do now: monday, oct. 26 objective: body movements do now: 1.what is the difference between voluntary...
TRANSCRIPT
Do Now: Monday, Oct. 26
Objective: Body MovementsDo Now:1.What is the difference between voluntary and
involuntary?2.Give one example of a voluntary muscle and
one example of an involuntary muscle.
Agenda: Notes, Whiteboard Practice, Poster
Body Movements
1. Flexion: decreases angle, brings bones together– Biceps, hamstrings
2. Extension: increases angle, brings bones apart– Triceps, quadriceps
Body Movements
Figure 6.13a–c
Body Movements
3. Abduction: move away from midline4. Adduction: move to midline
Body Movements
5. Rotation: move around an axis– Shake your head “no”
6. Circumduction: combination of flex, extend, abduct, & adduct– Shoulder
Body Movements
7. Dorsiflexion: ease up on the gas peddle (foot)8. Plantar flexion: step on gas peddle (foot)
Body Movements
9. Supination: move palm up – Hold a can of soup
10. Pronation: move palm down
Body Movements
11. Inversion: turn the sole inward12. Eversion: turn the sole outward
Whiteboard Practice
• Guided Practice: Which is it?
Flex Extend SupinatePronate Rotate CircumductEversion Inversion AbductionAdduction Dorsiflex Plantar flex
Independent Practice
• Create a “Body Movements” Poster– Include all 12 body movements in their pairs– Draw a picture or use words to describe each
action
Body Movements
Flexion & Extension Abduction & Adduction
Decreases Increases Away Towards angle angle
Recap Information
• What movements are turning the sole inward and outward?
• What movements are moving away from and toward the midline?
• What movements are shaking your head and moving your shoulder in a circle?
• What movements are decreasing and increasing an angle?
• ***Muscle test will be on Wednesday 10/28• 3 types of muscle tissue:– Examples, striated, V/I, one or more nuclei?
• Difference between voluntary and involuntary.• Examples of voluntary, involuntary, and both.• 12 body movements
Recap Information
1. What movements are palms up and palms down?
2. Draw a picture of flexion and extension.**Reminder: Bones summary due at end of class.**Quiz Today on Muscle Types and Body
Movements!
Types of Muscles
• Muscles can’t push – they only pull.• 12 body movements– Result of teams of muscles acting together or
against each other– Skeletal muscles arranged in this way
Types of Muscles
• Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement– Biceps: flex elbow
• Fixator – stabilizes the bone of a prime mover– Postural muscles: stabilize vertebrae
Types of Muscles
• Antagonist – muscle that opposes/reverses a prime mover– Triceps (extend) opposes biceps (flex)
• Synergist – muscle that helps a prime mover do the same movement– Arm and leg muscles
Head Muscles
• Facial Muscles: inserted into other muscles or skin (not bone)– Smile, grin, frown, pout…
• Chewing Muscles: help breakdown food
Facial Muscles
• Frontalis: covers frontal bone– Insertion: skin of eyebrows– Action: wrinkle forehead
Facial Muscles
• Orbicularis oculi– Insertion: tissue around eyes– Action: squint, blink, wink
Facial Muscles
• Orbicularis oris– Insertion: skin around mouth– Action: close mouth and stick out lips (kissing
muscle)
Facial Muscles
• Buccinator:– Insertion: orbicularis oris– Action: flattens the cheek (whistle) and helps in
chewing
Facial Muscles
• Zygomaticus– Insertion: corner or lips– Action: raises corners of mouth up (smile)
Chewing Muscles
• Masseter– Insertion: mandible– Action: closes the jaw
Facial Muscles
• Temporalis– Insertion: mandible– Action: closes the jaw
**Both the temporalis and masseter close the jaw (same action)….what do we call this type of muscle?
Chewing Muscles
• Occipitalis– Insertion: occipital bone– Action: draws back the scalp to wrinkle forehead
What muscle is this muscle a synergist with?
Practice• Whiteboards:– Only write on the boards the answers to the
questions– You will have about 15 seconds to answer the
question.– Keep your answers to yourself.– I will tell you when to raise the boards up.– Participation points: you will receive a zero for the
day if you do not participate on every question.
• Smiling muscle
• Covers the frontal bone and wrinkles the forehead
• Squint and blink
• Whistle (flatten the cheek)
• Synergists that close the jaw (two bones)
• Muscle that opposes the action of another
• Two synergist muscles that work together to wrinkle the forehead
• Muscle that holds the bone in place
• End of today’s information
• Tomorrow Slides 36-65 will be covered.
Labeling Head Muscles
Labeling Head Muscles
DO NOW
• Do Now: Tuesday, Oct. 27– What two muscles are synergists that close the
jaw?– What two muscles are synergists that help to
wrinkle the forehead?– What muscle helps covers the cheekbone and
helps you smile?
Neck/Trunk Muscles
• Trunk: – Move the vertebral column– Anterior thorax: move ribs, head, arms– Abdomi
• Neck: Move the head and shoulder girdle– Small and straplike
Anterior Muscles
• Platysma– Insertion: tissue around mouth– Action: pull corners of mouth down
Anterior, neck
Labeling Head Muscles
Anterior Muscles
• Sternocleidomastoid– Insertion: Temporal bone– Action: rotate head**Turn head to left use right SCM
Anterior, neck
Labeling Head Muscles
Anterior Muscles
• Pectoralis major (pecs)– Insertion: humerus– Action: adduct and flex humerus
Anterior, trunk
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
Anterior Muscles
• Rectus abdominus (abs)– Insertion: sternum and ribs– Action: flex vertebral column
**Run vertically
Anterior, trunk
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
Anterior Muscles
• External oblique– Insertion: ilium– Action: flex/rotate ribsAnterior, trunk
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.16
Posterior Muscles
• Trapezius– Insertion: scapula– Action: extend and adduct scapula
Posterior, trunk
Posterior Muscles
• Latissimus dorsi (lats)– Insertion: humerus– Action: extends and adducts humerus
Posterior Muscles
• Erector spinae (back)– Insertion: ribs/vertebrae– Action: extends back
**Very deep muscles cannot see on a diagram.Posterior, trunk
Posterior Muscles
• Deltoid (shoulder)– Insertion: humerus– Action: abducts humerus
Posterior, trunk
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Figure 6.17
PRACTICE
• Erector spinae External oblique• Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid• Latissimus dorsi Deltoid• Pectoralis major• Platysma• Rectus abdominus
DO NOW
– What do you call your ab muscles?– Shoulder muscles?– Upper chest muscles?– Deep back muscles?– Muscle you can feel when you turn your head
from side to side?
DO NOW
– What muscle helps you connects at the corners of the mouth and helps you frown?
– Trunk muscle that helps you rotate your body from side to side?
– What muscle forms a trapezoid shape on the posterior side of your body?
– What muscle helps you whistle?
AGENDA
– Catch up on missed notes.– Complete the coloring worksheet for the muscles
in the top portion that we have covered already.– Complete the muscles practice questions.• Create 5 multiple choice questions with a/b/c/d choices
about muscles with answers.• Switch with a partner and see how many he/she gets
correct.• Turn both sheets in at the end of the period.
Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 6.19c
Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20
Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.21
Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.22
DO NOW
• Answer on the top of your guided notes.• What are antagonistic muscles?• Give two examples you can think of in your
body (hint: one muscle flexes and the other extends)
Project sheet will be given out and explained at the end of class.
Skeletal Muscle Movement
• Skeletal muscles work in antagonistic pairs- one muscle bends a joint, the other extends the joint– Hamstrings and Quadriceps– Biceps and Triceps– Abductors and adductors
Skeletal System Disorders
• -itis: inflammation – Pain and swelling– Body fights infection
Skeletal System Disorders
• Bursitis: inflammation of the bursa in the knee– Caused by falling on one’s knee– “Water on the knee”
Skeletal System Disorders
• Arthritis– 100 different inflammatory diseases of the joints– Pain, stiffness, & joint swelling– Membrane thickens and joint fluid decreases
friction (pain)
Skeletal System Disorders• Osteoarthritis: most common type– Affects elderly as cartilage breaks down– T(x): aspirin, exercise, & rest when needed
• Rheumatoid arthritis– Cartilage is destroyed– Scar tissue forms and becomes bone
• Gout: waste product accumulates in blood and is deposited in joints causing great pain (big toe)
Skeletal System Disorders
Skeletal System Disorders
• Osteoporosis– Loss in bone mass fragile bones– Consequence of aging (esp. in women)– Leads to fractures (hip)
Muscular Disorders
• Muscular Dystrophy– Lack of protein dystrophin – Muscles weaken and break down, replaced by fat
and connective tissue– Gets worse over time– T(x): manage the symptoms
Muscular Disorders
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome– Carpal tunnel: narrow passageway for bones and
ligaments at wrist– Median nerve is squeezed at the wrist– Results in pain/weakness in the hand and wrist– Causes: genetic, overuse, sprain– Treatment: aspirin, exercise, rest, surgery
Muscle Injury• Strain- overstretching or tearing of a muscle • Sprain- injury occurring in joint area where
ligament is damaged (worse)• Cramp- painful muscle spasm, symptom of
ion/water imbalance or mild inflammation/irritation
• Contusion- muscle bruise, localized internal bleeding and inflammation
Semester Project
• 4 hours of class time to complete the project.• If you use your time wisely, you should have
no problem finishing in time.– While one student is building the model, the other
student should be making the labels.• Exempt students will not have to complete
the write-up.• If you need any simple materials from me, just
ask and I will try to help.
Rubric
• Behavior is a large portion of your grade– Remember your materials for Wednesday– If you forget, you will make labels or begin your
write-up for your project– I am going to the store tonight so if you absolutely
need me to pick something up, let me know, but remember to use cheap, household materials.
Before you leave….
• On a sheet of loose-leaf paper, include the following:– Partner names (one group of three or someone
can work alone)– Materials you are using for your project– Materials you need from me (make sure to ask
first though, don’t assume I will get them for you)
Example Project
Examples