Do now• Where is the coldest place on earth?• Why?

Today• As the movie goes on you are expected to take short

notes then the following day turn in a movie journal detail the previous day’s viewing.

• Last night’s Journal, please pull it out. Technically two sets (last Thursday & Friday)

Homework• 1. Summary log of Gattaca, due at the beginning of

Class on Thursday• 2. Research paper Due Next Monday in class. See next

slide

Research paper4th Essay Type 4 –total point value 100 points). Write this down

• Three to five pages with a title page containing FCA’s, Catchy Title & your name (20 points) (same as previous FCA)

• Proper capitalization & spelling (20 points)• Minimum of 2 sources properly listed on the Bibliography

page & appropriate sources (10 points)• Proper Bibliography with sources (remember a minimum of

2) used. (20 points)• Due by 9:20AM (EST) Essay submitted in class (Monday

Feb. 10th) (30 points)

Gattaca

• Characters: • Vincent – older brother – not perfect. Impersonates

someone to be space traveler. • Anton – younger brother, considered perfect also a cop• Irene – Friend / co-worker of Vincent• Director – Runs the Space Agency Gattaca• Jerome (Eugene) Morrow – Perfect person, but now in

wheelchair. Allows Vincent to take on his identy• Dr. Lamar – doing the DNA testing• Detective Hugo – Cop tracking down the murder

Review - CO and SO2

• Carbon monoxide (CO) = colorless, odorless gas– Produced primarily by incomplete combustion of fuel– From vehicles and engines, industry, waste combustion,

residential wood burning– Poses risk to humans and animals, even in small

concentrations

• Sulfur dioxide (SO2) = colorless gas with a strong odor– Coal emissions from electricity generation, industry– Can form acid precipitation

Areas in the U.S. fail air quality standards

Many Americans live in areas with unhealthy levels of criteria pollutants

U.S. air pollution

In 2008, the U.S. emitted 123 million tons of the six monitored pollutants

The average U.S. driver emits 6 metric tons of CO2/yr as well as other pollutants!

Toxic substances pose health risks

• Toxic air pollutants = substances that cause: – Cancer, reproductive defects– Neurological, developmental, immune system, or

respiratory problems• The EPA regulates 188 toxic air pollutants from metal

smelting, sewage treatment, industry, etc.• Include heavy metals, VOCs, diesel, urban hazards• Clean Air Act regulations helped reduce emissions by

more than 35% since 1990

U.S. health risks vary geographically

Nationwide cancer risks Non-cancerous respiratory ailments

Industrializing nations suffer increasing pollution

• Outdoor pollution is getting worse in developing nations• Factories and power plants pollute– Governments emphasize economic growth, not pollution

control• People burn traditional fuels (wood and charcoal)– And more own cars

• China has the world’s worst air pollution– Coal burning, more cars, power plants, factories– Causing over 300,000 premature deaths/year

Air pollution in China

• The government is trying to decrease pollution– Shutting down heavily polluting factories and mines– Phasing out some subsidies for polluting industries– Installing pollution controls in factories– Encouraging renewable and nuclear energy– Mandating cleaner burning fuels

• Air is improving in Beijing – true?• But not in other places• Asian (Atmospheric) Brown Cloud = a 2-mile-thick layer of

pollution over southern Asia– Decreased plant productivity, increased flooding, etc.

New Material - Smog

• Smog = an unhealthy mixture of air pollutants over urban areas

• Smog in Donora killed 21 people and sickened 6,000• Sulfur in burned coal combines with oxygen to form

sulfuric acid• Industrial (gray air) smog = industries burn coal or oil– Regulations in developed countries reduced smog

• Coal-burning industrializing countries face health risks– Coal and lax pollution control

Photochemical (brown air) smog

• Produced by a series of reactions– Formed in hot, sunny cities surrounded by mountains

• Light-driven reactions of primary pollutants and atmospheric compounds– Morning traffic releases NO and VOCs– Irritates eyes, noses, and throats

• Los Angeles smog kills 3,900/year and costs $28 billion/year.

• High levels of NO2 cause photochemical smog to form a brown haze over cities