doc.: ieee 15-05-0030-01-004a project: ieee p802.15 ... · january 2005 slide 1 chia-chin chong,...

January 2005

Chia-Chin Chong, Samsung Electronics (SAIT)Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (etworks (WPANsWPANs))

Submission Title: [Samsung Electronics (SAIT) CFP Presentation]Date Submitted: [January, 2005]Source: [(1) Chia-Chin Chong, Su Khiong Yong, Young-Hwan Kim, Jae-Hyon Kim, Seong-Soo Lee

(2) A. S. Dmitriev, A. I. Panas, S. O. Starkov, Yu. V. Andreyev, E. V. Efremova, L. V. Kuzmin(3) Haksun Kim, Jaesang Cha]

Company: [(1) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT))(2) Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE)(3) Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.]

Address: [(1) RF Technology Group, Comm. & Networking Lab., P. O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea.(2) Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow 103907, Russia Federation.(3) 314, Maetan-3Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea 443-743]

Voice: [+82-31-280-6865], FAX: [+82-31-280-9555], E-Mail: [[email protected]]Re: [Response to IEEE 802.15.4a Call for Proposals (04/380r2)]

Abstract: [Proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY standard based on the UWB direct chaotic communications technology.]

Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY standard.]

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Samsung Electronics (SAIT) CFP Presentation for IEEE 802.15.4a

Alternative PHY

Presented by:

Chia-Chin ChongSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology

(SAIT), Korea

UWB Direct Chaotic Communication System

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (1)

• Simple circuits– Chaotic signal can be generated directly into the desired microwave band

by a chaotic generator

• Low cost implementation– The simple circuit leads to low cost product

• Multipath resistance– Wideband signal is very immune against multipath fading

• Good spectral properties– Non-periodic with a flat (or tailored) spectrum

• Flexibility– Chaotic radio pulse with different time duration can have the same

bandwidth

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


Time, ns

Am

plitu

de

Time, nsTime, ns

Am

plitu

de

Frequency, GHz

PSD

, dB

Frequency, GHzFrequency, GHz

PSD

, dB

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


f

S(f)

∆f

T

3T

t

t

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Direct Chaotic Communication (DCC)

• Chaotic source generates oscillations directlyin a specified microwave band.

• Information component is put into the chaotic carrier using a stream chaotic radio pulses.

• Information is retrieved from the chaotic radio pulses without intermediate heterodyning.

• Most simple non-coherent receiver is used.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Direct Chaos Generator

Binary Information

Frequency Spectrum

Time Signal

Chaotic Radio Pulse

Direct Chaotic Signal Generation

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Oscillator circuit

Experiment device

Chaotic Generator Model

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Mathematical Model• System of 1st and 2nd order differential equations

with 4.5 degrees of freedom

45525555

34424444

23323333

1222

22222

511 )(

xxxx

xxxx

xxxx

xxxx

xmFxxT

α=ω+α+

α=ω+α+

α=ω+α+

ω=ω+α+

=+

System Equations Runge-Kutta Method

y(1) = (m*Fx5 - X1)/T; y(2) = W1*W1*(X1- X3);y(3) = X2 - A1*X3;y(4) = A2*y3-W2*W2*X5;y(5) = X4 - A2*X5;y(6) = A3*y(5)-W3*W3*X7;y(7) = X6 - A3*X7;y(8) = A4*y(7)-W4*W4*X9;y(9) = X8 - A4*X9;

⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ +−−+−−+=

2)( 22

11

ezezezezMzFNonlinearity

January 2005


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Submission


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

31 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Freq, GHz

Pow

erSp

ectr

um, d

Bm

/MH

z

FCC Spectrum Mask for UWB

5 GHzWLAN

2.4 GHzWLAN,

Bluetooth

-41.325

GPS0.96-1.61

Frequency Band Plan (1)

January 2005


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Submission


• Operating Frequency: 3.1–5.1 GHz• Why Lower Band?

– Limitation in the technical capabilities of integrated circuit implementation at higher frequency.

– Limit of low cost ICs beyond 6 GHz.– Prevent interference with 5 GHz WLAN band.– Use as much bandwidth as possible to maximize the emitted

power and follows FCC rules i.e. >500MHz.• Can be easily change to use higher band if

necessary or when cheap technologies available in the future.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 4 5Freq,GHz

3 4 5Freq,GHz

Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz1 3,35 3,1 3,62 3,85 3,6 4,13 4,35 4,1 4,64 4,85 4,6 5,1

• 500 MHz bandwidth at –10 dB• Spaced 500 MHz away

4 sub-bands for 4 simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs)


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

FCC UWB Emission Mask

Frequency, GHz

UW

B E

IRP

Emis

sion

Lev

el in

dB

m

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Modulation Schemes

• Various modulation schemes can be deployed:– On-off-keying (OOK)– Differential-chaos-shift-keying (DCSK)– Pulse-position modulation (PPM)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Why OOK ?

• Advantages:– It has less complexity– It has 3 dB more energy efficiency than

DCSK → battery saving• Disadvantages:

– It requires non-zero threshold

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08Power distribution at 10 m

Power

0 2 4 6 8 10 120

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08Power distribution at 20 m

Power

0 2 4 6 8 10 120

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08Power distributions at 30 m

Power

Threshold Estimation

Once set, threshold is constant!

Constant threshold

“0”

“0”

“0”

“1”

“1”

“1”

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCC-OOK Transmitter & Receiver

Direct Chaos Generator

…1001011

ReceiverTransmitter

Threshold decision

(…)2

Envelope detector

MultipathChannel

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCC-OOK Transceiver Architecture (1)

• Very simple modulation scheme: on-off power supply is used for modulation

• Additional power saving

Baseband

Processor

MA

C

SRAM

TX RF Part

ADC

1 7;

2 6;

12 3

75

5

4

3

4

6RX RF Part

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCC-OOK Transceiver Architecture (2)

Transmitter RF Part

Receiver RF Part

Chaotic Oscillator

Piconet Filter

Power Amplifier

To switch

EnvelopeDetector

Piconet Filter LNA

From switch

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

0 2 4 6 8 10-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency [GHz]

Nor

mal

ized

Pow

er S

pect

ral D

ensi

ty0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

x 10-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

Time (s)

Am

plitu

de

Signal Waveforms and Spectrum

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Time, t [ns]

Am

plitu

de

0 5 10 15-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency [GHz]

Nor

mal

ized

Pow

er S

pect

ral D

ensi

ty

Signal of chaotic generator

OOK modulated signal

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Frame Structure

PPDU

Octets:

PHY Layer

PreambleSequence

4 1

FrameLength

SFD

1

SHR PHR PSDU

MPDU

32

FrameControl

AddressField

Data Payload FCS

Octets: 2 1 4-20 2

MAC Sublayer

n

MHR MSDU MFR

38Octets:

MHR : MAC Header

MFR : MAC Footer

SHR : Synchronization Header

PHR : PHY HeaderSeq.No.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Payload Bit Rate (1)

Preamble SFD PHR PSDU

4 + 1 + 1 Bytes 32 Bytes

1 0bits

Ts

Tm

Ts = 100 ns : Pulse emission time

Tm = 400 ns : Pulse bin width or

Bit period

∴ Duty cycle, D = 1/4Tm

PPDU (38 Bytes)

Nominal PHY-SAP payload bit rate, X0 = (1/400ns)×(1000/1024) = 2.44Mbps

Ts

January 2005


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Submission

Data Throughput (1)

Data Frame 1 (38 bytes) Data Frame 2 (38 bytes)ACK (11 bytes)

t ACK LIFS

Time for acknowledged transmission, tpacket

tpacket = tdata-frame + t ACK + t ACK-frame + LIFS= (38×8×400ns) + (32×400ns) + (11×8×400ns) + (40×400ns)= 121.6µs + 12.8µs + 35.2µs + 16µs= 185.6µs

t data-frame t ACK-frame

Nominal Data Throughput, T0 = (32×8/185.6µs)×(1000/1024) = 1.35Mbps

…

Packet 1

40 bits32 bits

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Payload Bit Rate (2)

Preamble SFD PHR PSDU

4 + 1 + 1 Bytes 32 Bytes

1 0bits

Ts

Tm

Ts = 100 ns : Pulse emission time

Tm = 600 ns : Pulse bin width or

Bit period

∴ Duty cycle, D = 1/6Tm

Ts

PPDU (38 Bytes)

Optional PHY-SAP payload bit rate, Xi = (1/600ns)×(1000/1024) = 1.63Mbps

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Throughput (2)

Data Frame 1 (38 bytes) Data Frame 2 (38 bytes)ACK (11 bytes)

t ACK LIFS

Time for acknowledged transmission, tpacket

tpacket = tdata-frame + t ACK + t ACK-frame + LIFS= (38×8×600ns) + (32×600ns) + (11×8×600ns) + (40×600ns)= 182.4µs + 19.2µs + 52.8µs + 24µs= 278.4µs

t data-frame t ACK-frame

Optional Data Throughput, Ti = (32×8/278.4µs)×(1000/1024) = 898kbps

…

Packet 1

40 bits32 bits

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Example of Operation at 1 kbps (1)

• There are 2 methods of operation in order to achieve 1 kbps data rate:1. The device transmits several packets in

succession, so that the overall data volume is 1kbit i.e. 1024 bits, then falls silent till the beginning of the next second.

2. The device transmits one packet of data at a time with long pauses between the packets, so that total data volume over 1 second is 1kbit. In the beginning of the next second the device wakes up and transmits another 1kbit portion of data.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Example of Operation at 1 kbps (2)

tpacket

Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 4

1024 bits in 1 second

tidle-1kbps

• To achieve effective data rates of 1 kbps using 32-bytes PSDU, 4 packets need to be transmitted in 1 second.

• The idle time for the above system is tidle-1kbps ≈ 250 ms.

tidle-1kbps tidle-1kbps tidle-1kbps

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Data Rates and Range

System supports data rates:• 1 kbps• 10 kbps• 1 Mbps• 40 kbps (optional)• 160 kbps (optional)• Aggregated bit rate up to 5 Mbps

System supports ranges:• Range from 0 to 30 m (typical)• Range up to 100 m (max 10 kbps data rate)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

System Simulation Parameters

• Modulation: OOK• Bandwidth: 0.5GHz & 2GHz• Pulse bin width, Tm: 400ns• Pulse emission time, Ts: 100ns• PSDU length: 32 bytes

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

AWGN Performance: BER vs. Eb/N0

10 12 14 16 18 2010

-6

10-4

10-2

100

Eb/N0, [dB]

BER

OOK Modulation Scheme

B=0.5 GHz, uncodedB=2 GHz, uncodedB=0.5 GHz, Hamming (7,4)B=2 GHz, Hamming (7,4)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

AWGN Performance: PER vs. Eb/N0

10 12 14 16 18 2010

-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0, [dB]

PER

OOK Modulation Scheme

B=0.5 GHz, uncodedB=2 GHz, uncodedB=0.5 GHz, Hamming (7,4)B=2 GHz, Hamming (7,4)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: BER vs. Eb/N0 (1)

5 10 15 20 2510

-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

Eb/N0, dB

BER

2 GHz Bandwidth

AWGNResidential LOS (CM1)Open outdoor LOS (CM5)Industrial NLOS (CM8)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: BER vs. Eb/N0 (2)

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

Eb/N0, dB

BER

0.5 GHz Bandwidth


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: PER vs. Eb/N0 (1)

5 10 15 20 2510

-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0

PER

2 GHz Bandwidth


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Multipath Performance: PER vs. Eb/N0 (2)

0 5 10 15 20 2510

-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/N0

PER

0.5 GHz Bandwidth


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


January 2005


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Submission

SOP

• Three methods to achieve SOP:1. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)

• Four independent frequency channels of 500 MHz bandwidth.• This gives simultaneously operating of four piconets.

2. Code division multiplexing (CDM)• Deployed a class of unipolar codes (0,1) having ZCD/LCD

property → maintain orthogonality among piconets.• Four set of codes can support four simultaneously operating

piconets.3. Frequency-code division multiplexing (FCDM)

• Two independent frequency channels with 1 GHz bandwidth each and within each frequency channel, a set of codes is used similar to CDM technique.

• A lower set of codes require to support four simultaneously operating piconets.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 4 5Freq,GHz

3 4 5Freq,GHz

Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz1 3,35 3,1 3,62 3,85 3,6 4,13 4,35 4,1 4,64 4,85 4,6 5,1

• 500 MHz bandwidth at –10 dB• Spaced 500 MHz away

4 sub-bands for 4 simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs)

SOP: FDM

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP: CDM (1)

t

Unipolar Code4

Tx1(Desired user)

Rx1

Spreadingt

Chaotic Source

OOK Modulation

RadioChannel

LNABPFMatched FilterRecovered DATA

Detection

t

Tx1

Tx4

0 1 0 0 1 1 0tUnipolar DATA

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 tUnipolar DATA Spreading

t

Chaotic Source

OOK Modulation

Code1:Piconet1Code2:piconet2Code3:piconet3Code4:piconet4

CDM

t

10

Unipolar Code1

0 1 0 0 1 1 0t

Envelope Detector

Baseband

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP: CDM (2)Baseband Implementation in LABVIEW

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP: CDM (3)Chaotic Source Generator in LABVIEW

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

3 4 5Freq,GHz

• 1 GHz bandwidth for each sub-band.

2 sub-bands and a set of PN code for each sub-bands => 4 simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs)

SOP: FCDM

ChaoticSource

Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz1 3.6 3.1 4.12 4.6 4.1 5.1

3 4 5Freq,GHz 3 4 5

Freq,GHz

A Set of PN Code

January 2005


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Submission


January 2005


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Submission

Ranging Scheme (1)

• Ranging circuit contains 2 low frequency generators with slightly different frequency to generate probing pulses, f0 (2.500 MHz) & reference pulses, f1=f0+∆f (2.5125 MHz).

• Circuit also contains 3 counters that count the no. of reference pulses, N3, no. of delayed pulses from the channel, N1 and no. of overlapping pulses, N2.

• Range is determined from the reading of the 3 counters.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Scheme (2)

yes

yes

yes

no

start both pulse sources & counter N3

no

1st delayed pulse?

start counter N1

1st overlap match?

stop N1 & N3, start N2

last overlap match?

no

stop N2, calculate TTOA

•Counter N1 counts delayed pulses

•Counter N2 counts overlaps between delayed pulses (f0=2.5000 MHz) and reference pulses (f1=2.5125 MHz)

•Counter N3 counts reference pulses

2.5125 MHz Pulse source

2.5000 MHz Pulse source

N3 N1

Overlap detector

N2

delay

Digital Block

20 MHzClock source

January 2005


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Submission

Overlapping of Delayed & Reference Pulses

Delayed pulse

Reference pulse

Overlapped pulse

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Scheme (3)

t0 t1 t2 t3

С1

С2

С3

TTOA

N1

N2

N3

TTOA= (N3+0.5∗N2)/f1 –(N1+0.5∗N2)/f0

Distance:S = 0.5*c*(TTOA-τ0)

N1, N2, N3 –Number of pulses

τ0 – retranslation time

Operation time of counters C1, C2, C3.

t**

January 2005


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Submission


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Power Consumption (1)

Tx

RxCU

Transceiver

Pe is emitted power, η is efficiency,ηbest is the best of all possible efficiencies,

Pin is instantaneous emission power, Te is time of emission for given transmission rate,

Tbit is duration of one bit, R is transmission rate,Cb is battery capacity,

Ub is battery voltage,

D is duty cycle.

Operation time Toper

ControlUnit

Toper = Cb · Ub / Pav

Pav = PTx + PRx + PCU

PTx = Pe / η PRx = Pe / ηbest

Pe = Pin · Te = 1/2 · D · Pin · Tbit · R

Average power consumption Pav

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

16.40.1% duty cycle8 mW2·10-11000

1510% duty cycle87.5 µW2·10-310

8.3100% duty cycle15.5 µW2·10-41

Lifetime of the AAA battery, years

Average Power Consumption Pav

(η = 5%)

Average Emitted Power

Pe, mW

Transmission Rate R, kbps

PCU = 7.5 µW ; Ub = 1.5 V ; Cb = 750 mAh;

Example:Pin = 4 mW ; ηbest = 5%;

R = 1 kbps; Tbit = 400 ns; η = 5%

Pe = 1/2 · D · Pin · Tbit · R = 0.2 µW

Pav = PTx + PRx + PCU = Pe /η + Pe /ηbest + PCU = 15.5 µW

Power Consumption (2)

D = 1/4

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Power Management Modes

Wake Up Radio

MainTransceiver / Receiver

Detector

Power

Wake Up StructureWake Up Signal

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


January 2005


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Submission

Link Budget & Sensitivity

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility• Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

ChaoticGenerator

Piconet Filter

Modulator(OOK)

Power Amplifier

information

AntennaSwitch

Low NoiseAmplifier

Piconet Filter

Detector( ⋅ )2

Low PassfilterRecover

Information

ProbingGenerator

2.5000 MHz

ReferenceGenerator

2.5125 MHzCounter 3

Counter 1

Counter 2

DSPBlock

Baseband (Digital)

RangingArchitectureRange

RF PHY

MACTransceiver Architecture

Wake up

Sleep

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Unit Manufacturing Cost & Complexity (1)

• RF part of the transceiver:– Chaos oscillator in 3.1-5.1 GHz frequency band

with 10 dBm output power amplifier (common complexity is equivalent to 4 power amplifiers)

– Switch-modulator – LNA (amplification 30-35 dB)– Tunable filter with bandwidth 500 MHz (in band

3.1-5.1 GHz)– Envelope detector– Antennas– No: mixers, correlators, RF VCO

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Unit Manufacturing Cost & Complexity (2)

• Baseband part of the transceiver:– Reference oscillator – 40 MHz– Bandpass amplifiers– Threshold detector or 4 bit A/D converter– Frequency Synthesizer on 2.5125 MHz (for

ranging)– Digital part with ~ 10K gates

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Size & Form Factor

PHY–level (0.13µm CMOS technology)

• RF part of transceiver < 0.3 mm2

• Analog part of transceiver PHY–level baseband < 0.2 mm2

• Digital part of transceiver PHY–level baseband < 0.3 mm2

____________________________________________________• Common layout square for PHY-level < 1.0 mm2

• Antenna: 2.0 x 2.0 cm2

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Technical Feasibility (1)

UWB DCC-OOK Test-bed

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


DCC-OOK Experiment: 3.1-5.1 GHz

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


Transmitter consists of:- chaos generator

- modulator- antenna

Frequency band - 3.1-5.1 GHz

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility• Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Scaling Parameters• Scalability is the tradeoff between

– Bit rate– Power consumption– Range– Complexity/Cost

• PHY mechanisms used– Transmit power control– Dynamic frequency selection

• Invoked if link quality falls below some threshold• Example applications:

– Home usage/smart home (1kbps - 20 to 30m)– Communication and networking (1kbps - 20 to 30m)– etc.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

What can be scaled?• Power consumption:

– Bandwidth used– Data rate, duty cycle and distance of operation– Packet transmission followed by sleep mode

• Data rate:– Scalable from 1 kbps to 1 Mbps

• Range:– Scalable with coding, lower bit duration (up to the optimum

value) and power consumption.• Complexity:

– Lower complexity is possible with trade-off of reduced system performance

– Scale with future CMOS process improvements e.g. use upper frequency band

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Self-Evaluation

+A5.11Power Consumption

+A5.10Power Management & Modes

+A5.9Sensitivity

+A5.8Link Budget

+A5.7Ranging

+A5.6System Performance

+A5.4Simultaneous Operating Piconets

+A5.3.1PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate and Data Throughput

+A5.2Size and Form Factor

+A3.5Scalability

+A3.4Technical Feasibility

+A3.1Unit Manufacturing Complexity

Proposer ResponseImportance LevelRef.Criteria

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission


January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Conclusions

• Chaotic communications meet the low power, low cost & low complexity requirements →best suited for 15.4a applications.

• Proposed DCC-OOK compliant with FCC UWB PSD regulation.

• Feasibility and scalability are guaranteed with precision ranging and SOP capabilities.

• The implemented test bed demonstrated that the feasibility of DCC technology.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

DCSK: Compatible Modulation Scheme for Direct Chaotic Communication

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Outline• General Overview• Characteristics of DCSK • Principle of Differential Chaotic Shift Keying

(DCSK) Modulation• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Scalability• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Conclusion

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

General Overview

• Direct chaotic signal can be applied to the Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) modulation scheme as an alternative to OOK DCC

• The Chaotic properties are maintained as in the case of the OOK

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Characteristics of DCSK

• Direct Chaotic Shift Keying (DCSK)– same data rate as in the proposed OOK– Constant decision threshold in the receiver– SOP can be achieved by transmitting

different chaotic pulse length

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Principle of DCSK Modulation(1)

• DCSK transmits a reference chaotic pulse and an information data pulse depending on whether information bit 1 (same ref. chaotic pulse) or 0 (inverted of the chaotic pulse) is being transmitted

• The information signal can be recovered by a correlator.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Principle of DCSK Modulation (2)

Transmitter Receiver

Chaotic

Generator

Delay

T/2

-1

Data Bit Stream

Delay

T/2

Integrator

T/2

T

T/2

Threshold

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1810-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/No

BE

R

OOKDCSK

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1810-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Eb/No

BE

R

OOK Vs DCSK

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP (1)

• In DCSK SOP can be done using Chaotic Length Division Multiple Access (LDMA).

• LDMA works based on the exploitation of different chaotic length assigned to each piconets.

• LDMA is based on the spectral and correlation property of chaotic signal.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

SOP (2)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5

0

5P iconet1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5

0

5P iconet2

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5

0

5P iconet3

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5

0

5P iconet4

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-10

0

10A ll

Piconet 1 Piconet 1

Piconet 1 User Piconet 1 User

Detection Detection

Piconet 2 Piconet 2

Piconet 3 Piconet 3

Piconet 4 Piconet 4

-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 010-3

10 -2

10 -1

100

S /N

BE

R

4 Us ers

8M bps5M bps

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

D D

TxTx

--11 D D

RxRx

dd

ΣΣ

oror

Data Bit StreamData Bit Stream D = Constant, d = VariableD = Constant, d = Variable

ChaoticChaoticSource Source

Variable Delay d

Chaotic DCSK Correlation Property

SOP (3)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Ranging Technique

• Ranging technique used is the same as OOK proposal.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Scalability (1)

• Scalability can be achieved using– Chaotic gain– Varying bit duration– Duty cycle– Repeated transmission of information

bearing chip.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Chaotic Gain in DCSK

-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -1010

-3

10-2

10-1

100

S/N

BE

R

Gain

5Mbps4Mbps2Mbps0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

- 5

0

5

0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0- 5

0

5

0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0- 5

0

5

Bit = 1 0

200 nsec

250 nsec

500 nsec

5 Mbps

4 Mbps

1 Mbps

1

Scalability (2)

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Scalability (3)

100 101 102 103 10410-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Processing Gain

Erro

r Pro

babi

lity

5Mbps, 12dB1Mbps,10dB 5Mbps, 10dB1Mbps, 12dB

T

T

T

Duty Cycle

Repeated transmission

Bit duration

Scalability: varying bit duration

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility

• Complexity and cost will be slightly higher compare to the OOK chaotic system proposed

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Link Budget & Sensitivity

0.50.5Code rate

202Raw bit rate, kbps

44.544.5Path loss at 1 m (L1), dB

-109-119Rx sensitivity level, dB

11.511.5Link Margin at 30 m (M=PR-PN-S-I), dB

44Implementation loss (I), dB

1414Minimum Eb/No (S), dB

-127-137Total average noise power per bit (PN=N+NF), dBm

7.07.0Rx noise figure referred to the antenna terminal (NF), dB

-134.0-144.0Average noise power per bit (N=-174+10*log10(Rb)), dBm

-97.5-107.5Rx Power at 30 m (PR=PT+GT+GR-L1-L2), dBm

-3-3Rx antenna gain (GR), dB

00Tx antenna gain (GT), dB

3030Path loss at 30 m (L2), dB

3.353.35Geometric central frequency Fc, GHz

-20-30Average Tx Power (PT), dBm

-30-40Duty cyrcle, dB

101Throughput (Rb), Kbps

ValueValueParameter

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Conclusion

• Chaotic communication based on DCSK modulation is an alternative solution.

• SOP and ranging can also be solved using DCSK.

• Hardware complexity is slightly higher than OOK since most hardware from OOK is retained.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Backup Slides

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Tolerance of Components (1)

• Tolerance of the components of the chaotic oscillator with insignificant changes of spectral properties are from 5%-20% for different components.

• However, it is possible to develop a chaotic oscillator with better tolerance of components.

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Tolerance of Components (2)

• Capacitor, C1 and inductance, L → 20% tolerance.

• C2 and resistors, RE and R1 → 5% tolerance.

E

C

Vampin Vampout VoutRR12R=50 Ohmv a_hp_MGA-66100_19930601

Amp1

CC20C=100 pF

DA_LCBandpassDT1_colp_collector_amp_f ltDA_LCBandpassDT1

Rl=50 OhmRg=50 OhmResponseTy pe=EllipticN=4As=40 dBAp=3 dBFs2=6 GHzFp2=5.1 GHzFp1=3.1 GHzFs1=2 GHz

DT

CC16C=C2 R

RE1R=RE

V_DCSRC2Vdc=VE

V_DCSRC1Vdc=VC

RRL1R=RL

LL10L=L

BFP620X3

CC17C=C1

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Summary of Features

Up to 5 MbpsAggregated bit rate

2.5 year0.1% duty

cycle

2.5 year10% duty

cycle

2.5 year100% duty

cycleBattery life

-20 dBm-20 dBm-30 dBmTransmit power

100 Kbps10 Kbps1 KbpsIndividual bit rate400 nsPulse duration

2.0 GHz band or 4 channels with 500 MHz in each in the 2 GHz bandChannel bandwidth

3 bands within FCC Mask(3.1-5.1, 6.1-8.1 and 8.2-10.2 GHz)Band division

Chaotic radio pulsesInformation carrier

January 2005


doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-01-004a

Submission

Tiny Chaos Transmitterfor Wireless Communications

Transmitter consists of:- chaos generator

- modulator- antenna

Frequency band - 2-4 GHzRadiating power - 3-4 mw

doc.: ieee 15-05-0030-01-004a project: ieee p802.15 ... · january 2005 slide 1 chia-chin chong,...

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