dk gestalt 2014

64
GESTALT THEORY

Upload: fadly-rivaldo

Post on 01-Oct-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

DESCRIPTION

environmental

TRANSCRIPT

  • GESTALT THEORY

  • Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

    We impose visual organization on stimuli

    W.E. Hill, 1915 German postcard, 1880

  • Rhythm

  • Direction

  • Unity

  • Conformity

  • ... looseness... ...vastness... ...peace...

  • Scale

  • Continuance...

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?

  • What do these seem to represent?

  • and these?

  • and these?

  • and these?

  • Pengertian

    Teori Gestalt menganggap semua persepsi manusia terorganisasi ke dalam bentuk (figures) dimana garis, bidang, dan objek yang ada muncul sebagai suatu kekuatan dinamis, yang tampak seperti sesuatu yang cenderung bergerak, sesuatu yang ringan, atau sesuatu yang memberi kualitas gembira, sedih dengan latar belakang (ground) sekitarnya sebagai suatu bidang homogen (Laurens, 2005).

    Gestalt merupakan teori aliran yang mengembangkan paradigma pemikiran yang

    berpijak pada kerangka menyeluruh dalam melihat suatu obyek.

  • Tokoh-tokoh

    Teori Gestalt

    Max Wertheimer

    Wolfgang Kohler

    Kurt Koffka

    Teori Gestalt dikembangkan dari penelitian psikologi

    di Berlin, Jerman

  • Gestalt, artinya shape or form

    Tokoh: Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, and Wolfgang Khler.

    Kesimpulan : seseorang cenderung mempersepsikan apa yang terlihat dari lingkungannya sebagai kesatuan yang utuh.

    Gestalt adalah sebuah teori yang menjelaskan proses persepsi melalui pengorganisasian komponen-komponen sensasi yang memiliki hubungan, pola, ataupun kemiripan menjadi kesatuan.

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    References

  • The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

    Gestalt adalah "bukan kombinasi dari unsur-unsur, melaikanrelasi dari unsur-unsur itu" (Lyons, 2001)

    Sebagai planner, kita harus dapat melihat konsep rencanasecara keseluruhan meskipun rencana itu terdiri daribeberapa bagian parsial .

    How do we create? Imagine?

    Creativity begins [as a] whole....the idea precedes the execution (Schamber, 1986)

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    References

  • Why is design so important?

    Gestalt psychology can provide instructional designers with an understanding of aesthetic perception and cognition (Lyons, 2001).

    Aesthetic design theory provides an avenue for visual analysis using the laws and principles of Gestalt psychology (Haupt & Blignaut, 2006).

    Creative thought

    Gestalt laws

    Good design

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    References

  • Teori Gestalt suatu keseluruhan, dalam keseluruhan terdapat unsur baru berupa struktur dan arti yang ditentukan oleh hubungan antarbagian dalam keseluruhan tersebut. Hukum-hukum Gestalt mengatur pola hubungan antarbagian dalam keseluruhan itu sehingga muncul dalam medan persepsi dengan cara tertentu

    proximityObjek-objek persepsi yang berdekatan akan cenderung diamati sebagai satu kesatuan

    SimilarityObjek-objek yang ciriya berdasarkan warna, bentuk ukuran atau dimensi sebagian besar sama

    ClosureBentuk-bentuk yang sudah kita kenal walaupun hanya tampak sebagian atau terlihat suatu bentuk yang tidak sempurna, tetapi terlihat sempurna

    continuityPola yang sama berkesinambungan walaupun ditutup oleh pola lain, tetap diamati sebagai satu kesatuan

    common fateUnsur-unsur yang bergerak dengan cara dan arah yang sama meskipun memiliki bentuk yang berbeda

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Proximity The closer objects are to each

    other, the more likely they are to be perceived as a group (Ehrenstein, 2004)

    bahwa unsur-unsur yang saling berdekatan (baik waktu maupun ruang) dalam bidang pengamatan akan dipandang sebagai satu bentuk tertentu

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    2

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Symmetry Objects must be balanced or

    symmetrical to be seen as complete or whole (Chang, 2002).

    Benda/obyek yang seimbangatau simetris akan dilihatsebagai satu kesatuan

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    2

  • Palm Island, Dubai

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Similarity Objects that are similar, with

    like components or attributes are more likely to be organised together (Schamber, 1986).

    sesuatu yang memiliki kesamaan cenderung akan dipandang sebagai suatu obyek yang saling memiliki.

    Objects are viewed in vertical rows because of their similar attributes.

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    3

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Common Fate Objects with a common

    movement, that move in the same direction, at the same pace , at the same time are organised as a group (Ehrenstein, 2004).

    benda yang berada dalam arah yang sama cenderung akan dipersepsi sebagi suatu figure atau bentuk tertentu.

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    3

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Continuation Objects will be grouped as a

    whole if they are co-linear, or follow a direction (Chang, 2002; Lyons, 2001).

    Obyek akan dikelompokkanmenjadi kesatuan jikamengikuti bentuk linear yang kontinu atau mengikuti arahtertentu

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    4

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Isomorphism Is similarity that can be

    behavioural or perceptual, and can be a response based on the viewers previous experiences (Luchins & Luchins, 1999; Chang, 2002).

    This law is the basis for symbolism (Schamber, 1986).

    Sebuah simbol dipresepsikanmenurut pengalamanpengamat

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    4

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Closure In perception there is the

    tendency to complete unfinished or partially obscured objects (Ehrenstein, 2004).

    Kanizsas triangle (right) is one of the most recognisable examples of this (Wikipedia, 2008).

    orang cenderung akan mengisi kekosongan suatu pola obyek atau pengamatan yang tidak lengkap

    (Wikipedia, 2008)

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    5

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Figure - Ground Viewers will perceive an

    object (figure) and a surface (ground) even in shapes are grouped together (Ehrenstein, 2004).

    This law also defines use of contrast (Schamber, 1986).

    menganggap bahwa setiap bidang pengamatan dapat dibagi dua yaitu figure (bentuk) dan latar belakang. Penampilan suatu obyek seperti ukuran, potongan, warna dan sebagainya membedakan figure dari latar belakang

    (Chang, 2002)

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    5

  • Laws of Gestalt

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Focal Point The idea that a point of

    interest, something emphasised or different will catch and hold the viewers attention (Chang, 2002).

    Penekanan pada sesuatu baik bentuk atau warna berbeda akan menjadi pusat perhatian pengamat

    LOOK

    LOOK

    LOOK

    LOOK

    LOOK

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    ReferencesGestalt Laws

    6

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Prgnanz Prgnanz means, in simple

    terms, good form and refers to organising shapes to simple forms (Chang, 2002). Figures are seen as their simple elements instead of complicated shapes.

    Humans tend to interpret ambiguous or complex images as simple and complete.

    Simplest: fewer rather than more elements, symmetrical rather than asymmetrical

    People are better able to visually process and remember simple figures thancomplex figures.

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    References

    Hukum ini adalah sebagai hukum pokok oleh psikologi Gestalt.This is the law that states that people will visualise according to the simplest way of grouping items and the effort to simplify complex items is unconscious (Chang, 2002).

    / Simplicity

  • Lines & Shapes

    Pictures & Layout

    Design

  • Laws of Gestalt

    Law of Unity Is the law of arrangement,

    where elements and structures have a visual connection and look like they belong together, in unity (Chang, 2002).

    Unity is one of the general principles of visual design.

    Beberapa elemen yang memiliki koneksi visual akanterlihat sebagai sebuahkesatuan

    What is Gestalt Psychology?

    Why is design so important?

    Laws of Gestalt

    Principles of Visual Design

    Applying Gestalt to design

    References

  • Aplikasi Teori Gestalt dalam Elemen Kota

    Hukum kesinambungan (continuity)

    Path

    Hukum kesinambungan (continuity)

    Edges

    Hukum kedekatan (proximity) dan hukum kesamaan (similarity)

    District

    Konsep figure dan latar belakang

    Node

    Konsep figure dan latar belakang

    Landmark

  • PATH

  • NODE

  • DISTRICTS

  • LANDMARK

  • EDGE

  • Aplikasi Teori Gestalt

    SIMILARITYCLOSURE

    FIGURE GROUNDIMPOSIBLE FIGUREObjek yang tidak mungkin dibuat dalam dunia nyata

  • Kelebihan dan Kelemahan

    Kelebihan individu yang memiliki keunikan, dimana harus

    berhubungan dengan lingkungan sekitar mereka. Teori Gestalt dapat menjelaskan mengenai

    bagaimana persepsi visual dapat terbentuk

    Kelemahan Dalam hal waktu dan pengamatan berulang, bila

    seseorang menggunakan waktu yang agak lama dalam merekam objek , maka semakin seseorang melihat bagian perbagiannya dan perbedaan

    Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Gestalt Principles of Visual PerceptionRhythmDirectionUnityConformitySlide Number 9... looseness... ...vastness... ...peace...ScaleContinuance... Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?Continuance... Is that circle approaching us?What do these seem to represent?Slide Number 21and these?Slide Number 23and these?Slide Number 25and these?Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29What is Gestalt Psychology?The whole is greater than the sum of its partsWhy is design so important?Slide Number 33Laws of GestaltSlide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Laws of GestaltSlide Number 40Laws of GestaltSlide Number 42Laws of GestaltSlide Number 44Laws of GestaltSlide Number 46Laws of GestaltLaws of GestaltLaws of GestaltLaws of GestaltLaws of GestaltLaws of GestaltSlide Number 53Slide Number 54Slide Number 55Laws of GestaltSlide Number 57PATHNODEDISTRICTSLANDMARKEDGESlide Number 63Slide Number 64