do now talk with your table: imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your...

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DO NOW: What do the minerals on your table have in common?

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Page 1: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

DO NOW: What do the minerals on your table have in common?

Page 2: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

What is a Mineral?A Mineral has 4 Characteristics:1. Solid2. Crystalline Structure (solid, geometric

forms of minerals created by a repeating pattern of atoms)

3. Non-Living4. Formed by Nature (not man

made)

Page 3: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

What is a Mineral Made out of?Atoms - smallest particle that can exist of a

substance

Elements - a pure substance that cannot easily be broken down

Compounds - different elements combine to form larger substances

Crystals - solid, geometric forms of minerals created by a repeating

pattern of atoms Minerals

Page 4: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

• Minerals can be divided into 2 major groups:

1. Silicate minerals 2. Nonsilicate minerals

MINERALS

Page 5: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

• Made of silicon and oxygen

• 90% of Earth’s crust

Examples:–Feldspars –Biotite Mica–Quartz

SILICATE MINERALS

Page 6: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

• Do not contain silicon and oxygen

Examples include: •Copper•Gold•Silver

NONSILICATE MINERALS

Page 7: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

Identifying Minerals

• Color• Luster• Streak• Cleavage• Fracture• Hardness – Mohs’ Scale 1-10, talc-

diamond

• Density• Special Characteristics

Minerals can be identified by theircharacteristics.

Page 8: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

• Minerals come in a variety of colors.

• Some colors are due to factors such as impurities and weather conditions.

1.) Color

Page 9: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

2. Luster• The way a mineral reflects the

light. A mineral’s luster can be:

– Metallic (shiny)– Vitreous (glassy)– Pearly (opalescent)

Page 10: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

Metallic luster

Page 11: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

Vitreous

Page 12: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

Pearly

Page 13: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

3.) Streak• This is the color a mineral

appears when it is rubbed against an unglazed piece of porcelain

Streak Test

Page 14: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

• The way that a mineral breaks.

• Some break into flat sheets, such as Mica

• Others break in angles, such as diamonds

4.) Cleavage

Page 15: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

5.) Fracture

• The tendency of some minerals to break unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces

Page 17: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

7.) Density• This is how much matter is in a given

space. • Mineral density varies• Example:

• Gold’s density is much greater than mica’s.

Page 18: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

Some minerals can be identified by othercharacteristics such as:• Fluorescence – glow under UV light

• Chemical reaction – Fizzing when combined w/acid

• Optical Properties – Calcite will cause double images

• Radioactivity – Contain radium or uranium• Magnetism- attract iron• Taste – Salty, bitter, sour

8.) Special Properties

Page 19: DO NOW Talk with your table: Imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your backyard. What factors will you need to consider before

Fluorescence