do now talk with your table: imagine you just learned that there are minerals in the dirt in your...
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DO NOW: What do the minerals on your table have in common?
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What is a Mineral?A Mineral has 4 Characteristics:1. Solid2. Crystalline Structure (solid, geometric
forms of minerals created by a repeating pattern of atoms)
3. Non-Living4. Formed by Nature (not man
made)
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What is a Mineral Made out of?Atoms - smallest particle that can exist of a
substance
Elements - a pure substance that cannot easily be broken down
Compounds - different elements combine to form larger substances
Crystals - solid, geometric forms of minerals created by a repeating
pattern of atoms Minerals
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• Minerals can be divided into 2 major groups:
1. Silicate minerals 2. Nonsilicate minerals
MINERALS
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• Made of silicon and oxygen
• 90% of Earth’s crust
Examples:–Feldspars –Biotite Mica–Quartz
SILICATE MINERALS
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• Do not contain silicon and oxygen
Examples include: •Copper•Gold•Silver
NONSILICATE MINERALS
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Identifying Minerals
• Color• Luster• Streak• Cleavage• Fracture• Hardness – Mohs’ Scale 1-10, talc-
diamond
• Density• Special Characteristics
Minerals can be identified by theircharacteristics.
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• Minerals come in a variety of colors.
• Some colors are due to factors such as impurities and weather conditions.
1.) Color
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2. Luster• The way a mineral reflects the
light. A mineral’s luster can be:
– Metallic (shiny)– Vitreous (glassy)– Pearly (opalescent)
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Metallic luster
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Vitreous
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Pearly
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3.) Streak• This is the color a mineral
appears when it is rubbed against an unglazed piece of porcelain
Streak Test
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• The way that a mineral breaks.
• Some break into flat sheets, such as Mica
• Others break in angles, such as diamonds
4.) Cleavage
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5.) Fracture
• The tendency of some minerals to break unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces
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• This is a mineral’s resistance to being scratched.
• Some minerals can be scratched easily, such as talc, while others are nearly impossible to scratch , such as diamonds.
6.) Hardness
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7.) Density• This is how much matter is in a given
space. • Mineral density varies• Example:
• Gold’s density is much greater than mica’s.
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Some minerals can be identified by othercharacteristics such as:• Fluorescence – glow under UV light
• Chemical reaction – Fizzing when combined w/acid
• Optical Properties – Calcite will cause double images
• Radioactivity – Contain radium or uranium• Magnetism- attract iron• Taste – Salty, bitter, sour
8.) Special Properties
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Fluorescence