dna & rna
DESCRIPTION
DNA & RNA. SBI 3U. Two types of Nucleic Acids. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid (double strand) 4 Bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine RNA - Ribonucleic acid (single strand) 4 Bases - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DNA & RNA
SBI 3U
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Two types of Nucleic Acids
• DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid (double strand) 4 Bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• RNA - Ribonucleic acid (single strand) 4 Bases Adenine, Uracil (replaces Thymine) Cytosine, Guanine
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How DNA works
• The double helix unzips and reveals a section of genetic code.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z685FFqmrpo&feature=related
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Types of RNA• mRNA – messenger RNA Enters the nucleus
through the nuclear pores and “reads” the unzipped portion of the DNA strand.
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tRNA – transfer RNA “reads” the mRNA strand in groups of 3 CODONS. Collects correct Amino Acid from the cell cytoplasm and adds this to the developing strand of amino acids.
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Abbreviation
Name Function Structure
mRNA messenger RNA
it functions as a blueprint; it’s a code for
a single protein (or polypeptide chain)
single-stranded,
tRNA transport RNA
the translator, capable of reading the mRNA language and binding corresponding amino
acid to a growing peptide chain
cloverleaf
rRNA ribosomal RNA
the factory, an "enzyme" of sorts
complexed with
proteins
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DNA strand unzips.
T A C T T C A A A A A C C G A C C G A T A
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mRNA strand
mRNA leaves nucleus returns to Endoplasmic Reticulum . Links to Ribosomes.
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tRNA collects amino acids and links them onto the developing protein
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Where is DNA found?
• Nucleus of Eukarotic cells• DNA strand in Prokaryotic cells
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mRNA
DNA T T C A T A G C C A G
A A G U A U C G G U C
mRNA = AAG –UAU- CGC - UC
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CODONS
• Genetic Words• Start = AUG (Met) Like the capital letter of a
sentence.• Stop = UGA, UAA, UAG – like the period at the
end of a sentence.
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Mutations
• Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat.• The sun was hot but the old man did not get
his hat.FRAME SHIFT.• T hes unw ash otb utt heo ldm and idn otg
eth ish at.• Th esu nwa sho tbu tth eol dma ndi dno tge
thi sha t.
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Genetic Diseases
The sickle cell mutation. One amino acid out of a total 287 differs in sickle cell haemoglobin compared with normal haemoglobin. In the latter, the triplet GAG (guanine, adenine, guanine) codes for the amino acid glutamic acid (left-hand diagram).
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Genes
• A gene is a sentence that tells a cell how to make a protein. Any changes to the instructions can alter the gene’s meaning. There are different ways that these changes can occur.
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Point Mutation: OriginalThe fat cat ate the wee rat.Point MutationThe fat hat ate the wee rat.Frame-shift mutation:OriginalThe fat cat ate the wee rat.Frame ShiftThe fat caa tet hew eer at.
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Deletion: OriginalThe fat cat ate the wee rat.DeletionThe fat ate the wee rat.Insertion: OriginalThe fat cat ate the wee rat.InsertionThe fat cat xlw ate the wee rat.
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Inversion:OriginalThe fat cat ate the wee rat.InsertionThe fat tar eew eht eta tac.
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