Do Now: We are starting your quiz on Greece and Rome right after the bell rings, so please have a spare sheet of paper on your desk. You have 12 minutes! Make 2 columns: I KnowI DONT Know Surrounded by what sea? 3 city-states? Whats the Peninsula called? a) Agriculture was the basis of the Greek economy. Limited arable land (This is why they had colonies! a) Trade **Spread Hellenic culture Scene of Olive Gathering, 520 BC Greek cities were designed to promote civic (government) involvement and commerce civic: role of citizens in government Polis: a city-state or group of citizens a) Who could vote in Greece? b) Who couldnt? a) Athenian government evolved in stages: Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, Democracy. b) Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen!! Direct democracy: citizens make decisions c) Two most important tyrants who worked for reform: Draco and Solon. a) Oligarchy: rule by a small group of people; military rule! b) Militaristic and aggressive Wars b/w Greek city-states and Persia 1. Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire. 2. Important Battles: Athenian victories at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. 3. Greeks defeated the Persian Empire and were able to keep their independence. 4. Athens will become the superpower of Greece!! Sparta v. Athens 1. Athens v. Sparta 2. Caused by Athens growth/Sparta gets pissed 3. Sparta wins, but they all get taken over Greek Culture and Mythology Time b/w Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Pericles extended democracy so that most adult males had equal voice in government. Rebuilt Athens after Persian wars: the Parthenon is for Athena c) Macedonian victory over Greece made possible by weakening of Greece following The Peloponnesian Wars! a) Briefly extended empire from Greece to Egypt and India Blend of ancient Greek culture with the rest of the world (esp. oriental) Hellenistic culture will spread through trade and conquest!