Do Now Quick quiz from the reading. Open your notebooks to last night’s reading (worth 30 points) and the other 20 points is from the quiz.

Tonight’s homework• Read starting at 726 at Positive Effects of the Industrial

Revolution to the end of the section on page 728 (MUST take notes and part of your notes will be the terms in blue bold print)

Quick review • The steam locomotive began a major industry.• 1. Cheaper for manufactures to ship their products.• 2. Workers were needed to build the railways, man

the coal mines and build & maintain the railway cars• 3. Farmers benefited from getting the crops to market

and now they could search for the best price• 4. The trains encouraged travel and living outside the

cities and commuting to work.

New Material • The Industrial Revolution impacted all levels of

society. Some for good and some for bad. • The machine was designed to improve the life of the

factory worker, but the reality was that it often meant less workers to be hired and those that were hired worked long days often working 6 days a week in harsh conditions.

• Sometimes factories hired children or women because they were cheaper than men.

New Stuff• The Industrial Revolution meant that many people

had extra money to heat their homes by getting the coal shipped in from Wales and meat from other parts of England rather than relying on local farms.

• People could have a choice.• Until the Industrial Revolution, most people lived in

the countryside. The birth of the factory and the chance to make more money and have consistent work provided by the factories brought people to the cities.

New Stuff• Most of Europe’s urban population doubled. This was

known as “urbanization.” • The factories sites were chosen because of their

location to energy, water, trains and / or ports. • This new environment was not necessarily good. • Life expectancy was shorter than in the country. For

a factory worker, the expectancy was about 17 in a large city. 38 for a farmer or hired help in the country.

• People lack proper housing, heat, food, sanitation. The building were often dangerous.

• The streets were open sewers because their was no city planning and growth just happened.

New Stuff• To increase production, factories were open six days

a week often working 12 to 14 hours a day, or when ever the sun was shining.

• Workers were often injured on the job and unless they could be healed soon they were often let go since there were plenty of workers to take jobs.

• Families often took the children out of school to work in the factory to help pay the bills.

New Stuff• The class structure became more obvious. Many

were poor and getting worse while others became rich.

• People in banking, factory owners or upper managers became part of the new “Middle Class.”

• This new middle class began to climb to success and challenged the system dominated by the old class of aristocrats. From here another class developed, the upper-middle class which consisted of lawyers, doctors and other professionals.