do now: write nuclear equations for these nuclear reactions 1) uranium-238 decays into thorium-234...
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Do now:
Write nuclear equations for these nuclear reactions
1) Uranium-238 decays into Thorium-234
2) Iodine-131 decays into Xenon-131:
3) Rutherford fired alpha particles into a jar of
Nitrogen-14 gas. He discovered the products
were Oxygen-17 + another particle.
Tuesday, April 18, 2023
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23892 U
→ 23490 Th
+ 42 He
+
ɣ
Alpha Particle Emission
Uranium-238 decays into Thorium-234:
92 = 90 + 2 (conservation of atomic number)
238 = 234 + 4 (conservation of atomic mass)
Uranium nucleus emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons:
- an alpha particle (=helium nucleus)
Don’t forget the gamma radiation!
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13153 I
→ 13154 Xe
+ 0-1 e
+
ɣ
Beta Particle Emission
Iodine-131 decays into Xenon-131:
53 = 54 – 1 (conservation of atomic number) 131 = 131 + 0 (conservation of atomic mass)
Physically, what is going on here?
*** a neutron changes into a proton (plus electron) ***
Don’t forget the gamma radiation!
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147 N
→ 178 O
+ 42 He
+
Try this: splitting the atomRutherford fired alpha particles into a jar of nitrogen gas. He discovered the products were oxygen-17 + another particle. Write the nuclear equation for the reaction:
7 + 2 = 8 + 1 (conservation of atomic number) 14 + 4 = 17 + 1 (conservation of atomic mass)
11 H
So what actually is the other particle produced?
- a hydrogen nuclei (a proton!)
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Today’s Learning:
1) Balance equations for nuclear reactions
2) Use E=mc2 to calculate the energy released in a nuclear reaction
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Symphony of Science
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or:
2E mc
2/m E c
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In Rutherford’s experiment: (printed this for you!)
147 N
→ 178 O
+ 42 He
+ 11 H
The rest masses of the particles involved are:
1) Calculate the total mass before and after the reaction
The alpha particle had an initial kinetic energy of
12.50 x 10-13 J. After the reaction, the kinetic energy ofthe oxygen atom was 6.4 x 10-14J and the proton was 9.48 x 10-13J.
3) Verify Einstein’s theory of mass-energy equivalence
2) Calculate the total energy before and after the reaction