Running Head: INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Introduction to Financial Accounting

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Introduction to Financial Accounting 2

Introduction to Financial Accounting

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

Introduction to Financial Accounting 3

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 4

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

Introduction to Financial Accounting 5

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 6

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Introduction to Financial Accounting 7

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

Introduction to Financial Accounting 8

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243

Introduction to Financial Accounting 9

Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

Introduction to Financial Accounting 10

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

Introduction to Financial Accounting 11

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 12

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

Introduction to Financial Accounting 13

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

Introduction to Financial Accounting 14

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 15

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255

Introduction to Financial Accounting 16

Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

Introduction to Financial Accounting 17

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Introduction to Financial Accounting 18

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

Introduction to Financial Accounting 19

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836

Introduction to Financial Accounting 20

Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Introduction to Financial Accounting 21

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 22

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 23

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294

Introduction to Financial Accounting 24

Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 25

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

Introduction to Financial Accounting 26

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

Introduction to Financial Accounting 27

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966

Introduction to Financial Accounting 28

Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 29

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

Introduction to Financial Accounting 30

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income Statement

Introduction to Financial Accounting 31

Revenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 32

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

Introduction to Financial Accounting 33

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

Introduction to Financial Accounting 34

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836

Introduction to Financial Accounting 35

Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Introduction to Financial Accounting 36

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 37

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 38

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294

Introduction to Financial Accounting 39

Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 40

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

Introduction to Financial Accounting 41

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

Introduction to Financial Accounting 42

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966

Introduction to Financial Accounting 43

Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 44

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

Introduction to Financial Accounting 45

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income Statement

Introduction to Financial Accounting 46

Revenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 47

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

Introduction to Financial Accounting 48

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

Introduction to Financial Accounting 49

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836

Introduction to Financial Accounting 50

Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Introduction to Financial Accounting 51

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 52

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 53

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294

Introduction to Financial Accounting 54

Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 55

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

Introduction to Financial Accounting 56

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

Introduction to Financial Accounting 57

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966

Introduction to Financial Accounting 58

Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Accounting Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

Abercrombie & Fitch, through its subsidiaries, is a retailer that operates stores and direct

to consumer . The accounting standard being used in Abercrombie & Fitch is UK GAAP.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP) -

the standards of accounting used in the United States and certain other countries. GAAP is

different (in particular, from the International Financial Reporting Standards) by the fact that the

GAAP accounting treatment is regulated in detail certain practical situations (Jane, 2008,). The

financial year of the company represents the total of 52 weeks. The amendments, standards and

the interpretation being adopted, follows the FRS interpretations. All these standards and

amendments do not have any significant impact on the net assets of the Abercrombie & Fitch.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 59

Hennes & Mauritz

H & M is engaged in the sale of clothing and cosmetics in Sweden and internationally.

The accounting procedures and measurement of H & M are prepared on the nearest Saturday of

1st January each year unless of any exceptions which may occur. The financial year of the

Hennes & Mauritz is of 52 weeks that ends on 31st December of every year. This is also the

financial reporting period of Hennes & Mauritz. All of the consolidated financial statements

including balance sheet, income statement and cash flow are prepared according to International

Financial Reporting Analysis (IFRS). IFRS is one of the most adoptive accounting measures in

Europe (Kaplan, 1984). International Financial Reporting Standards is a set of documents

(standards and interpretations), regulating the rules of the financial statements required for

external users to make economic decisions for the Hennes & Mauritz.

Auditing Standards

Abercrombie & Fitch

The audit of Abercrombie & Fitch is performed by Price water house Coopers (PWC),

which is one the leading auditing firms of the world. Audit is conducted through 2 mediums, one

is the internal audit and other is the external auditors. The internal audit department of the

company is independent to business operations. They have nothing to do with the operations

going on in the business, but to see whether it is compliant to ethical procedures and standards

(John, 1996). The internal auditor of the company addresses the risk management process and

internal control with the reference of Turnbull guidance. The internal audit is based on the risk

methodology processes which make sure that the company’s risks are properly examined.

Following are the responsibilities of the internal auditors at Abercrombie & Fitch:

Introduction to Financial Accounting 60

1) Key Risk Register.

2) Reviewing and reporting of risk management system.

3) Internal Control and reports to the board of directors.

4) Oversight of risk and Control system.

Hennes & Mauritz

The auditor's report of Hennes & Mauritz covers only the financial statements identified

in the report and the disclosure in related notes. Management, not auditors, prepares the

information that forms the basis of the financial statements.

The auditor of H & M evaluates the evidence that are included in the financial statement;

this process adds credibility to the financial statements of management. The auditor of H & M

states that it complied with the standards established by the profession for the conduct of the

audit. The rules establish criteria for the qualifications of the auditor, the nature and scope of the

criteria used to audit and the preparation of the independent auditor's report, among other things,

the auditor obtain an understanding of client's business and its structure to control internal,

perform procedures and analytical and competent gather sufficient evidence based on the risk

perceived significant errors identified in the planning of the audit (Ammons, 2002). The

objective of an audit for Hennes & Mauritz is to obtain a safety fair that the financial statements

are free of material misstatement, fraud or other improprieties.

Differences in Annual Statements of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hennes & Mauritz

Key Financials of Abercrombie & Fitch

2011 2010 2009Income Statement

Introduction to Financial Accounting 61

Revenue 3,468,777 2,928,626 3,540,276Net Income 150,283 254 272255Gross profit 2,212,181 1,883,598 2,361,692Operating profit 231,932 117,912 439,386Balance SheetTotal Assets 2,947,902 2,821,866 2,848,181Share holder Equity 1,890,784 1,827,917 1,845,578Total long term liability 498,267 544,577 552,806Total current assets 1,433,268 1,235,846 1,084,825Cash FlowsCash from Operations 391,789 402,200 490,836Cash from Investing -92,976 -111,561 -113,217Cash from Financing -145,333 -136,050 30,469Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents 156,403 157,991 404,078

Key Financials of H&M

2011 2010 2009Income StatementRevenue 108,483 101393 88532Net Income 18681 16384 15294Gross profit 68269 62474 54468Operating profit 24659 21644 20138Balance SheetTotal Assets 59,182 54,363 51,243Share holder Equity -74,192 40,613 36,950Total long term liability 1163 2660 2414Total current assets 40932 36081 35371Cash FlowsCash from Operations 21,838 17,973 17,966Cash from Investing -10,129 -8,755 -1,090Cash from Financing -13,239 -12,825 -11,584Net increase (decrease) in cash & equivalents -1,530 -3,607 5,292

From the financial information of the both the companies, it can be observed that that the

Abercrombie & Fitch is having decreasing trend in the profitability over the past three years as

the net income of the company has been decreasing; in addition to this, the gross profit and

operating profit is also based on the similar decreasing trend. However, it is observed that the

Introduction to Financial Accounting 62

profitability structure of Hennes & Mauritz is having encouraging trend as gross profit, operating

profit and also the net profit of the company is increasing over the past three years. Therefore, it

can be said that the profitability situation of Hennes & Mauritz is better in comparison to

Abercrombie & Fitch.

Introduction to Financial Accounting 63

References

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 64

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 65

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 66

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 67

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 68

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 69

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 70

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 71

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 72

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 73

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 74

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 75

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 76

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 77

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 78

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 79

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 80

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 81

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 82

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 83

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 84

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 85

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 86

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 87

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 88

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 89

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 90

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 91

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 92

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 93

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 94

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 95

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 96

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 97

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 98

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 99

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 100

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 101

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 102

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 103

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 104

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 105

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 106

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 107

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 108

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 109

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 110

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 111

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 112

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 113

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 114

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 115

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 116

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 117

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 118

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 119

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 120

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 121

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 122

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 123

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 124

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 125

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 126

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 127

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 128

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 129

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 130

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 131

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 132

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 133

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 134

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 135

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 136

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 137

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 138

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 139

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 140

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 141

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 142

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 143

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 144

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 145

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 146

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 147

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 148

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 149

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 150

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 151

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 152

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 153

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 154

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 155

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 156

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 157

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 158

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 159

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 160

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 161

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 162

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 163

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 164

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 165

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 166

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 167

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 168

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 169

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 170

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 171

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Introduction to Financial Accounting 172

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41

Ammons, D. (2002). Performance measurement and managerial thinking. Public Performance &

Management Review vol. 25 no. (4). Pg. 33-41

Jane, L. R. (2008). Financial Accounting: A Business Approach, 2nd ed. Pearson Educational

Ltd. Pg. 33-41

Kaplan, R. (1984). Evolution of Management Accounting. Journal The Accounting Review, Vol

LIX, No.3. Pg. 33-41

Lawrence, J. G. (2008). Principles of Managerial Finance. Addison Wesley. Pg. 33-41