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Introduction to ox2 engine

The unique ox2 engine has been hailed as the first breakthrough technology in internal

combustion engine design since the introduction of the Otto-Four Cycle Engine.

Preliminary studies have shown that ox2 will either meet or exceed governmental and

environmental requirements.

In October 1993, the U.S government announced on world wide media that it was to

heavily subsidize a consortium acting under a developmental mandate which would

within fifteen years at a budget of up to one trillion dollars, produce a new design

configuration and prototypes to replace the existing internal combustion engines. The

firm constituted under the consortium was named ADVANCED ENGINE

TECHNOLOGIES and the ox2 engine is its product. The engine contains 8 cylinders

and is currently in the prototype testing stage.

In the name ox2, the alphabet o symbolizes oxygen of the atmospheric air, x

symbolizes the variety of fuels including gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquid propane and

methane which can be used while the number 2 symbolizes the two inlet and exhaust

ports, spark plugs in the engine housing and also the two power strokes in each cylinder

for one complete revolution.

The engine has only six major components of which only three are moving parts , and

results in low setup and production costs, and simplicity of design that promotes a high

level of quality assurance and lower maintenance costs.

The initial market selection for the ox2 engine is suitably diverse so as to enable the

company to demonstrate to a wide range of industries, both the market and applicationpotential of the ox2 engine.

ENGINE PARTS

The major parts:

HOUSING

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CYLINDER BLOCK TOP PISTON PLATE LOWER PISTON PLATE

CAM SHAFT DRIVE SHAFT

The moving parts:

CYLINDER BLOCK TOP PISTON PLATE LOWER PISTON PLATE

Engine part details:

Number of Combustion Chambers 8 Cylinders

System 4 Stroke

Diameter 12.8 inches / 325 mm

Width 10 inches / 254mm

Weight 125 lbs. / 56.8 kilos

Actual Cubic Capacity 66.25 c.i. / 1086 cc

Leverage Advantage 6.6 times a conventional

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combustion engineFuel Any combustible gas or liquid

Working of the engine:

The ox2 engine consists of 8 cylinders which are placed in a circle. The cylinders are

connected to a cylinder head which in turn is connected to the outer cylinder housing.

The pistons which are moving inside the cylinders have a base support of a piston plate.

There are two piston plates for this purpose which connects the alternate pistons. These

two piston plates are called top and lower piston plates. The pistons are part of the piston

plates. They house a constant velocity rolling bearing joint on their outer diameter/inner

diameter to enable a frictionless transition from reciprocating motion to rotary motion. There is a cam track at the bottom which facilitates the reciprocatory motion of the piston

inside the cylinder due to its unique design.

The piston is also independently connected to the outer engine housing with the help of

rollers. For this purpose, longitudinal slits are provided on the inner periphery of the

engine housing into which the piston rollers are placed. There are also rollers provided at

the bottom of each piston so as to guide it through the cam track.

The engine is started with the help of a drive shaft which is connected to the cam and it

provides a rotary motion for the starting. A start up motor is provided for this purpose of

driving the drive shaft. This rotary motion provided to the cam would rotate the cam track

which would result in the reciprocatory motion of the piston inside the cylinder. As a

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result, the Otto Four Stroke Cycle proceeds inside all the cylinders and the engine starts.

The start-up motor then stops working.

As the pistons reciprocate, the piston rollers rotating inside the engine housing also

rotates along the longitudinal slits. However, the cam track at the bottom of the pistons,

force it to move forward resulting in a circular motion. The piston rollers force the engine

housing to rotate along with the pistons. Since the engine housing is connected to the

cylinder head, the cylinders also move along with the pistons. As a result, the entire unit

of the engine rotates. So the reciprocatory motion of the piston is converted to the rotary

motion of the engine housing and this motion can be transmitted to the reduction gears

with the help of an axial shaft.

Exploded view of the engine

Exploded view of the engine

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Visualization of working:

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Visualization of working

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Technical aspect of the engine:

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Pistons:The pistons of the engine are such that it has no piston skirts on their outer periphery. The

piston skirts provide the support to the piston in a conventional engine. This is because in

these engines, the piston remains in contact with the engine cylinder bore through the

skirts. However, in the ox2 engine, the piston support is provided by the piston plates.

And the requirement of the piston skirts is thus eliminated. As a result, there is no side

loading of the pistons against the cylinder bore. In fact at no time do the pistons contact

the cylinder wall. The side loading of the piston creates huge amount of unwanted

frictional force to exist and is a major cause of energy loss in a conventional engine. The

energy is lost in the form of the heat generated. This high temperature generated can also

cause the cylinders to break when run for a long time. In the ox2 engine, there is no

energy dissipation and also there is no danger of damage to the cylinder walls.

Piston speed:

The ox2 piston speed, which is controlled by the fuel burn rate, remains constant

throughout the entire power stroke. The inlet and exhaust ports do not open until the

exhaust and power strokes have been fully completed. The ports then remain open long

enough to ensure maximum operating efficiency. This process enables a more regulated

mixture to be introduced prior to firing and also allows the significantly reduced exhaust

gasses to be expelled efficiently.

Combustion chambers:

The combustion chambers are only slightly longer than the stroke and the pistons need

only to be thick enough to house the rings. Since there are no piston skirts, the side

loading of the piston against the cylinder wall is eliminated. Hence there is no danger of

damage to the walls due to long running of the engine.

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Flywheels:

A flywheel is an excellent short-term energy storage device. While a flywheel could be

fitted to the OX2 engine as with any engine, the mass of the rotating block would act as a

flywheel and the small fluctuations in the energy is removed. Hence a flywheel is

required only when huge amount of energy is generated.

Horse power and output shaft speed:

The RPMs of the engine are dependent upon size and application. As for acceptable

output shaft RPM, outboard engines typically max at 6000 RPM, run a 2 to 1 reduction to

the propeller equaling 3000 RPM. Therefore in this application an acceptable output shaft

speed could be 3000 RPM. Likewise a rear or front wheel of an automobile spins at a

little over 1000 RPM at 100 km p/h. Therefore a higher output shaft speed is not

necessary. The reason for a high RPM being achieved from a crankshaft engine is to give

a better horsepower number, whereas the torque an engine can develop at a particular

RPM does the actual work. Thus the OX2 engine develops very high torque at reasonably

low RPM thus reducing wear and enabling better control of the combustion process

thereby resulting in better economy and emissions

Also as the pistons are part of a ring, the limiting factor relative to RPM would be when

the dynamic force exceeds the limits of the material being used. (At normal operating

RPM this is not considered a problem.) Limitations on RPM would be dependant upon

engine stroke and engine size. The engine can be easily adapted to suit any application.

Timing:

The ox2 engine design enables the timing to be adjusted sufficiently to produce the most

effective burn of the combustion fuel being used irrespective of the engine RPM. This

highly efficient procedure is possible as the opening and closing of the ports is controlled

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by electronic chips. Also since there is no ports present in the combustion chamber

during the compression stroke, there is no fear of preignition. Compare this to a

conventional engine in which preignition occurs if the timing is advanced too far causing

combustion prior to the top of the stroke. The result of preignition is resistance againstthe crankshaft, which causes a loss of energy.

Torque:

A unique feature of the ox2 engine is that it achieves considerable torque at all stages

through its operating range. Consequently in most of the engine applications there would

be no need for the engine to work at revolutions higher than 2500rpm. This would

eliminate the need of a gear box and would reduce the engine wear.

Exhaust:

The ox2 engine is designed to have a minute quantity of exhaust gas fed back in to the

combusting chamber, ensuring that the engine pressure is only slightly below the

atmospheric pressure thus eliminating the majority of the vacuum created. The design

ensures that there is no wastage of energy fighting vacuum and also allows for optimum

compression regardless of the air/fuel delivery. Thus more fuel is used driving the piston

and less is wasted pressurizing the combustion chamber. Because of the minute pressure

differential, the air/fuel mixture induced into the cylinder does not drop in temperature.

When the heat of recirculated exhaust gas is added, the fuel remains in a gaseous form,

thus ensuring an efficient burn from the ox2 engine.

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Sectional View showing:

Underside of the piston Piston plate Bottom piston rollers

Figure 7.1 Sectional view of the engine

Top plate Cylinder head

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Spark plug Exhaust and inlet port

Figure 7.2: Sectional view of the engine

Engine Block Cylinders

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Side piston rollers Spark plug

Figure 7.3: Sectional view of the engine

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Working Comparison:

Working comparison

Advanced Engine Technologies Firm has shown that the ox2 engine produces more

torque and horse power from a smaller displacement than a 5.7 liter V8 engine.

OX2 engine:

The cylinder block, drive shaft and piston plates rotate inside the engine housing.

Lobes on the cam plate push the pistons into the cylinder bores, while igniting the

air/fuel mixtures. Each cylinder fires twice during each revolution. drives the pistons

back out and pushes the piston plate rollers along the cam plate track to keep the

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engine turning. The engine housing contains two spark plugs, two intake ports and

two exhaust ports. Each cylinder fires twice during each revolution.

Four-stroke Otto engine:

Pistons travel up and down in the engine block and are connected to a crankshaft toconvert the vertical motion into rotary motion. Each cylinder fires once every two

revolutions of the crankshaft. Air and fuel enter the cylinder via ports in the cylinder

heads.

Rotary engine:

A rotary engine has no pistons. Instead, a triangular shaped rotar spins inside the

engine casing. The points of the rotor contact the walls of the housing to create

chambers for intake/compression; ignition/power strike and exhaust. Each full

revolution of the rotor results in three complete combustion cycles. Rotary engines are

compact with high power output, but also are less fuel efficient and produce high

levels of hydrocarbons.

Developments:The OX2 engine has been developed till the prototype level. Three prototypes of the

engine have been developed by the Advanced Engine Technologies firm. The firm

has announced that it has completed the first phase of OX2 engine port re-

engineering. This re-designing was done after the testing of Design Level 1, OX2 test

engine #1. AET engineers have successfully advanced the OX2 engine port shape and

location from its earlier design.

Through engine modeling, Flow bench analysis, and eventual real-time engine lab

testing, engineers have been able to re-engineer the intake and exhaust port shape and

location on Design Level 2, OX2 engine #2. This re-engineering has resulted in a 15%

improvement in the OX2 engine's airflow or also known as Volumetric Efficiency.

The efficiency is now in the range of 92-95%. This improvement has also yielded a

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16% improvement in torque and a 23% increase in horsepower. Also during testing,

OX2 test engine #2 created a high torque, resulting in 16.8 horsepower at 650 rpm

which is one-third the typical operating speed of traditional internal combustion

engines.

In addition, this new porting configuration has increased the exhaust velocity by

200%. This will prove to be very valuable asset for the engine in future turbo

applications. The early phase testing also allowed AET to identify airflow issues with

the OX2 block. Design modifications to the engine's inner block have been made to

improve airflow and increase compression.

The re-cast blocks will be retro-fitted to the current OX2 engine prototypes and they

are expected to result in increased overall power. Validation testing of the Design

Level 3, OX2 Engine #3 is also being carried out in the University of California.

Utilizing an increased bore and shorten stroke, this design is expected to yield a

marked improvement in overall engine performance.

Applications and its advantages

Applications:

The following are examples of future applications for the OX2 Engine:

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: Applications

Advantages:

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Fuel efficient

Low emissions Smaller Higher power to weight ratio Light weight Multi-fuelled Inexpensive

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Disadvantage:

Existing engine compartment design of thevehicles is to be modified

The cooling system design is complex

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Conclusion:

The OX2 Engine will soon prove to be a revolution in the IC engine field with its eco

friendly and versatile nature allowing it to be flexible with any type of fuel along with

enhanced operation, maintenance costs and a longer useful life.

REFERENCE

www.ox2engine.com

STUDENT NAME : SUMANTH S M,

SRINU C H,

DEPARTMANT : MECHANICAL

COLLEGE: P.B.R. VISVODAYA ENGG COLL,

KAVALI.

PHONE NO: 9700272437(SUMAN)

http://www.ox2engine.com/http://www.ox2engine.com/http://www.ox2engine.com/