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Do Now:. Examine the circuit below. The two red neurons are excitatory and the two blue neurons are inhibitory. What effect would removing the two blue inhibitory neurons have on this circuit’s activity? . Removing Inhibition: The Effect Locally. X. X. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Do Now:• Examine the circuit below. The two red neurons are
excitatory and the two blue neurons are inhibitory.
• What effect would removing the two blue inhibitory neurons have on this circuit’s activity?
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Removing Inhibition: The Effect Locally
X X
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Removing Inhibition: The Effect Distantly
X XLocal
Distant
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Can anyone think of a condition caused by abnormal disordered neuronal activity?
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Epilepsy
• Chronic neurological condition that results in unprovoked seizures.
• Seizures are the changes in behavior caused by disordered abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
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Symptoms of Seizure
• Positive– Acquiring an abnormal behavior– Ex. Jerking an arm
• Negative– Losing a normal behavior– Ex. Temporary loss of sight
Normal Vision Loss of Vision
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Symptoms of Seizure
Visual
Auditory
Somatosensory Motor in limbs
Motor in face and head
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Types of Seizures
• Partial Seizures– Occur when abnormal electrical activity remains in
a limited area of the brain
• Generalized Seizures– Occur when abnormal electrical activity extends
throughout the entire brain
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Partial Seizure• Originate within a small group of neurons
called a seizure focus• Start due to loss of inhibitory control
Seizure Focus
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Partial Seizure: Spread from Seizure Focus
Seizure Focus
Thalamus
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Partial Seizure: Spread from Seizure Focus
Seizure Focus
Thalamus
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Generalized Seizures
• Originate within the thalamus• Start simultaneously in both sides of the brain
Thalamus
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Measuring Seizures
• EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain.
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Measuring Seizures
• EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain.
• Placement of Electrodes– F – Frontal Lobe– T – Temporal Lobe– P – Parietal Lobe– O – Occipital Lobe– C – Motor Cortex
• Number system– Odd – Right hand side– Even – Left hand side
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Measuring Seizures
• EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain.
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Measuring Seizures
Normal
Partial Seizure
Generalized Seizure
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Analyzing EEGs
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Patient 1FP2-F8
F8-T4
T4-P6
P6-O2
FP2-F2
F4-C2
C4-P4
P4-O4
FP1-F7
F7-T3
T3-T5
T5-O1
FP1-F3
F3-C3
C3-P3
P3-O1
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Patient 2FP1-F7
F7-T7
T7-P7
P7-O1
FP2-F8
F8-T8
T8-P8
P8-O2
FP1-LCheek
LCheek –P1
FP2-RCheek
RCheek –P2
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Patient 3
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Treatment
Medicines SurgeryVagus Nerve Stimulation