dna strycture 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to another.
DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
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DNA STRUCTURE
THE DNA STRUCTURE IS SHAPED LIKED A SPIRAL STAIRCASE, OR TWISTED LADDER.
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DNA STRUCTURE(An Overview)
DNA has three main components:• Deoxyribose ( pentose sugar)•Base (there are four different ones)•Phosphate group
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The deoxyribose sugar of the DNA backbone has 5 carbons and 3 oxygens.
DNA STRUCTURE
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DNA STRUCTURE
THE STEPS OF THE LADDER ARE MADE OF PAIRS OF NITROGEN BASES.
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DNA STRUCTURE
They are divided into two groupsPyrimidines and purines
Pyrimidines (made up of 6 atoms 4 carbon 2 nitrogen rings)ThymineCytosine
Purines (larger of the two bases; made up of 9 atoms that make up the fused rings 5 carbon, 4 nitrogen )AdenineGuanine
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DNA STRUCTURE
1. ADENINE = A2. GUANINE = G3. CYTOSINE = C4. THYMINE = T
They are represented by their capital letter.
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DNA STRUCTURE
There is only one way the nitrogen bases can form
ADENINE pairs with THYMINEGUANINE pairs with CYTOSINE
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DNA STRUCTUREQUESTION ?
CAN C JOIN WITH A
AND G JOIN WITH T
YES
NO
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CORRECT
MOVE ON
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SORRY REVIEW MORE
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DNA STRUCTURENucleotides Nucleotides are formed by the condensation of a pentose sugar, phosphate and one of the 4 basesThe following illustration represents one nucleotide
CIRCLE = Phosphate
PENTAGON= Deoxyribose
Rectangle= Base
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DNA STRUCTUREDNA Double Helix and Hydrogen Bonding
•Made of two strands of nucleotides that are joined together by hydrogen bonding•Hydrogen bonding occurs as a result of complimentary base pairing
Adenine and thymine pair upCytosine and guanine pair upEach pair is connected through hydrogen bondingHydrogen bonding always occurs between one pyrimidine and one purine
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DNA STRUCTURE•Adenine always pairs with thymine because they form two H bonds with each other
•Cytosine always pairs with guanine because they form three hydrogen bonds with each other
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DNA STRUCTUREAntiparallel strands
The strands run opposite of each other.
The 5’ end always has the phosphate attached. ’
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SAMPLE QUESTION
Which of the following nucleotide base sequences complements the section of DNA modeled above?F. 5′UTCGCA3′G. 5′TTAGCG3′H. 5′GCGATT3′J. 5′TTUCGC3′
3′AATCGC 5′
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SAMPLE QUESTION
The Correct Answer: G
G is the right answer because A (adenine) always pairs with T (thymine) and C (cytosine) always pair with (guanine).