dobrý večer den/09 g_doruchowski-nitra-201… · sustainable use directive 2009/128 machinery...

Dobrý večer

Greg DORUCHOWSKI

Research Institute of Horiculture

Skierniewice, POLAND

IV. SLOVAK PLANT HEALTH DAYS

Nitra, 31 May – 1 June, 2011

… quantity of plant protection

product that is carried out of

the sprayed area by the action

of air currents during the

application process”

ISO/22866, 2005

Spray Drift

Spray Drift

• loss of PPPs

• risk of pollution

• bad reputation of

chemical plant protection

DIRECT

use of

Spray Drift Reduction Technology

(SDRT)

INDIRECT

implementing

buffer zones,

natural vegetative strips,

windbreaks, hailnets, etc

Measures to protect environment from drift

• application equipment

• application parameters

• application scenario

• fixed buffer zones

• adjustable buffer zones(depending on spray application technology)

reducing drift at source reducing exposure to drift

Sustainable Use Directive 2009/128

Machinery Directive 2009/127for pesticide application equipment

Art. 11

Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment and drinking water are adopted by MS.

These measures include:

• establishment of appropriately-sized buffer zones

• preference to low-drift application equipment

setting out standards that new equipment has to meet before it is placed on the market

Art. 2

The machinery must be designed and constructed to:

• ensure that pesticide is deposited on target areas,

• minimize losses to other areas,

• prevent drift of pesticide to the environment.

EU Regulations

establishing a framework for action to achieve safe and rational use of pesticides

POND

Surface water in focus

PROTECTION OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

POND


BUFFER ZONES

Buffer zone for

standard application

technology

POND


BUFFER ZONES

Buffer zone for

SDRT

POND


BUFFER ZONES

Buffer zone for

SDRT

Min. area SDRT

is applied on

… area directly adjacent to a body of water (or other sensitive object)

where the plant protection products must not be used

Buffer zone

• natural vegetative buffers

• vegetative + in-field buffers

required by

Sustainable Use Directive 2009/128

Buffer zones in EUAdjustable buffer zones: Germany,

UK,

the Netherlands,

Belgium,

Sweden,

Austria

Fixed buffer zones: Denmark

France

Poland

Slovak Rep.

Czech Rep.

Hungary

Buffer zones considered: South: IT, ES, PT

Central: HU

Baltics: LT, LV, ET

Balcans: GR, SL, RO, BG

depending on spray application technology

(and other drift mitigation factors)

regardless any circumstances,

incl. application technology

Buffer zones(Germany)

Protection goals:

• surface water(permanent and periodicwater courses)

NW rules:NW = Natural Habitat for Water Organisms

NW 600, 601, 606, 608 – old pesticides

NW 605, 607, 609 – new pesticides (since 2003)

• biotop(non-agricultural ecotone)

NT rules:NT = Natural Habitat for Terrestrial Organisms

NT 101-106 – SDRT required

NT 107-109 – buffer + SDRT requied≥ 3 m

Top of bank

permanent or periodic

watercourse

min. 20 m working width

with drift red. technology 50

%

No

PPP

application

Remaining field area

PPP application

with any spray

technology

min. 20 m sprayed with

min. 20 m sprayed with

Flexible buffersNW 605, NW 606, NW 609

Example: Fungicide (NW605) : st. buffer zone 20 m

50 % drift reduction 10 m



Buffer zones – NW regulations(Germany)

SDRT requirements:

NT 107

NT 108

NT 109

≥ 3 m

min. 20 m Remaining field area

PPP application with any

spray technologyPPP application with SDRT

Buffer zones – NT regulations(Germany)

High risk pesticides - majority of large fields (> 1 ha)

NT 107, NT 108, NT 109

No PPPapplic.

5 m

Exemptions:

- Knapsack sprayers

- Biotop < 3 m

- Significant number of small fields (< 1 ha) on the area

Buffer zones(UK)

LERAP

Local Environmental Risk Assessment for Pesticides

For the protection of surface water (aquatic life)

LERAP defines three classes of chemicals:

• LERAP A – no adjustment of buffer zone distances permitted

• LERAP B – buffer zone widths to be varied depending on risk assessment

• LERAP C – no buffer zone required

LERAP-Low Drift star ratings

Buffer zones(UK)

LERAP

• nozzle pressure

• nozzle height (or arrangement on an air-assisted orchard machine)

• forward speed

• sprayer configuration

• crop condition

• application conditions

= drift less than 75% of reference condition



for specified operating conditions

Buffer zones(UK)

LERAP

Officially Recognized LERAP-Low Drift Rating Spray Equipment

https://secure.pesticides.gov.uk/SprayEquipment/EquipmentList.asp

LERAP – combining factors

Buffer zones(UK)

LERAP

1m

LERAP – combining factors

Buffer zones(UK)

LERAP

min 2m

Minimum buffer zones: (cannot be further reduced)

• 7 m – if no windbreak or low-drift sprayer

• 5 m – absolute minimum

(also when ditch is dry at spraying time)

Buffer zones

Drift values – measurement of sedimentation drift acc. to ISO 22866

Distance in m

Weather station

0 10 20 30 40 50

15 2010

Collector for measuringground sediment

Measuring AreaTreated Area

Main wind direction

1st track2nd track

Distance downwind [m]

Collectors for ground

deposit measurement

Buffer zones (Germany)

A. Herbst – JKI, Germany, 2009

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000

Distance to sprayed area [m]

Gro

un

d s

ed

ime

nt

in %

of

the

ap

pli

ca

tio

n

rate

Fruit crops early

Hops

Fruit crops late

Grape vine late

Field crops

Basic Drift Values for authorization process(90th percentiles – „realistic worst case”)


Gro

un

d d

ep

osit

[%

ap

plied

do

se]

Spray Drift Reduction Technology (Germany)



Gro

un

d s

ed

ime

nt

in %

of

the a

pp

licati

on

ra

te

50 %

75 %

90 %

Tunnel sprayer

Regression line tunnel

Basic drift values(median)

Classification of drift reduction technology(field crops)


Gro

un

d d

ep

osit

[%

ap

pli

ed

do

se]


50%

75%

90%




Gro

un

d s

ed

ime

nt

in %

of

the a

pp

licati

on

ra

te

50 %

75 %

90 %

Tunnel sprayer



Classification of drift reduction technology(field crops)


Gro

un

d d

ep

osit

[%

ap

pli

ed

do

se]


50%

75%

90%

Hardi CM TwinForce 18-24 m F110-02/03 - max 2,5 bar crop heifgt 30 cm

Regression line for above

Hardi CM TwinForce 18-24 m F110-04/05 - max 3,0 bar crop heifgt 50 cm

Regression line for above

Field measurements

ISO 22866




Gro

un

d s

ed

ime

nt

in %

of

the a

pp

licati

on

ra

te

50 %

75 %

90 %

Tunnel sprayer



Classification of drift reduction technology(grape vine)


Gro

un

d d

ep

osit

[%

ap

pli

ed

do

se]


Gro

un

d s

ed

ime

nt

in %

of

the a

pp

licati

on

ra

te

50 %

75 %

90 %

Tunnel sprayer



Classification of drift reduction technology(grape vine)


Gro

un

d d

ep

osit

[%

ap

pli

ed

do

se]



Field measurements

ISO 22866


Drift reduction classes:

• field crops

• fruit crops

• grape vine

• hops

Sprayer Nozzles Conditions

All air-assisted

with axial fan

ID-90-03 C Max 4.5 bar

Reduced air at

the first 5 rows (max 30 000 m3/h)

All air-assisted

ID

TD

AVI

DG

AD

No air towards

field edge at

the first 5 rows

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fruit crops


JD 310/315

with sensors

(GreenSeaker)

All

All air-assisted AllHail net above

the orchard

Fruit crops


JD 310/315 DG

AD

All air-assisted

ID

TD

AVI

DG

AD

Hail net above

the orchard

Fruit crops


HOLDER

with fan

OVS 50/60

ID

TD

AVI

DG

AD

No air towards

field edge at

the first 3 rows

WANNER

with fan

SZA 32

or

SZA 28

Fruit crops

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


HOLDER

with fan

OVS 50/60

ID

TD

AVI

DG

AD

No air towards

field edge at

the first 5 rows

WANNER

with fan

SZA 32

or

SZA 28

Fruit crops

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


WANNER

with

spray separatorAll

LIPCO

tunnel sprayersAll

Fruit crops

Field crops Sprayer Nozzles Conditions

JD Twin Fluid

liquid 5 bar

air 0,35 bar

boom height

50 cm

Air-assisted

DAMMANN

ANPA-DAS

boom:

24-28 m

ID120-03 C

ID120-03

POM

3 bar

full air

min. crop

height 50 cm

Air-assisted

HARDI

Commander Plus

TWIN FORCE

boom:

18,20,21,24 m

ISO-F110-04

ISO-F110-05

Field crops Sprayer Nozzles Conditions

Band spraying

Lechler:

ES-90-02

ES-90-03

ES-90-04

Coarse spray nozzles:

- pre-orifice nozzles

- turbo nozzles

- air-induction nozzles

• increasing buffer zones loss of crop areas

• environmental risk posed by drift reduction of PPP availability

Drift can only be mitigated with the acceptance from grower and applicator

How to make grower change behavior and application technique ?

PROBLEM

SOLUTIONS

COSTS

BENEFITS

= AWARENESS

Drift affects farm profitability !!!

• drift = loss losses do not contribute to efficacy

• reduction of losses => higher deposition

better efficacy

• environmental liability accordance with legal requirements

CAP rewarding only good stewardship (GAP)

AIM (Advancing Intelligent Mitigation) – ECPA – 2008-2010

TOPPS-PROWADIS (PROtect WAter from DIffuse Sources) – ECPA – 2011-2013

aims at transferring knowledge into best practice

• development of BMPs to avoid water contamination from drift

• development of demonstration materials and tools to enhance farmers’ and

advisors’ awarenes on drift mitigation

EU initiatives on awareness building

CONCLUSIONS

Environmental risk posed by spray drift can be managed mainly by:

- Spray Drift Reduction Technology

- Buffer zones

In the EU both progressive regulations and effective solutions exist that

facilitate implementing SDRT and buffer zones

Successful drift mitigation depends on the applicators’ awareness and

motivation

Dakujem

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