do now why do you think most people move to the united states during the industrial revolution?...
TRANSCRIPT
Do Now
WHY DO YOU THINK MOST PEOPLE MOVE TO THE UNITED
STATES DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
October 8, 2010
The Expansion American Industry
Chapter 6U.S. History
Test
Chapter 6 Thursday, October 14th
The Machine Age
• From 1860 to 1900 a shift from farm economy to industry based economy
• Inventions and Changes Patents
The Machine Age
• A remarkable inventor Thomas Edison
1,309 patents 1879 electric light bulb • Changed life in cities
Important Industry• Oil
Began in 1840 • Titusville, PA • “black gold”
1859 first oil well drilled • Just like the gold rush
Many uses • Light lamps • Oil machinery
Important Industry• Steel
Bessemer Process (1850’s) • Allowed steel to be made cheaply • Iron rusted out, steel did not • Began to use in construction when the prices
came down
• Owners made $$$$ Paid their workers poorly
Pollution begins
The Rise of Big BusinessThe Rise of Big Business
• Power & Wealth Big businesses buy up small ones Become Corporations • A large company formed by a group of investors • Owners make lots of money
Robber Barons • Owners who became rich at the expense of their
poorly paid workers
The Rise of Big Business
• Leaders of Big Business Andrew Carnegie • Controlled most of the steel business • Pittsburgh, PA
John D. Rockefeller • Controlled most of the oil industry • Standard Oil Company
The Rise of Big Business• Controlling Big Business
Monopoly • Complete control of an industry by one
company or person • 1880’s laws were passed to control
monopolies • Difficult to enforce against the wealthy
business owners
The Work Force By 1880 there was a big supply of workers
Faced terrible working conditions Poor Working Conditions
12 hour shifts (no overtime) Unsafe work areas Little fresh air Poor lighting Unsafe machinery Few rights No sick leave or vacation time
The Work ForceThe Work Force• Company Towns
A community set up and run by the company • Especially coal mining areas • Workers gave some of their wages for rent • Could shop ONLY at the company stores • Scrip pay that could only be used in these stores • Often ended up owing money to the company
The Work Force• New Workers on the Job
Low wages could be paid to those in need of a job Women & children paid lowest wages Faced the same working conditions as men, but at a lower pay
The Work Force• Workers Join Unions
Labor unions • A group of workers that tries to help its members • Seek better pay & better working conditions
Knights of Labor 1896 • Skilled & unskilled workers
American Federation of Labor (AF of L) • Samuel Gompers • Skilled workers
Carpenters, cigar makers
The Work Force Violence Breaks Out
STRIKE! – Stop working until demands were met
The Haymarket Square Riot – 1886 Chicago – 8 hour work day – Violence broke out, people hurt & killed
The Homestead Strike 1892 at one of Carnegie’s steel mills – Manager demanded workers accept lower wages – Went on strike – People were hurt & killed
The Work ForceThe Work Force The Pullman Strike 1894
Made railway cars Decided to cut workers pay, but did not cut rents or cost of goods in the company town Works went on strike – Railroads joined in, trains stopped running – Government sends in troops to deal with the striking workers – People hurt & killed
By 1900 all of the violence hurt union membership Violence continued for years Unions continued to grow stronger until the 1980’s
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Women’s shirt factory in New York cityMarch 25 1911 Fire breaks out in the Factory146 workers diedResult
Must have an emergency exit plan Fire exits can not be blocked or locked Fire drills must be scheduled Fire alert system Indoor sprinkle systems
Describe “robber barons”
“Robber barons” implies that the business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public. they drained the country of its natural resources persuaded public officials to interpret laws in their
favor ruthlessly drove their competitors to ruin paid their workers meager wages Forced workers to toil under dangerous and
unhealthful conditions.
Describe “captains of industry”
The term “captains of industry,” suggests that the business leaders: served their nation in a positive way increased the supply of goods by building factories,
raising productivity, and expanding markets created the jobs that enabled many Americans to buy
new goods raised Americans standard of living established outstanding museums, libraries, and
universities
Vocabulary list
1. Patent2. Transcontinental
railroad3. Bessemer process4. Mass production5. Oligopoly6. Monopoly7. Cartel8. Vertical consolidation9. Horizontal
consolidation
10.Trust11.Sherman Antitrust
Act12.Piecework13.Sweatshop14.Division of labor15.Socialism16.Scab17.Anarchist18.Craft union
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor