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BCNG THNGTRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP. HCH MINH

N 2B

M HNH HTHNG CHITRT V NG NP CHAI NC

TNG

GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

SVTH:Thnh Tam 11286191Trn Quc Thng 11281531

TP. HCh Minh 7/2014

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N CHUYN NGHNH GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

Page | 2

LI CM N

Trong thi gian lm n, em nhn c nhiu sgip ,ng gp kin v chbo nhit tnh ca thy c, gia nh v bn b.

Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n GVHD: Phan Hu Tc, ging vinbmn in t- Trng i hc cng nghip TP. HCh Minh ngi tntnh hng dn, chbo em trong sut qu trnh lm n.

Em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong trng i hccng nghip TP. HCh Minh ni chung, cc thy c trong Khoa cng nghin tni ring dy dcho em kin thc vcc mn i cng cng nhcc mn chuynngnh, gip em c c c sl thuyt vng vng v to iu kin gip em trong sut qu tnh hc tp.

Cui cng, em xin chn thnh cm n gia nh v bn b, lun toiu kin, quan tm, gip , ng vin em trong sut qu tnh hc tp vhon thnh n ny.

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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TP.HCM. Ngy.thngnm..

GVHD

Phan Hu Tc

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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TP.HCM. Ngy.thngnm..

GVPB

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Mc Lc

CHNG I: L THUYT CC THNH PHN LIN QUAN..................................................... 6

1.1. PLC SIEMEN S7-1200........................................................................................................... 6

1.1.1. Khi nim chung PLC s7-1200....................................................................................... 6

1.1.2. Nhng c im ni bt ca Simatic S71200........................................................ 7

1.1.3. Phm vi ng dng ca Simatic S2 1200:....................................................................... 11

1.1.4. Cc chc nng ni bt ca CPU 1214C......................................................................... 11

1.1.5. S u dy PLC CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC................................................................ 11

1.1.6. Cu trc v nguyn l hot ng.................................................................................... 12

1.1.7. Cc tp lnh c bn trong PLC S7-1200....................................................................... 14

1.2. GII THIU VHTHNG GIM ST SCADA...................................................... 21

1.2.1. Gii thiu chung vSCADA................................................................................... 21

1.2.2. Hthng SCADA dng phn mm WinCC 7.2 ca hng SIEMENS..................... 22

1.3. NG C DC................................................................................................................. 24

1.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng:............................................................................................... 24

1.3.2 iu khin tc ng c DC................................................................................. 25

1.4. HTHNG KH NN:................................................................................................... 25

1.4.1: Van o chiu................................................................................................................ 251.4.2. C cu chp hnh........................................................................................................... 28

1.5. HTHNG CC CM BIN........................................................................................ 30

1.5.1. Khi nim........................................................................................................................... 30

1.5.2. Phn loi cm bin......................................................................................................... 30

CHNG II. THIT KV THI CNG...................................................................................... 33

2.1. THIT KPHN C KH............................................................................................. 33

2.1.1: Vn hnh ton hthng................................................................................................. 33

2.1.2: Vn hnh tng bphn.................................................................................................. 34

2.2. CC LINH KIN SDNG TRONG N................................................................. 38

2.2.1: PLC................................................................................................................................ 38

2.2.2: CM BIN.................................................................................................................... 38

CHNG III. LU GII THUT.......................................................................................... 40

3.1. Lu gii thut............................................................................................................... 40

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CHNG I: L THUYT CC THNH PHN LIN QUAN.

1.1. PLC SIEMEN S7-1200.

1.1.1. Khi nim chung PLC s7-1200.

PLC vit tt ca Programmable Logic Controller l thit b iu khin lptrnh c cho php thc hin linh hot cc thc ton iu khin logic thong quamt ngn nglp trnh. ngi sdng c thlp trnh thc hin mt lot trnh tcc skin. Cc skin ny c kch hot bi tc nhn kch thch tc ng vo

plc hoc qua cc hot ng c trnhthi gian nh k hay thi gian c m. Mtkhi skin c kch hot tht s, n bt ON hay OFF cc thit biu khin bnngoi c gi l thit bvt l. Mt biu khin lp trnh slin tc lp trongchng trnh do ngi sdng lp ra chtn hiu ng vo v xut tn hiu ngra ti cc thi im lp trnh.

khc phc nhng nhc im ca biu khin dung dy ni, ngi ta chtao biu khin plc nhm thomn cc yu cu sau:

Lp trnh ddng, ngn nglp trnh dhc Gn nh, dbo qun, sa cha Dung lng bnhln c thcha c nhng chng trnh phc tp Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip Giao tip c vi cc thit bthng minh khc nhmy tnh, ni mng, cc

module mrng

Cc thit ku tin l nhm thay cho cc phn cng Relay dy ni v cc

logic thi gian. Tuy nhin bn canh vic i hi tng cng dung lng nhvtnh ddng cho PLC m vn m bo tc xl cng nhgi c.

Chnh iu ny to ra squan tm su sc n vic sdng PLC trongcng nghip, cc tp lnh nhanh chng i tcc lnh logic n gin n cc lnhm, nh thi, thanh ghi dchSpht trin cc my tnh dn n cc bPLCcdung lng ln, slng I/O nhiu hn.

Hnh 1: S ca hthng PLC

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Trong PLC phn cng CPU v chng trnh l n vcbn cho qu trnhiu khin v xl hthng, chc nng m biu khin cn thc hin sc xcnh bng mt chng trnh. Chng trnh ny s c np sn vo b nh caPLC, PLC sthc hin vic iu khin da vo chng trnh ny. Nhvy numun thay i hay mrng chc nng ca quy trnh cng ngh. Ta chcn thay ichng trnh bn trong bnhPLC. Vic thay i hay mrng chc nng scthc hin mt cch ddng m khng cn mt scan thip vt l no so vi cc bdy ni hay Relay.

Cc dng sn phm ca SIEMENS

Hnh 2. Cc dng PLC ca hng SIEMENS

1.1.2. Nhng c im ni bt ca Simatic S71200.Thit kdng Module.

Hnh 3: PLC S-1200 v cc Module mrng

Tch hp cng truyn thng Profinet (Ethernet) to sddng trong kt ni.

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Simatic S71200 vi Simatic HMI Basic c lp trnh chung trn mt nnphn mm l TIA Portal V10.5 (Simatic Step 7 Basic, WinCC Basic) hoc versioncao hn. Cc thao tc lp trnh thc hin theo cch koth, do to sddngcho ngi s dng, lp trnh nhanh chng, n gin, chnh xc trong s truyn

thng kt ni theo tags.

Tch hp sn cc u vo ra, cng vi cc board tn hiu, khi cn mrngng dng vi slng u vo ra t stit kim c chi ph, khng gian v

phn cng. Ddng cho ngi sdng sn phm trong vic mua gi thit b.

Hnh 4: Gii thiu vPLC v cc Module mrng

a. Board tn hiu ca S7-1200 Board tn hiumt dng module mrng tn hiu vo/ra vi slng tn

hiu t, gip tit kim chi ph cho cc ng dng yu cu mrng slng tnhiu t

Gm cc board: 1 cng tn hiu ra analog 12 bit (0-10VDC, 0-20mA)

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Hnh 6 : Cu to board tn hiu v thng sb. Modules mrng tn hiu vo/ra.

Cc module mrng tn hiu vo/ra c gn trc tip vo pha bn phi caCPU. Vi di rng cc loi module tn hiu vo/ra sv analog, gip linh hot trongsdng S7-1200. Tnh a dng ca cc module tn hiu vo/ra sc tip tc pht

trin.

Hnh 7 : Module mrng cc cng I/O ca S7-1200.c. Module Analog

SMtn hiu module cho cc u vo v u ra Analog (cho CPU 1212C tia ca 2 SM c thsdng, cho 1214C ti a l 8)

Hnh 8 : Module Analog cho S7-1200

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d. Module truyn thng+ Giao tip vi RS 232/RS 485

Hnh 9 : Cc Module truyn thng cho S7-1200.

e. Thnh.SIMATIC thnh2MB hoc 24MB cho cc chng trnh lu trdliuv thay thCPU n gin bo tr.

Hnh 10 : Thnhdng trong PLC S7-1200.

f. Module ngunS dng module ngun PM 1207 c cc thng s: Input: 120/230V AC

50/60Hz, 1.2A/0.7A Output: 24V DC / 2.5A.

Hnh 11: Module Ngun.

g.

Switch

+ Module CSM1277 c 4 cng cm RJ45, tc 10/100Mb/s

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Hnh 12: Module Switch.

1.1.3. Phm vi ng dng ca Simatic S2 1200: S7 1200 bao gm cc hCPU 1211C, 1212C, 1214C. Mi loi CPU c

nhng tnh nng khc nhau, thch hp cho tng loi ng dng.

Cc kiu cp ngun v u vo ra c thl DC/DC/DC hay DC/DC/Rly u c khe cm th nh, dng cho khi m rng b nh cho CPU, copy

chng trnh ng dng hay cp nht firmware. Chn on li online/offline. Mt ng hthi gian thc cho cc ng dng thi gian thc

1.1.4. Cc chc nng ni bt ca CPU 1214C C 6 bm tc cao HSC dng cho cc ng dng m v o lng. C 2 ng ra PTO 100kHz iu khin tc , ng cbc hay servo. C ng ra PWM iu chrng xung cho cc ng dng iu khin tc

ng c, valve, nhit . C 16 biu khin PID vi tnh nng t ng xc nh thng s cho b

iu khin (Autotuning)

1.1.5. S u dy PLC CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC

Hnh 13: S u dy cho PLC s7-1200.

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1.1.6. Cu trc v nguyn l hot ng1.1.6.1.Cu trc

Tt cPLC u c thnh phn chnh l mt bnhchng trnh RAM bntrong, mt b vi x l c cng giao tip dng cho vic ghp ni vi PLC, cc

module I/O.Bn cnh , mt sPLC hon chnh cn i km theo mt n vlp trnh

bng tay hay bng my tnh. Hu ht cc n vlp trnh n gin u c RAMcha ng chng trinh di dng hon thin hay bsung. Nu n vlp trnhl n vsch tay, RAM thng l loi CMOS c pin dphng, chkhi no chngtrnh c kim tra v sn sang sdng th n mi truyn sang bnhPLC. ivi cc PLC ln thng lp trnh trn my tnh nhm htrcho vit, c v kim trachng trnh. Cc n vlp trnh ni vi PLC qua cng RS232, RS422, RS458.

1.1.6.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca PLC

CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. Bxl sc v kim trachng trnh c cha trong bnh, sau sthc hin tng lnh trong chngtrnh, sng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti cc thit blin kt thc thi v ton bcc hoat ng thc thi u phthuc vo chngtrnh iu khin c gitrong bnh.

Hthng bus l tuyn dng truyn tn hiu, hthng gm nhiu ng tnhiu song song:

Address bus: Bus a chdng truyn a chti cc module khc nhau Data bus: Bus dng truyn dliu Control bus: Bus iu khin dung truyn cc tn hiu nh th v iu

khin ng bcc hot ng trong PLC.

Hthng Bus slm nhim vtrao i thng tin gia CPU, bnhv I/O.

Bn cnh CPU c cung cp mt xung clock c tn s t 1, 8 Mhz.Xung ny quyt nh tc hot ng ca PLC v cung cp cc yu tvnh thi,ng hca hthng.

1.1.6.3. n tn hiu PLC .C 3 loi n bo hot ng:

Run/stop: n xanh/n vng bo hiu PLC ang hot ng/dng hot ng Error: n bo li Maint: n bo khi ta buc (Force) a chno ln 1

C 2 loi n chth:

Ix.x: Chtrng thi logic ng vo. Qx.x: Chtrng thi logic ng ra.

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1.1.6.4. BnhPLC.

PLC thng yu cu bnhtrong cc trng hp: Lm bnh thi cho ccknh trng thi I/O. Lm bm trng thi cc chc nng trong PLC nh nh thi,m, gi cc Relay.

Mi lnh ca chng trnh c mt v tr ring trong bnh, tt ccc v trtrong bnhu c nh s, nhng sny chnh l a chtrong bnh. a chca tng nhsc trn bi mt bm a chnm bn trong bvi xl.

Bvi xl sc gi trtrong bm ny thm mt trc khi xl lnh tiptheo.

Vi mt a chmi, ni dung ca nh tng ng sxut hin u ra,qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh c.

Bnhbn trong ca PLC c to bi vi mch bn dn, mi vi mch nyc kh nng cha 2000-16000 dng lnh tu theo loi vi mch trong PLC ccbnhnhRAM v EPROM u c sdng.

RAM c thnp chng trnh, thay i hay xo bni dung bt k lc no,ni dung ca RAM sbmt nu ngun in nui bmt. trnh tnh trngny cc PLC u c trang bpin kh c khnng cung cp nng lng dtrcho RAM tvi thng n vi nm. Trong thc tRAM c dng khito v kim tra chng trnh. Khuynh hng hin nay dung CMOSRAM dokhnng tiu ththp v tui thcao

EPROM l bnhm ngi sdng bnh thng c thc chkhng ghini dung vo c, ni dung ca EPROM khng bmt khi mt ngun, nc gn sn trong my, dc nh sn xut np v cha sn hiu hnh.

Nu ngi sdng khng mun sdng bnh th chdng EPROM gnbn trong PLC.

Trn PG c sn chghi v xo EPROM

EEEPROM lin kt vi nhng truy xut linh ng ca RAM v c tnh nnh. Ni dung ca n c thxo v lp trnh bng in tuy nhin sln l cgii hn.

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1.1.7. Cc tp lnh c bn trong PLC S7-1200

K hiu ThamS

Kiu dliu

Miu t

Cng t c

IN BOOL Cng tc thng ng hay thng m.Cc vng nhc th s dng l I, Q, M,D.

c th c ngay lp tc ngvo c thsng vo vt l thay v bin qu trnh.

Lnhlogic NOT

IN/OUT BOOL o trng thi ng vo/ra

Cun Coil

OUT BOOL

Trng thi ng ra l kt qu x l caphp ton logic ton logic

OUT BOOL o kt qung ra ca php ton logic.

Lnh Set vReset

K hiuThams

Kiu dliu

Miu t

Lnh Set v Reset 1 bit

OUT BOOL

Khi lnh Set c tc ng th a chng ra s c t ln 1.

OUT BOOLKhi lnh Reset c tc ng th ach ng ra s c tr v 0.

Lnh Set v Reset nhiubit

OUT BOOL

Khi lnh SET_BF c tc ng, mtchui gm n bit sc t ln 1 btu ti a chOUT.

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OUT BOOL

Khi lnh RESET_BF c tc ng,mt chui gm n bit s c trv1

bt u ti a chOUT.

Lnh SR v RS fliplopS1, R BOOL Mch cht RS u tin Set

OUT BOOL

R,S1 BOOL Mch cht SR u tin Reset

OUT BOOL

Lnh nhn bit xung cnh ln P vxung cnh xung N

K hiu Thams

Kiu dliu

Miu tNhn bit xung cnh ln v cnh xung

Pht hin sthay i trng thi ca 1 tn hiuvn hnh (IN) t0->1 (Thay i trng thi tnhiu pha trc khng nh hng g n IN).

Khi ng ra mc 1, tt ctrng hp cn liu mc 0. trng thi ca IN sc lu tr

trong M_BIT

IN BOOL

OUT BOOL

Pht hin sthay i trng thi ca 1 tn hiuvn hnh (IN) t1->0 (Thay i trng thi tnhiu pha trc khng nh hng g n IN).

Khi ng ra mc 1, tt ctrng hp cn liu mc 0. trng thi ca IN s c lu trtrong M_BIT

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OUT BOOL

Nu c s thay i ti RLO t 0->1 th binnh OUT s c set ln 1 cho 1 chukchng trnh cc trng hp cn li OUTu bng 0, M_BIT lu li trng thi caOUT.

Lnh P_TRIG v N_TRIG

BOOL

Khi ng vo clk c sthay i trng thilogic t0->1 spht ra 1 xung ng thitrng thi ca tn hiu lc ny sc luli vo M_BIT

BOOL

Khi ng vo clk c sthay i trng thilogic t1->0 spht ra 1 xung ng thitrng thi ca tn hiu lc ny sc luli vo M_BIT

Lnh Timer.

Sdng lnh Timer to 1 chng trnh trnh thi. Slng ca Timerphthuc vo ngi sdng v slng vng nhca CPU. Mi timer sdng 16byte IEC_Timer dliu kiu cu trc DB. Setp 7 tng to khi DB khi ly khiTimer.

Kch thc v tm ca kiu dliu Time 32bit, lu trl dliu Dint.

Tham s Kiu d liu Miu tIN Bool

Ng vo cho phptimer hot ng.

R Bool Reset timer

PT Time Thi gian t trc

Q Bool Ng ra

ET Time Thi gian thc hin

Timer TP-Timer to xung

Timer TP to mt chui xung vi rng xung t trc. Thay i PT, INkhng nh hng khi timer ang chy. Khi u vo IN c tc ng vo Timer sto ra 1 xung c rng bng thi gian t PT.

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Hnh 14: Nguyn l hot ng Timer xung

Timer TONTimer trsn ln c nh.

Khi ng vo IN c tc ng v duy tr trng thi lin tc vi thi gian hnthi gian t th ng ra Q schuyn ln mc 1. Khi ng vo ngng tc ng threset v dng hot ng Timer.

Thay i PT khi Timer ang chy khng nh hng ti Timer

Hnh 15: Nguyn l hot ng ca Timer trsn ln c nh.

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Thams

Khaibo

Kiu dliu

Vng nh M tIN Input BOOL I, Q, M, D, L Ng vo

PT In ut TIMEI, Q, M, D, Lor constant Gi trca tham s PTphi l tch cc

Q Output BOOL I, Q, M, D, L u ra c thit lp khithi gian PT ht.

ET Output TIME I, Q, M, D, L Gi trthi gian hin ti

Timer TOFTimer trsn xung

Khi ng vo tc ng th timer s tc ng v tip im thng h ca timer schuyn trng thi ln 1. Khi ng vo ngng tc ng th sau khong thi gian PT thtimer sngng tc ng.

Hnh 16: Nguyn l hot ng ca Timer trsn xung.

Timer TONRTimer trsn ln c nh

Khi tng thtc ng ca ng vo ln hn hay bng thi gian t PT th Timer sc tc ng v tip im thng m ca Timer s chuyn ln mc 1. V khitrng thi Reset ca Timer btc ng th Timer ngng hot ng v bReset li.

V d:

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Hnh 17: V dTimer trsn ln c nh

Counter

Lnh c dng im cc skin ngoi hay cc skin qu trnh trong

PLC. Mi Counter sdng cu trc lu trca khi dliuDBlm dliuca Counter. Step 7 tng to DB khi ly lnh.

Tham s Kiu d liu Miu t

CU, CD Bool m ln hay m xung

R Bool Reset gi tr m v 0

LOAD (CTD, CTUD) Bool Load gi tr t trc

PVSInt, Int, DInt, Int,

UInt UDInt

Gi tr m t trc

Q, QU Bool Mc 1 nu CV>=PV

QD Bool Mc 1 nu CV1. Ngra Q tc ng ln 1 khi CV>=PV. Nu trng thi R = reset c tc ng th bmCV=0

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V d:

Hnh 17: Nguyn l hot ng ca Counter m ln.

Counter m xungCTD

Gi trbm CV c gim 1 khi tnh hiu ng vo CD chuyn t0->1.

Ng ra Q tc ng ln 1 khi CV1.Ng vo QU c tc ng ln 1 khi CV>=PV. Nu trng thi R = Reset c tcng th bm CV= 0.

Gi trbm CV c gim 1 khi tn hiu ng vo CD chuyn t0->1. Ngra QD c tc ng ln 1 khi CV

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1.2. GII THIU VHTHNG GIM ST SCADA.1.2.1. Gii thiu chung vSCADA.

Hthng SCADA l vit tt ca (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition.

Hiu theo ngha truyn thng l mt h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp dliu. Nhm h tr con ngi trong qu trnh gim st v iu khin t xa. Tuynhin, trong thc tc mt sh thng vn thng c gi l SCADA, mc dnhng hthng ny chthc hin duy nht mt chc nng l thu thp dliu.

Cc thnh phn ca hthng:

o Trm iu khin gim st trung tm.o Trm thu thp dliu trung gian.o

Hthng truyn thng.o Giao din ngi - my HMI.

C chthu thp dliu.

Trong hSCADA, qu trnh thu thp dliu c thc hin trc tin qutrnh cc RTU qut thng tin c c tcc thit bchp hnh ni vi chng. Thigian thc thi nhim vny c gi l thi gian qut bn trong. Cc my chqut cc RTU (vi tc chm hn) thu thp dliu tcc RTU ny.

iu khin, cc my chsgi tn hiu yu cu xung cc RTU, tcho php cc RTU gi tn hiu iu khin trc tip xung cc thit b chp hnhthc thi nhim v.

Xl dliu.

Dliu truyn ti trong hSCADA c thl dng lin tc (anlog), dng s(digital) hay dng xung (pulse).

Giao din c svn hnh ti cc thit bu cui l mt mn hnh giao

din ha GUI (Graphical User Interface) dng hin thton bhthng iukhin gim st hoc cc thit b trong h thng. Ti mt thi im, d liu chin thdi dng hnh nh tnh, khi dliu thay i th hnh nh ny cng thay itheo.

Trong trng hp d liu ca h thng bin i lin tc theo thi gian, hSCADA thng hin thqu trnh thay i dliu ny trn mn hnh giao din ha (GUI) di dng th.

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1.2.2. Hthng SCADA dng phn mm WinCC 7.2 ca hng SIEMENS.1.2.2.1: Gii thiu vphn mm WinCC.

WinCC (Windows Control Center) l mt phn chuyn dng xy dng

giao din iu khin (Human Machine Interface), xl v lu trdliu cho mt hthng SCADA trn nn Windows (WinNT, WinXP, WinVista 32bit ...). WinCC lsn phm m Siemens thu Microsoft xy dng v hin ti bn mi nht l bnWinCC 7. V v vy m WinCC tha hng b quyt ca Siemens - mt cng tyhng u trong lnh vc tng ha qu trnh v nng lc ca Microsoftcng tyhng u trong lnh vc pht trin phn mm cho PC. WinCC c thddng tchhp trong cc hthng c quy m ln nhkhc nhau v cnhng hthng cp caonh MES (Manufacturing Excution System - h thng qun l vic thc hin snxut) v ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Thc tth WinCC v ang cng dng trn khp cc hthng ca Siemens trn ton cu.

1.2.2.2. Cc c im chnh ca WinCC:

WinCC sdng cc cng nghv phn mm tin tin do Microsoft lun lngi dn u trong pht trin cng nghphn mm.

WinCC c thmrng mt hthng tn gin n phc tp mt cch linhhot, ththng vi mt my tnh gim st ti hthng vi nhiu my tnh gimst hay hthng c tnh phn tn vi nhiu my ch

WinCC c hng lot cc module phn mm km theo gip nh hng theotng loi ng dng c pht trin sn ngi dng la chn khi cn

Tch hp trong cc b WinCC thng c cc h qun tr c s d liuODBC/SQL nh Sysbase SQL hay SQL Server (v d SQL Server2005 trongWinCC 7). V c thddng truy cp ti CSDL ca hthng bng ngn ngSQLhoc ODBC.

WinCC cng c tch hp cc giao din chun nh DDE v OLE ... dngchuyn i cc chng trnh chy trn nn Windows. Cc tnh nng khc nhActiveX control v OPC server cng c tch hp sn trong WinCC

lp trnh skin th WinCC htrngn nglp trnh chun ANSI- C vVBScripts (WinCC 7)

Tt c cc module ca WinCC giao din m cho giao din lp trnh dngngn ngC (C-API: Application Programming Interface). iu ny c ngha l cth tch hp c cu hnh ca WinCC c c cc hm thc hin (runtime) vo mtchng trnh ca ngi sdng

C th ci t trc tuyn WinCC bng vic dng thut s ci t (SetupWizards)

WinCC htra ngnngnh Anh, Php, c v thm ch cmt sngnngchu , M cng c tch hp lm ngn ngsdng

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WinCC htrhu ht cc loi PLC do n gn sn cc knh truyn thnggiao tip cc loi PLC ca Siemens nh S5,S7,505 cng nh thng qua cc giaothc chung nh Profibus DP, DDE hay OPC. Thm vo cc chun thng tinkhc cng c sn hay c la chn bsung

WinCC l phn t SCADA trong h thng PCS7 ca Siemens (l mt hthng iu khin qu trnh, mt gii php tng ha c tch hp ton din).

Hnh 19. Giao din hthng phn mm WinCC.

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1.3. NG C DC.ng c DC l ng c in hot ng vi dong in mt chiu. ng c in mtchiu ng dng rng ri trong cc ng dng dn dng cng nh cng nghip.

Thng thng ng c in mt chiu chchy mt tc duy nht khi ni vingun in, tuy nhin vn c thiu khin tc v chiu quay ca ng c vishtrca cc mch in tcng phng php PWM.

ng c in mt chiu dng trong dn dng thng l cc ng c hot ng viin p thp dng vi ti nh. Trong cng nghip, ng c in mt chiu c sdng nhng ni yu cu moment mmy ln hoc yu cu thay i tc trong

phm vi rng. y ta chnghin cu ng c DC trong dn dng chhot ngvi in p 24V trxung.

Cu to:

Mt ng c DC gm 6 phn c bn:

- Phn ng hay Rotor- Nam chm to ttrng hay Stator- Cgp- Chi than- Trc motor- Bphn cung cp dng in DC.

Hnh 20: Cu to ng c DC.1.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng:

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Khi c mdng in chy qua cun day qun xung quanh mt li st, cnhpha bn cc dng sbtc ng bi mt lc hng ln, trong khi cnh idin li b tc ng bng mt lc hng xung theo nguyn l bn tay trica Fleming. Cc lc ny gy tc ng quay ln cun dy, v lm cho Rotorquay. lm cho rotor quay lin tc v ng chiu, mt bcgp in slm chuyn mch dng in sau mi vtr ng vi chu k. Chc vn l khi mt ca cun dy song song vi cc ng sc ttrng. Ngha l lcquay ca ng c bng 0 khi cun dy lch 900so vi phng ban u can, khi rotor squay theo qun tnh. Tng tc gia dng in phn ngv tthng kch thch to thnh momen tin t. Do phn ng scquay quanh trc.

1.3.2 iu khin tc ng c DC.Thng thng, tc quay cua mt ng c in mt chiu tl vi in p t

vo n, v ngu lc quay tlvi dng in. C nhiu phng php thay itc ng c DC, y ta sdng phng php iu khin thng thng nhtl thay i in p t vo ng c.

1.4. HTHNG KH NN:1.4.1: Van o chiu.

Van o chiu c nhim viu khin dng nng lng bng cch ng, mhay chuyn i vtr, thay i hng ca dng nng lng.

Nguyn l hot ng ca van o chiu.

Hnh 21: Nguyn l ca Van o chiu.

Khi cha c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), th ca (1) bchn v ca (2) nivi ca (3). Khi c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12) (kh nn), lc ny nng van sdch chuyn vpha bn phi, ca (1) ni vi ca (2) v ca (3) bchn. Trnghp tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12) mt i, di tc dng ca lc l xo, nng van trvvtr ban u.

K hiu van o chiu

Chuyn i v tr ca nng van -c biu din bng cc vung lin nhauvi cc chci 0, a, b, c, ... hay cc s0, 1, 2, ..

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V tr 0 c k hiu l v tr, m khi van ch-a c tc ng ca tn hiungoi vo.

i vi van c 3 vtr, th vtr gia l vtr 0, cn i vi van c 2 vtr,th vtr 0 c thl a hoc b, thng vtr b l vtr 0.

Bn trong vung ca mi v tr l cc -ng thng c hnh mi tn, biudin hng chuyn ng ca dng kh qua van. Trng hp dng b chn, c

biu din bng du gch ngang.

Hnh 22: Nguyn tc hot ng ca Van o chiu

Mt svan o chiu thng gp:

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Hnh 23: Cc van o chiu thng gp

Cc tn hiu tc ng

Nu k hiu l xo nm ngay pha bn phica k hiu ca van o chiu, thvan o chiu c vtr 0. iu c ngha l chng no cha c tc dng vo

nng van, th l xo tc ng givtr . Tc ng pha i din ca van, v d: tnhiu tc ng bng c, bng kh nn hay bng in gi vung pha tri ca van vc k hiu 1.

a. Tn hiu tc ng bng tay

Hnh 24: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng tay.

b. Tn hiu tc ng bng c.

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Hnh 25: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng c hc.

c. Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn.

Hnh 26: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn.

d. Tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in.

Hnh 27: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in.

1.4.2. C cu chp hnh.

C cu chp hnh c nhim vbin i nng lng kh nn thnh nng lng chc. C cu chp hnh c ththc hin chuyn ng thng (xilanh) hoc chuyn

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ng quay (ng c kh nn). trng thi lm vic n nh,th khnng truynnng lng c phng php tnh ton ging thy lc.

Mt sxilanh, ng c kh nn thng gp:

Hnh 28: Xilanh tc dng n (tc dng mt chiu)

Hnh 29: Xilanh tc dng hai chiu (tc dng kp)

Hnh 30: Xilanh tc dng hai chiu c c cu gim chn khng iu chnh c

Hnh 31: Xilanh tc dng hai chiu c c cu gim chn iu chnh c.

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Hnh 32: Xilanh quay bng thanh rng.

Hnh 33: ng c kh nn 1 chiu, 2 chiu

1.5. HTHNG CC CM BIN.1.5.1. Khi nim.

Cm bin l thit bdng cm nhn bin i cc i lng vt l v cci lng khng c tnh cht in cn o thnh cc i lng c tho v xl c.

Cc i lng o (M) thng khng c tnh cht in (nh nhit , p sut,trng lng) tc ng ln cm bin cho ta i lng c trng (S) mang

tnh cht in nh (nh in tch, in p, dng in hay tr khng) chang thng tin cho php xc nh gi trca i lng . c trng (s) l hm ca i lng cn o (M) S = F(M) Ngi ta gi (S) l i lng u ra hoc phn ng ca cm bin. (M) l i

lng u vo hay kch thch ( c ngun gc i lng cn o). Thng quao c (S) cho php nhn bit gi tr(M)

1.5.2. Phn loi cm bin.Cc bcm bin c phn loi theo c trng sau y:

Theo nguyn l chuyn i gia p ng kch thch.o Vt l: Nhit in, quang in, quang t, in t,o Ha hc: Bin i in ha, bin i ha hc, phn tch ph.o Sinh hc: Bin i sinh ha,

Phn loi theo dng kch thch.o m thanh: Bin pha, phn cc, ph, tc truyn sng,o in: in tch, dng in, in th, n trng, in dn, hng s

in mi,.o T: Ttrng, tthng, cng in trng, tthm,.o

Quang: Bin,pha, phn cc, ph, tc truyn,o C: Vtr, lc, p sut,.

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Theo tnh nng ca bcm bin.o chnh xco phn giio chn lco tuyn tnho Cng sut tiu tho Di tno tr

Phn loi theo phm vi sdngo Cng nghipo Nghin cu khoa hco Mi trng, kh tngo Thng tin, vin thngo Nng nghipo Dn dngo V tro Qun s

Phn loi theo thng s, m hnh mch thay th.o Cm bin tch cc u ra l ngun p, ngun dng (NPN, PNP)o Cm bin thng c c trng bi thng sR, L, C, M..tuyn

tnh hoc phi tuyno ng cong chun ca cm bin l ng cong c biu din s

phthuc vo i lng in (S) u ra ca cm bin vo gi trcai lng o (m) u vo.

b. Mt vi loi cm bin thng sdng.

Cm bin tim cn.c im:

- Pht hin vt khng cn tip xc- Tc p ng nhanh- u cm bin nhc thlp t nhiu ni- C thsdng trong mi trng khc nghitC hai loi cm bin tim cn:

Cm bin t.

Cm bin in dung.

o Cm ng T.- Nguyn Tc Hot ng:- Ttrng do cun dy ca sensor to ra sthay i khi tng tc vi

vt thkim loi (do chpht hin c vt thkim loi).

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Hnh 34: Nguyn tc hot ng cm bin t

o Cm ng in Dung- Nguyn Tc Hot ng:- Pht hin theo nguyn tc tnh in (s thay i in dung gia vt

cm bin v u sensor), c thpht hin tt cvt

Hnh 35: Nguyn tc hot ng cm bin in dung.

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CHNG II. THIT KV THI CNG.

2.1. THIT KPHN C KH.2.1.1: Vn hnh ton hthng.

Hnh 36: S vn hnh hthng

- Bt cng tc ngun hthng c in, hthng sn sng bt u hot ng.- Nhn Start th hthng sbt u hot ng.- Khi nhn stop hthng sngng hot ng.- Nhn Reset hthng hot ng li tu.

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2.1.2: Vn hnh tng bphn.2.1.2.1. Bphn lt v ra chai.

Hnh 37: C cu lt v ra chai

- Khi chai qua v tr cm bin m cb1 khi m s lng. Van 2 ngXylanh 1 ngn cho chai tip theo i vo, sau Van 1 iu khin Xylanh kpchai li , Van 5 thu vmca chn cho hthng lt chai. Motor 4 quay

thun n khi chm cng tc hnh trnh th dng li. Motor bm nc sbm ra chai trong 2 s.- Sau 2s motor 4 squay ngc li a chai vbng ti. Khi chm cng tc

hnh trnh th motor 4 dng li. Van 1 thu li thchai ra v ng thi Van5 ng li a chai chli bng chuyn, sau mt khong thi gian delays, cho chai n nh trn bng truyn. Van 3 thu va chai qua cng ontip theo. Sau khi cm bin m CB2 m slng chai qua sngVan 3 ng thi Van 2 thu va chai tip tc vo bphn ra chai.

- Trong sut qu trnh hot ng 2 bng ti lin tc hot ng.

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2.1.2.2. :Bphn rt nc vo chai.

Hnh 38 : c cu rt nc vo chai

- Sau khi chai c ra sdi chuyn ti bphn rt nc . khi cm bin bphn rt nc nhn c chai. Motor 2 iu khin mm chuyn dng li,Motor 8 l m motor bm nc s rt nc vo chai, sau mt khong thigian delays, nc vo y chai. Khi y chai th Motor 2 tip tc hotng a chai n vtr ca bphn tip theo.

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2.1.2.3: Bphn cp np:

Hnh 39: C cu cp np

- Sau khi c rt y nc, chai c a ti bphn cp np.- Bphn cp np gm mt hp cha np. Sau khi np a vo hp, DC s

hot ng a lp ti bphn phn loi np. Bphn phn loi gm cckt cu c kh, khi np khng t yu cu srt vhp ng di. Cc npt sc a xung sn sng c a vo chai. Cc lp khng t sc a ln bng tay.

- Sau khi np c phn loi, np sdi chuyn theo thanh bphn cp np,i xung vtr khi chai nc i qua schm vo bphn ly np, v ngthi ko theo mt np. Bphn cp np scp mt np tip tc cp npcho chai tip theo.

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2.1.2.4: Bphn ng np.

Hnh 40: C cu ng np

- Sau khi chai c cp np sdi chuyn ti bphn ng np, khi cm binb phn ng np pht hin c chai. Motor 2 s ngng li di Xylanhng np, bphn ng np sc hxung motor 5 trn b phn ngnp shot ng sit cht np vo chai.Sau khong thi gian Delays xylanhng np sc i ln bng truyn tip tc hot ng, a chai qua bphntip theo.

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2.2. CC LINH KIN SDNG TRONG N.

2.2.1: PLCSdng PLC Siemens S7-1200 CPU 1214DC/DC/DC

- C 14 ng vo/ 10 Ng ra- in p ngun ni 24VDC- in p ng ra 24VDC

Hnh 41: PLC S7-1200 CPU 1214 DC/DC/DC

2.2.2: CM BIN.ER-18.

Hnh 42. Cm bin quang Aotoro ER-18

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CHNG III. LU GII THUT

3.1. Lu gii thut phn lt ra.

Start

BNG TI = 1

CT1 = 3

VAN5=1VAN1=1

DONG CO 4L =1

HT2 = 1

Y

N

N

BMMT7=1

DONGCO40=1

BM (MT7=0)

TM1=1

HT=1

Y

VAN5=0

VAN1=0

DONG CO 4L =0

TM2=1

VAN3=1

CT2=1

VAN3=0

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3.2. LU GII THUT PHN RT NC V NG NP.

Lu phn ng rt nc v chai.

BM

MT8 =1

CB3=1

TM3=1

BM

MT8 =0

TM4=1

START

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

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LU PHN NG NP.

VAN 4 =1

MT5 = 1

CB4=1

TM5=1

VAN 4 = 0

MT5 = 0

TM6=1

START

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

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