.

Trichosanthes anguina. (L.)

Ditto.

Ditto.

Ditto.

VI.DYE PLANTS,

Remarks.

• . IRind of fruit used for calicos;callcdinSindce Chodi U'.l-n­

in Persiau Post AIl~r.­Yellows.

Sllid to be grown in Upper Sind?

Ditto

Ru bia ,.IFermented in pukka vats, calledHouz ue,.,... Blues. greens.and blacks.

lind Bet,(Zizyphus vulgaris). It is used for

introduced; -Walnut bark (Musag). is httroduced from

Rubia tinctoria. (L.)i

Puniea granatum.(t.)

Pomegranaterind.

I· COlllI1lonNnmo. Scientific Name. i S""son.

------~-~------_....~-- ------1 -----Itndigo .....•.. rndigofel'a tinctoria.lI (L.) !I ~

GIlI-i-MuiIS-ISaffiower •••••. Carth,l!1lu, lindo-i Ditto •• The petlllsare the parts used.far. I rius. (L.)! Before drying, they nre sub-

I ! jeeted to a thorough heatingI with sticks.-Reds & Pinks.

Gul-i-Muiis- iPala;.i, Dak, Blltea frondosa. (L.)/I Perennial. The flowers are the parts used.far. I Pullus, Purrus. -Yellows.

Hanfl. Henna (leaves). Lawsonia alba. I Ditto. 'INO! used for calicos, hut for(La'l].) i woollensandhnir-doths;

uscdalso _for stRiniflll; >thehllnds,llellrd.&hnir .......Bnft's.

PersiaD.

t.4i NIL

}il Anal'.

li.:..

~JS

,)1.~JS

Sind••.

A Niru·s.m.

r.S Khoinbo. s. m.

VII.

Remarks...

•• ISeeds sold in all bazars, to feedoxen. GOssypilim obtn.ifoli­nm (Rox.) grows pedectlywild all over the limestoneformation in Sind.

leotlo"

CLOTHING AND CORDAGE PLANTS.

I CQllllnon'Nante. I Scientific Name. I Season. ----

---~_41+-----~---!-~--I---------

ITaag-sull .•••• .lCrotularia jUllcca'l! Khal'eef.. J<'ibre separated by steeping inBengal-sun. 1 (L,) ponds and tanks.

A~~~~)' (F'I"(i~:~"(S"'biol Ditto ° "I'~~1iN$t:~~~:'i¥;;:..••.••. !Gossvpium hei'ba-I Ditto

I, cel;lIl. (L.) iI !I I

Pertdan.

1:".... San.

~.... San.

~~~.:. Darnkht-i-- PamLeh.

Sind'e.

!.s;.,.., I. I-,.:.~ Sujjildo. s, 712,'

~.J" 'Vlllln", s. m.1

II

----------- -- ----------,---------------I

.--------------\

The Cotton itself is calbl ill SiIHlce Knpalill Z11 and in Persian Pllmbeh~'fhl~ seeds nrc called in Sindee Kilk{lro (8. m.),jfl in Persian Pambeh daneh <.\.it.:. ~~The capsule or pod is called iii Sindee KitpasJo (s. In.) Y.:""~IS'

-There arc sel'eral kinds of Cotton, e. g. Sindee, Kaehi (Kutchee), Nar01u, Vilayat), &e.Many wild plants in Sind yield excellent twine_ and rope.

VIn.

TOBACCO AND SUGAR PLANTS.

SiDdee. P,"IaD. C"mmOll Nama. a..lonllllcName. 8_0. Remarks."

obacco •••••. 1Nicotiaua tli.ba~

cum. (t.)

~I.!•• Kamand...· I. m.

JIJ Tamaku. I. m.

~ •Naiebakk.ar./Sugarcane .••. ISaccbarumcinarom.

.".s'4U Tanbak6.

offi~IKhareef •• !There are eeveral varieties., e.g. Kamand(L.) Acho (white), and Garo (red). The

best kind iscalled Chandukai '1l<..t.i~

from. Cbanduko, the CQuntry aboutLarkbana, whicb" formerly Wllll theproperty of the Delooch tribe calledChindujo; "

,e first crop is called '#ft Neri; thelleeond is gathered about a monthlater, Ilnd is inferior; its name isBant! (,.f.) &401' Bajllra..r'F Thereare aeveral v{uieties: tbe chief afe,l,t, ~hikarpuri, of .wbicb there. aretwo. kmds,Tatkh (bitter) and Mlttho

. (sweet); 2nd, Silid~. adark and in­ferior .article. All the Sindtobacoo is

"Iwested in cocks, and -covered withmats, . preventing the 1IOOes& of air•

. ijeilce its inferiority when comparedWith American; .

IX.

INTOXICATING PLANTS.

Slndee. Persiil)l. Seiolltlfte Name. SeIlllOIl. Remarks.

• ./Pllrtly wild, and partly culti­vllted about houses. ·Thereare two varieties, Acho(white) and Karo (black) ;the last rllre. 0

somni-I Ditto(L).

Hemp .•••••••• jCannabis sativa ... jRubia •••• IThe most celebrated kind inSind is clliled BubukaiBhang, from the town ofBubllk, near Lllke Munchur.It is very strong.

!•• 1Vide end of these remarks for

II detlliled IIccount of thedifferent" Modes of Intoxicllotion" practised in Sind.

Opium Poppy •. IPapaverferum.

Thorn Apple ... jDatura alba. (L.)/ DittoJJ+i Nabrak.

.....,;s Kanab.

)liS.,,5 Koknar.

~ Bhang"" f.

..::.-~ Post.. ,.f.

1)";:5 Dhaturo. s. m.

x,MEDICINES.

• • ,seeds carminative.Ptychotis(L.)

Pen;!IW.

o)~ Aj IIIud.

Siodee.

~ J!ml . ,.j'.

------~-.....----:------------.-,--, I .----

Comma" N.....' I SelenllJl" Name. i ""...,,0. '. Unmark•.... . I·--, ·;~----I· .__.- _.-

Il;jOwan.!Rubia

Ditto •. ISeeds demulcent.~! IspangarU" I. m.

~rl Ahariyo. s. m.

~~ Sona Makkt

J~I Ispaghot

IJIA HlIleh.

u... Sanfl.

Issufgool; Esub·Plantago Ispaghll-gooL la.. (Roll.)

Halim ••• , • , •• Lepidillln aativum.(L;)

'Tillivelly 8enna.jCasllia elongata.(Lew.)

Ditto

Ditto

•• ,Seeds llsed ill medicine; plantitself is give!! to eamels, tofatten them.

Leaves pnrll;ative. Se'nna simi­lar to that of Aleppo growswild in Sind.

XI.

CONDIMEN~.

Pohle,·ShuI~• , , Common N~e. i Sclentl!lc Name. ! Season. I Rem..ke.

.JoU W8~-U-"'-'~B.-f.-,1 ~,)4 Dudiyfm, \sol1r. (FaISeFe~-lfre.nic.Ulum panmo-!Rl1bia .IUsed. in Pillnus, cooling 1.\lIt!

: nel.) , rl. (D. C.)! I tome.

rrmm

;"

I

co:-

.J~ Jiro.w. flI•• I

I

,(,.3~ ~u.dlleh.

Jili Filn!.

.r.iM Gashniz.

'r.) Zirah.

Mint ""'" ./Mentha viridis. (1.) Ditto. 'ITheyalso extl'nct an e~seutialI oil from it.I

Red Pepper .. ,.Capsicum frutes-J

1 •• ,. INot so mueh used as in Inuia.jcens. (L.) ICOl'iancler ••• 'jCoriandrum sati-/Rubia •. JUsea in made dishes.

I .vum. (L.) r I., " .•• ICuminum cym) Ditto. 'l'U~rd in l)il!lI11s; considered

mlln. ~L.): inimical to thefretus, ane!i Ilscllasallabortifaeient, allll

I, also as a rreycnth'c againstI pregnane}·. ".

'"XII.

SiDdell. I.r.::F", Anjiru. 8. flI,

.::..,,3 Tutu..:..J4.t. SllIIbtut..

~r&lan.

..r.:F I Anjir.

.:.~ Tut.

FRUITS.

·_;::'::~:-~eDtific;~;n~.-- -Ii-~~~-=l-.--_._;;,:,:~'­

fig .... , ..... ~:s-caric~~-(~~···_-.~.-.-.--l;::~-~rep~..-car~~ Dnd :~n"I tion. 'l'he IHll'l'leskinhi'<!I :. figs are "ery I'lltely lnctwith.I

Mulberry •••••• IMorus nigra. (L.)! • • • • Ivcry, well suited to lhcelilnate.I Might he plalltfd extensilcly! along the canall.I

Sind..,. PersiAn. Common Name. Scientific Name. Season. Remarb.

Apple •••• " •• \Pyrus malus. (t.).Jy<> S6f"· s. m.

~)lt PM.ruho. s. m.

~ Sib•

wi,; Ff\lseh. Phulsa •• , , •••• IGrewill.(t.)

Asiatica.

A. small, tasteless fruit, like theSummer Apple of England.

A. very fine fruit in Sind. Manywild species life fOUlld onthe 'hills, whose fruit is pa­latable, and could be muchimproved by cultivation.

"""'1 Ambu, $. m.

y"'1 Amu.s.m.

~1)5Drakh·' s. f.

fi Ber. s. m.

~

~I Ambah.

)",J.jl Angur.

)US Kun(tf.

~Iango •.•••••. IMangifera Indica.I (t.)

I

Grape Vine .••. \VitiS vinifera. (t.)I

II

Jujube ••• , .••• !Zizyphus vulgaris.(L.)

IIRose Apple .••. !Jambosa vulgaris.

1 (D. C.)

Thrives exceedingly well, andwould repay attention. Thereare many varieties, e. g.Rabin Shiddi, Patasho Go­dalm, Mar, Watar, Makhau,Suraho, &c.

In speaking Sindee, Drakhais used for the country grape,lI!! opposed to the finer fruitbrought down from thenorthward. The Khishmish,or dried grapes, are not pre­pared in Sind.

:'IIany varieties exist, one verylarge one, called the SufuBeru 'Or MaKka[ Bern. Thewild Jujube (Zizyphus jujn­ba) is called Bem Jail­guro.

.~ L1mu. s. m.

~) Zaitunu, s. m.

ffj' N' . ,"/') 1 anglo s. m,

J,ufj Narelu• s. m.

Jti.~ Sita pMlu.

~j Lirneh.

J-i;li Narangi.

~)fj Nargil.

jLime ....•••..Citrus betgamia.!

(Rino.)

Guava .•••..•. Perdium pyriferum.(t.)

Sweet Lime •••. \Citfus limetta.(Risso.)

Cocoa Palm •.1Cocos nucifcl'3. (L.)

ICustard Apple •. :t\nona squamosa.

(t.)

Properly speaking,Zaitun signi­fies' the Olive; 'it isimpro_perly applied to the GUlIva.

Much cultivated. It is alllOcalled .Sangatariin Sindee.The Orange does not appearto be cultivated.

Abont Kurachee only, whereit might beextensively plant­ed on Salt soil with adv.an­tage.

Found only in the garden be­longing to the late MeerNusseer Khan, near Hyder.abad.

Plantain •••••• IMusa Paradisiaca.(L.)

Pomegranate •• jPunica granatum ..(L.)

J)~Bijoro. s. m.-

'Jy} Kewiro. 8. m.

"')10) Dliruho. s. m.

~jj Turanj.

)Y" Manz.

)l.il Anar.

Pompeimoun;Pummalo?

Citrus(1.)

decumana. Ditto ditto; occasionally calledTuranj by learned Sindees.

Kewiro is both the fruit andthe tree. Theforrnerisal$ocalled Kewire·ji-phari.Themndoos .use the leaves aseating plates,and call themKewire-ji-pataL

Very well suited tothe dimate;would repay care and atten­tion.

f---~-'.~-

'I <,;:., <,;:., s:i <,;:.,0; .; .; '0.:.,.;~ .... ~~ ~

•= ........."0

,;::~

co~ '"

<Jl ....~

'" .O!~

V ~ ~ E-< ~1lU;

'1' l: f ~'1t.~.~ 13,

.REMARKS ON THE MODES OF INTOXICATION IN SIND.

WIN&S.~The wines, properly speaking, are of two ](inds, viz:­

1, Kishmishl.-l\Iade of dry grapes.2, Anglul.-Made of the Sind grape, at H yderabad, Sdnvan, and

Sbikarpoor.Buth the above are eith.er pure, or mixed with a spirit extracted from

raw suga.l'.LIQUElJRS.-Of the liqueurs, I am acquainted with only seven

varieties, viz :-extract i)f aniseed, colourless,

drunk; the !lpirit i!l it is general! y

IIIof Gur or other spirit, and perfumed

as above, and coloured and perfumed

SllCl·iil:I".--,-ICont·aillilllg musk and other ingredients',Kalrllle-io..Sllelral)u..-Made· of the flowers of a shrub ('ailed Kama,

throughoutfJ

distilled from raw sllgar.c'annot alford the hest

2, Ganjo ..:..-The inflorescence oftbehemp before the gum has beenexpressed; smoked in a water pipe, tillapeculill.f contractionof the throatis felt.

3, Charas.-Thegumofthe. hemp (rarely eaten; except when pre.pared as a sweetmeat) ; generally smoked like Ganjo.

All the three preparations above enumerated are considered highlyaphrodisiac, and frequently produce madness, delirium tremens, cata­lepsy, and other diseases.

MAAJli1l1.-'l'here arc many intoxicating s'weetmeats termed Mii;;j{uns,and generally mled by the higher classes. Some of these preparationsare made up of as many as twenty or thirty different ingredients. Thebasis orall of them is milk (or ghee) and sugar; the intoxicatingmatter,Chara.s,Ganjo, Bhang, Opium, Datura, and Poppy Seeds; the condi­ments, Cloves, Mastich, CinnamoIl, Aniseed, Cummin, Cardamoms,&c. &0.

'fADHAL.-'.r{tdhal is the generic name for thecooJingpreparationsofBhang, poppy secds, and oth ... r such ,articles,. drunk during the hotseason by the wealthy. '1'11e Bhang is believed to have great refrige­!·atingpowers, and to neutralise the effects of heat.

The seeds used in preparing these articlesare,-

1, Khashkhash; the Poppy Seed.-It can scarcely be called intoxi­cating, but aids in producing. that peculiar •drowsiness •which~on$titutes the delight of the votaries of hemp.

2, Dhaturo, the seeds of the Datura stramonium.-An active poison,ouly used by those upon whom hemp, by constant usage, haslost its effects. 'I'he Halwai, or sweetineat makers, are in thehabit of mixing up this seed with their Maaj{tms.