do now! can you remember the difference between a factual and a verbal dispute?
TRANSCRIPT
Do now!Can you remember the difference between a factual and a verbal dispute?
Nominal Fallacy
Assuming we have explained something just because we have named it
Nominal Fallacy
“Why is iron attracted to a magnet?”
“Because iron is magnetic”
Nominal Fallacy
“Why are there many tribal wars in Papua New Guinea?”
“Many people there have group aggressive syndrome”
Nominal Fallacy
“Why is lead heavy”
“Because it is very dense”
Nominal fallacy
Try to spot the nominal fallacies in the following;
Nominal Fallacy?
“What caused the baby’s death”
“Sudden Infant Death Syndrome”
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why did the water pipes burst?”
“Because the temperature fell below zero(freezing), and when water freezes it expands”
Nominal Fallacy?
“What caused the earthquake”
“A sudden movement of rocks beneath the earth’s surface”
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why does sugar dissolve in water?”
“Because it is soluble”
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why did the apple fall to the ground?”
“Because of gravity”
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why did the apple fall to the ground?”
“Because of gravity”
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why did the apple fall to the ground?”
“Because of gravity”
COOL!
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why did Peter Sutcliffe murder 13 people”
“Because he is insane”
Nominal Fallacy?
“Why did the stock market fall yesterday?”
“Because of a technical adjustment and profit-taking by investors”
Empirical propositions and value judgements
Empirical propositions and value judgements
Many words have positive and negative connotations that can blur the distinction between a fact and a value
Connotations
Blair is a murderer
Connotations
Cristina is a spinster
Connotations
Albert is brainy
Connotations
Can you think of some propositions of your own in which an empirical proposition is turned into a value judgement by a connotation?
Relevant facts
Some empirical facts may be relevant to the justification of value judgements
Relevant facts
Gary is a bad man
Relevant facts
Tiger is a good golfer
Relevant facts
Oslo International School is a good school
Empirical propositions and metaphysics
Empirical propositions and metaphysics
Some empirical facts may be relevant to the justification of our metaphysical beliefs
Empirical propositions and metaphysics
God created the universe in six days about 6000 years ago.
Push hard enough!
If you push an empirical proposition hard enough, it collapses into a metaphysical one.
Empirical proposition
Push hard enough!
If you push an empirical proposition hard enough, it collapses into a metaphysical one.
Metaphysical proposition
Push hard enough!I know that my car is parked outside
But how can you be sure you are not
dreaming?
Push hard enough!I know that all
metals expand when heated.
But how can you be sure the laws
of physics will hold tomorrow
?
Push hard enough!
I know that World War 2 started in
1939
But how can you be
sure the past really
exists?
Push hard enough!
I know that World War 2 started in
1939
But how can you be
sure the past really
exists?
Who cares?
Fortunately we have seen that you
don’t need complete certainty to say you “know”
something!