doc.: ieee 802.22-05/0097r0 submission november 2005 eli sofer, runcom | wendong hu,...
TRANSCRIPT
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
IEEE 802.22 WRAN Standard PHY/MAC Proposal IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2005-11-07
Name Company Address Phone email
Eli Sofer Runcom 2 Hachoma St. Rishon Lezion,
Israel
+972 544 997 996
Wendong Hu STMicroelectronics 1060 E. Brokaw Rd. San Jose, CA 95131
U.S.A. 1-408-467-8410 [email protected]
Authors:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22.
Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected].>
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Abstract
In this presentation, we provide a technical overview of our full proposal for the Physical (PHY) layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of the IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Networks (WRAN) Standard.
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 3
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Submission
OFDMA based PHY proposalOFDMA based PHY proposal
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Proposal Outline: PHY• Requirements & OFDMA basic Features• PHY preliminary proposal• Base-Band processing chain• Down-Link• Up-Link• Hybrid ARQ• Diversity Schemes• Simulation Results
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 5
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Submission
OFDMA (2k FFT) on both Uplink and Downlink enabling a highly flexible and dynamic network resource management, handling of multipath, efficient cellular rollout, efficient multiple access operation and handling of narrow channels (voice) as well as broadband channels (video, data), other key features:
• Use of 6 MHz channel BW or two adjunct 6MHz channels• Power concentration (up to 15db) to boost selective sub-channels
to increase range• Efficient use of operator spectrum resources• Brick wall spectral mask• Supports adaptive modulation on a per sub-channel basis• Excellent handling of interference -- Narrow band interference is
rejected through frequency domain processing, while Burst interference is rejected by virtue of the OFDMA symbol length and the per sub-channel interleaving
• Provide bandwidth to many subscribers simultaneously• OFDMA supports advanced ranging based on identification of
CDMA codes
Key design Considerations
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
OFDMA basic features
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
As the FFT size gets bigger, the spectral mask improves, the amount of Guard Interval needed to mitigate the channel reduces, and the phase noise demands increase (there is no implementation problem).
OFDM Spectrum
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 8
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Submission
Using OFDMA/TDMA, Sub Channels are allocated in the Frequency Domain, and OFDM Symbols allocated in the Time Domain.
OFDMA-TDMA Principles
TDMA
TDMA\OFDMA
t
N
m
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 9
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Submission
DownLink OFDMA Symbol (example)
Total Frequency BandGuard Band Guard Band
Symbol PilotsSub-Channel Data Carriers
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 10
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Submission
PHY preliminary proposal
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Duplexing Technique • TDD
Multiple Access Method • TDMA/OFDMAOFDM Symbols allocated by TDMASub-Carriers within an OFDM Symbol allocated by
OFDMA
Diversity• Frequency, Time, Code, Space
Basics
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 12
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Submission
TDD (Time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink.
In any configuration, the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .
F1 - Frequency band
UpLink
F1 - Frequency band
DownLink
Duplexing - Principles
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Frame Structure Allowing Flexibility in DL/UL segmentation
3 possible Preamble structure
FCH and MAP transmitted in PUSC (for better coverage)
Flexible Subchannels allocation per sector on a frame by frame basis
All zones are flexible to produce any scenario needed (reuse =1, reuse < 1, STC/AAS)
Zone may be used as broadcast [SFN] with permutation adjustment
STC/AAS may be combined with regular mode of operation
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Preambles
3 possible Preamble structure, more than 114 preambles over all
Preambles are designed for low PAPR (about 5dB or less)
Preambles are boosted due to low PAPR
Preambles are used for channel estimation, frequency estimation, timing estimation and cell monitoring
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Base-Band Processing Chain
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Base-Band Processing Chain
• Randomization• Coding
– Tail Biting Convolutional coding (mandatory)– CTC/BTC/Zero Tail Convolutional coding
(optional)• Block size depend on code/modulation/coding rate used
and HARQ usage• Block size is enlarged as allocation get bigger, limited by a
law to constrain decoder complexity (concatenation rules)• Bit-Interleaving over each encoded block
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
DownLink/UpLink Block Diagram
Randomiz-ation
Bitinterleaving
Sub-ChannelMapper
IFFT
De-Randomization
BitDeinterle-
aving
Sub-ChannelDemapper
and AdapterFFT
DownLink/UpLink Encoding and Modulation
DownLink/UpLink Demodulation and Decoding
DownLinkTx
Low MacData From MACand Adaptation
Layers
Sub-ChannelAllocation and
BoostingFEC Encoder
DownLinkRx
ChannelEstimation
Low MacData To MAC
and AdaptationLayers
FEC Decoder
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
• Dual binary CTC – The best solution for high coding gain using small blocks.– Reduced decoding power per bit compared to regular CTC.– Gives very good performance even for small number of iterations
Coding Schemes
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Down-Link
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
There are two basic modes of operation:
• Reuse smaller then 1: Sub-Channels (SC) are divided up to 3 Logical-Bands PUSC (Partial use of SC), the structure enables each Logical-Band to have the frequency diversity properties of the full channel, but using only a part of the frequency carriers. The splitting will enable to boost the transmitted carriers on the expense of the un-transmitted carriers ~(4.8 dB).
• Reuse Of 1: Using PUSC or FUSC (Full use of SC) where all subchannels are used. Cell configuration differ by different permutation enabling a reuse of 1.
Reuse
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 21
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Submission
• The Carriers of each Sub-Channel are spread all over the usable frequency for best frequency diversity.
• The allocation by permutation gives an excellent Reuse factor - almost 1.
• The allocation by permutation give an excellent interference spreading and averaging.
Using Special Permutations for carrier allocation
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 22
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Submission
DownLink Allocation example
(each color - different allocation)
FCH
Time
Sub-channel
16
0
0 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Frame start (n) Frame start (n+1)
DL UL
Pream
ble
DL
and
UL
MA
P
328
Burst#1
Burst #3
Burst #2
Burst #7
34 36 38 40 42
Burst #4
Burst #5
Burst #6
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 23
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Submission
• Forward APC per Sub-Channel• Improves the coverage and reduces the interference
between sectors in both Uplink and Downlink• Enabling the same link budget in the Uplink, for a
much smaller PA at the user side
UpLink
Frequency band
DownLink
Frequency band
Power Control
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
Up-Link
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
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Submission
• FFT size : 2048
• Guard Intervals : ¼, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
• Coding : Convolutional/Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC)/BTC, with coding rates = ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6
• Additional repetition coding of X2, X4 and X6
• QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM adaptive modulation
• Different Preamble structure for each sector
• Pilots embedded within the Symbol Structure(FUSC), or associated per allocation of subchannels (PUSC).
• 60 Sub-Channels of 48 data subcarriers each (PUSC)
• 32 Sub-Channels of 48 data carriers each (FUSC)
DownLink Specification
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 26
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Submission
• Slot Structure is defined differently in each mode: one Sub-channel in the Frequency domain and 1 OFDMA time symbols in the time domain (FUSC), one Sub-Channel in the frequency domain and two OFDMA symbols in the time domain (PUSC). Each slot consists of 48 data modulated carriers.
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding per Allocation in the Down-Link
• Forward APC controlling (+9dB) – (-18dB) digital gain on the transmitted Sub-Channel
DownLink Specification
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 27
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Submission
DownLink 1
Planned for best Speed / delay spread performance
Each Cluster can be estimated by itself (self contained)
Major Groups include 24/16 clusters (12/8 Subchannels), for an overall 60 Subchannels
60 permutations are possible
Subchannel carriers are spread all over the specific Major Group’s clusters using RS permutation
Clusters are spread all over the spectrum using a permutation
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 28
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Submission
Total Frequency band
Guard Band
Guard Band
cluster 0 cluster 1
cluster 2cluster 3
cluster 119cluster 118
1. Dividing the subcarriers into 120 physical clusters. Each cluster contains 14 adjunct subcarriers:
DownLink Subcarriers allocation
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
DownLink 2
Planned for best Speed / delay spread performance
Planned for a reuse of 1
Pilot periodicity of 2 symbols
32 Subchannels per symbol
32 permutations are possible
Subchannel carriers are spread all over the spectrum using RS series
All Symbol is estimated as a contiguous block
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
• FFT size : 2048
• Guard Intervals : ¼, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
• Coding : Convolutional/Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC)/BTC, with coding rates = 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
• Additional repetition coding of X2, X4 and X6
• PUSC/O-PUSC/AMC/TUSC Subchannel structures
• QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM modulation
• 6 Tiles per slot (PUSC), 6 Tiles per slot (O-PUSC - optional), 6 Bins per slot (AMC – optional)
UpLink Specification
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 31
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Submission
• User Can be allocated 1 up to the maximum mini/regular Sub-Channels allocated to the sector
• Ranging Sub-Channels for User Ranging and fast Band-Width Request by using CDMA over OFDMA technique.
• Supporting optional Space Time Coding employing Alamouti STC and MIMO operation.
• Supporting optional Adaptive Array.
UpLink Specification
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
UpLink Data Mapping
Mapping is performed in time axis first, per allocation, for the length of the UL relevant zone
Mapping needs only one axis of description (saves signaling overhead)
Mapping takes advantage of the power concentration as much as possible
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 33
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Submission
Up-Link CDMA on OFDMARanging and Bandwidth request
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 34
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Submission
• The CDMA like synchronization is achieved by allocating several of the usable Sub-Channels for the Ranging process, the logic unit they consist is called a Ranging Sub-Channel.
• Onto the Ranging Sub-Channel users modulate a Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence using BPSK modulation
• The Base Station detects the different sequences and uses the CIR that he derives from the sequences for:– Time and power synchronization– Decide on the user modulation and coding
Using CDMA like modulation for Ranging
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 35
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Submission
Ranging Signals
• Using CDMA over OFDMA modulation• ranging designed for Reuse of 1 and Reuse <1• Short ranging is used for BW request and periodic
ranging• Amount of Codes for each purpose is set by the MAC• Each sector has its own ranging codes• Using 144 Subcarriers as the basic transmission block
(6 data Subchannels of the mandatory UL mode)• BPSK modulation onto used carriers
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 36
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
• Using the CDMA over OFDMA ranging method enables:
• A very robust mechanism for ranging
• The same mechanism for timing and power ranging
• A very efficient mechanism for maintenance ranging
• A very efficient mechanism for bandwidth request
• Latency is improved by factor of 4, efficiency by factor of 6
OFDMA using large FFT – The best Solution
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Collision expectation value
Su
ce
ssfu
l B
W r
eq
ue
sts
pe
r slo
t
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 37
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Submission
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 38
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Submission
• To be used to overcome unknown channel conditions. • Whenever the first transmitted block fails to decode, the
decoder use the ACK/NACK protocol to request additional portion of the encoded block.
• Second transmission of the block may be a repetition of the first one and/or additional parity bits.
• The decoder combines the sum of all transmission and attempts to decode. This scheme is repeated until successful or dropped by the MAC layer.
• Incremental Redundancy (IR) and Chase combining H-ARQ schemes.
HARQ Operation
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 39
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Submission
LL
R
De
-In
terl
ea
ver
CC
/'CT
C F
EC
De
cod
er
CR
Cchannelestimator
Transmit theACK/NAK
ACK/NAK
H-ARQControl &memory
ACK/NACK generated in the PHY layer
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 40
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Submission
Diversity Schemes
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 41
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Submission
OFDMA space-time coding
• Transmit diversity (BST)• Receive diversity (BST)
– Use two receive chains– Combine the signals in the frequency domain– Equivalent channel response combines the best of both receive chains
• Diversity gain is 5-20dB (omni antennas)
Antenna #2
Antenna #1
Frequency
Amplitude(dB)
Frequency
Amplitude(dB)
Combined
Combine twoantennas
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 42
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Txdiversityencoder
IFFT DACFilter RF
IFFT DACFilter RF
Subcarrier modulation
IFFT input packing
Tx
Rx
RF DAC Filter FFT Diversity Combiner
Sub-channel demod.
Log-Likelihood
ratiosDecoder
STC
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 43
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Submission
RF DAC Filter FFT
Sub-channel demod.
Log-Likelihood
ratiosDecoder
Rx
RF DAC Filter FFT Diversity Combiner
IFFT DACFilter RF Subcarrier modulation
Sub-Channel Allocation Tx
Receive Diversity
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 44
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Submission
Simulation Results
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 45
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
2K FFT OFDMA Optimized for 5MHz BW2K FFT OFDMA Optimized for 5MHz BW
-5 0 5 10 15 20 2510
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
PER Vs. C/N on DL 2K (OFS) for ITU-B using 5MHz Channel with Phase-Noise
C/N
PE
R
QPSK 1/2 Div.X4 60KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X4 120KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X4 180KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X4 250KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 60KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 120KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 180KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 250Kph16QAM 1/2 60Kph16QAM 1/2 120Kph16QAM 1/2 180Kph16QAM 1/2 250Kph64QAM 1/2 60Kph64QAM 1/2 120Kph64QAM 1/2 180Kph64QAM 1/2 250Kph
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 46
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
2K FFT OFDMA Optimized for 10MHz BW2K FFT OFDMA Optimized for 10MHz BW
-5 0 5 10 15 20 2510
-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
PER Vs. C/N on DL 2K (OFS) for ITU-B using 10MHz Channel with Phase-Noise
C/N
PE
R
QPSK 1/2 Div.X4 60KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X4 120KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X4 180KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X4 250KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 60KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 120KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 180KphQPSK 1/2 Div.X2 250Kph16QAM 1/2 60Kph16QAM 1/2 120Kph16QAM 1/2 180Kph16QAM 1/2 250Kph64QAM 1/2 60Kph64QAM 1/2 120Kph64QAM 1/2 180Kph64QAM 1/2 250Kph
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 47
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
UL throughput measurement setup
Laptop
BST
LaptopEth
CPEEthHu
b
Laptop
Traffic Generator
Sniffer
packets
Att
Att
(Maximum throughput)
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 48
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
UL Test Results
Modulation
Code rate
US PWR
REF
(dBm)
Expected results/
Measured results
GI =1/32
(Mbit/sec)
Expected results/
Measured results
GI =1/16
(Mbit/sec)
Expected results/
Measured results
GI =1/8
(Mbit/sec)
Expected results/
Measured results
GI =1/4
(Mbit/sec)
Expected
Delay
(Less than Msec)
QPSK 1/2 -20 4.1 4.72 3.9 4.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 29
QPSK 3/4 -20 7.0 7.25 6.6 6.9 6.4 6.2 5.8 6.0 29
16-QAM 1/2 -20 7.2 7.3 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.0 26
16-QAM 3/4 -20 11.4 11.7 11.4 11.5 10.6 10.2 9.0 9.2 26
64-QAM 1/2 -20 10.2 10.3 9.4 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.6 24
64-QAM 3/4 -20 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 49
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Laptop
BSTEth
CPEEthHu
b
Laptop
Sniffer for UL
UL packets
Laptop
Laptop
Hub
DL packets
Sniffer for DL
Traffic Generator For DL Traffic Generator For UL
Att
Att
PER tests set up (experimental equipment )
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 50
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
UL PER test results
(Packet size=512 bytes, measurement time for each modulation 7 minutes)
GI=1/32 GI=1/16 GI=1/8 GI=1/4 Modulation
Code rate
US PWR
REF
(dBm)
(Mbit/sec)/
PER%
(Mbit/sec)/
PER%
(Mbit/sec)/
PER%
(Mbit/sec)/
PER%
4.72 4.65 3.6 3.4 QPSK 1/2 -20
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.007
7.25 6.9 6.2 5.8 QPSK 3/4 -20
0.3 1.2 1.0 0.005
6.7 6.7 6.2 6 16-QAM 1/2 -20
0.01 0.06 0.1 0.2
11.7 11.5 10.2 9.2 16-QAM 3/4 -20
0.5 0.07 0.2 0.4
8.9 8.7 8.5 8.65(1500byte)
64-QAM 1/2 -20
0.02 0.02 0.4 0.5
64-QAM 3/4 -20 TBD TBD TBD TBD
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 51
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
CPE BST
SignalGeneratorInterferer
Att
PCPC
Combiner
DataInput
DataOutput
BPF
Att
BST receiver selectivity channel set up
Adjacent (Alternate) channel rejection
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 52
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Using a Reuse Factor of 1
By allocating different Sub-Channels to different sectors we can reach a reuse factor of 1 with up to 12 sectors (changing the polarity enhances the performance)
HorizontalSub-hannel
s Set 1F1
VerticalSub-hannel
s Set 1F1 V
ertic
alS
ub-h
anne
ls
Set
2F
1
Hor
izon
tal
Sub
-han
nel
s S
et 2
F1
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 53
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Coverage Patterns1 frequency, 2 frequencies
1 Frequency C/I = 2 - 10 dB
2 FrequenciesC/I = 10 -29 dB
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 54
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Coverage Patterns3 frequencies, 6 frequencies
3 Frequencies C/I = 18-30 dB
6 FrequenciesC/I = 22-30+ dB
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 55
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Applicable Spectrum mask (DVB-RCT, 2kFFT)
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 56
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Working with Different Interferers
Partial Band Jamming and Coexistence with IEEE802.11a, HiperLAN2 systems –
• Interference detection combined with smart ECC, enabling erasures on disturbed carriers
• The OFDMA (2k mode) has a 15dB “processing gain” against wide band Jammers or other 802.11a, HiperLAN2 interferers
carrier of largeFFT size
Power = P'
Frequency
carrier of smallFFT size
Power = P'
for the large sizeFFT we get
dBJammeraOFDMA
N
S1511.802
for the Small sizeFFT we get
dBJammerOFDMAa
N
S011.802
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 57
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Tuner
AGC-RF
SAW6MHz BW AMP
IF OUT
IF 36MHz
Freq InfoFrom WRAN
Modem
BPFLNA
NF=7dB
470-860MHz
From Processor
A/D10b
Demod.FFTTo Processor
To Analyze AndReport
Signal Signatures
WRAN Sensing scheme
• Scanning of +/- 8 channels from both sides of WRAN operating channel
• 50 steps of 2MHz each fed to the tuner
• Extracting signal signature within the scanned band will take 15 msec
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 58
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
MAC ProposalMAC Proposal
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 59
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Proposal Outline
• Network Entry and Initialization– 802.16 based solutions
• Class of Services and Quality of Services– 802.16 based solutions
• Support for Interference Mitigation and Coexistence– New solutions proposed
• OA&M Support– To be defined
• Base Station and CPE Address Space– 802.16 based solutions
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 60
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Support for Interference Mitigation and Coexistence
• Protections of licensed incumbent services– RF Sensing Control– DFS Messaging Control
• LE systems coexistence and sharing– Spectrum sharing mechanism– Inter-system communications
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 61
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Protections of Licensed Incumbent Services
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 62
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
RF Sensing Control
• Objectives– Licensed incumbent protection guarantee– 802.22 system QoS guarantee
• Possible Solutions– RF sensing separated with data transmissions– RF sensing overlapped with data transmissions
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 63
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
RF Sensing in Quiet Periods
QuietSensing
R A Data TransmissionsQuiet
SensingR A
Sensing TimeChannel Detection Time (2000ms)
Data Transmissions
Measurement Reporting Frames
DFS Announcement Frames
Channel Move Grace Period (2000ms + 100ms)
Aggregate Control Tx Time (100ms)
time
periodgsen
DFSgsenData T
TTU
_sin
sin1
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 64
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
RF Sensing in Quiet Periods
• Advantages– Reliable RF sensing
• Disadvantages– Data services interruption
• Transmission Latency
– Low system utilization• System throughput
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 65
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
RF Sensing overlapped with Data Transmissions
• Proposal– Selective RF Sensing with simultaneous data
transmissions
• Properties– Continuous data transmissions– “Full” system utilization– RF sensing performed on selective spectrum
that reliable sensing can be achieved
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 66
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Selective RF Sensing
• Guard bands – guarantee reliable sensing
• Adaptive spectrum selection for RF sensing– Optimizing the sensing reliability and QoS
using intelligent control algorithms
Spectrum in useGuard band Spectrum being sensedSpectrum being sensed Guard band
Frequency
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 67
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Dynamic Frequency Hopping with Simultaneous Selective RF Sensing
Initial Sensing
Validation time of CH A
Transmitting on CH ASensing on CH ([0, A-n],
[A+n, N])
Less than Grace Period
Validation time of CH B
Less than Grace Period
Transmitting on CH BSensing on CH ([0, B-n],
[B+n, N])
Time
• Validation time – The latest time a channel is validated to be vacant• Grace period – The maximum period of time a incumbent can tolerate interference for LE operations, from the beginning of the incumbent’s operations
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 68
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Frequency Hopping Collision
Validation time of CH A
Operating on CH ASensing on CH ([0, A-n],
[A+n, N])
Validation time of CH C
Operating on CH CSensing on CH ([0, C-n],
[C+n, N])
Time
System A
Validation time of CH B
Validation time of CH D
Operating on CH DSensing on CH ([0, D-n],
[D+n, N])
Operating on CH CSensing on CH ([0, C-n],
[C+n, N])
Time
System B
Validation time of CH C Collision on CH C
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 69
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
DFH Collision Avoidance
Validation time of CH A
Operating on CH ASensing on CH ([0, A-n],
[A+n, N])
Validation time of CH C
Operating on CH BSensing on CH ([0, B-n],
[B+n, N])
Time
System A
Validation time of CH B
Validation time of CH D
Operating on CH DSensing on CH ([0, D-n],
[D+n, N])
Operating on CH CSensing on CH ([0, C-n],
[C+n, N])
Time
System B
Validation time of CH CAnnounce to use CH C
Collision free
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 70
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Start
Wait
DFSAnnouncement
FrequencySelection and
Acquisition
No conflictingannouncement
received?
Yes
Earlierannouncement
timestamp?
NoYes
No
Time out
No
Ready tohop to theselected
frequency
Yes
End
DFH/CAAlgorithm
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 71
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
DFH/CA + Selective Sensing on Multiple Channels
Validation time of Ch A
Less than Grace Period
Validation time of Ch B
Less than Grace Period
TimeOperation Period of Ch A
Operation Period of Ch B
Validation time of Ch C
Operation Period of Ch C
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 72
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
DFS Messaging Control
Report scheduling
Reporting
ACK & Re-scheduling
All CPEs reportedsuccessfully?
Maximum number ofretry exceeded?
No
NoDFS Announcing &Defective decision
adjustment
Yes
Yes
Sensing
InitialSensing
Start
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 73
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Spectrum Sensing Results
• Detect 4 channel conditions:1. Licensed incumbent occupied2. Another 802.22 system occupied3. Noisy4. Vacated/clean
• Sensing reports– Bit-vector and on-request raw data– Balancing efficiency and accuracy of sensing reports
• Validation time– For non-incumbent-occupied channels
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 74
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Report Scheduling• Polling
– BS polls CPEs to report through uplink (UL) MAP that schedules TX opportunities for CPE reporting
– the UL MAP may provide redundant transmission opportunities for CPE’s reporting
• Poll-me– CPE requests for reporting
• Contention – CPE requests for reporting or sends report via
contention opportunities (contention sub-channel/window)
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 75
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Report ACK and Re-scheduling
• Explicit report reschedule– The BS re-schedules those CPEs from which it
failed to receive the sensing reports in a subsequent UL MAP
• Implicit report acknowledgement– The BS ACKs the successful reports by not
scheduling in a subsequent UL MAP those CPEs from which it received their sensing reports
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 76
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
DFS Decision• DFS decision-making
– The BS decides the valid channels to be used for the whole system in the next DFH period by summarizing all measurement reports
– Decisions could be made by as simple as logical ORs
• DFS decision announcement– DFS decision shall be announced to all CPEs in the
system, and to all neighbour BSs.
• Adjustment to prevent defective decisions– BS adjusts DFS decisions according to feedbacks from
CPEs and neighbour BSs
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 77
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Support for Interference Mitigation and Coexistence
• Protections of licensed incumbent services– RF Sensing Control– DFS Messaging Control
• LE systems coexistence and sharing– Spectrum sharing mechanism– Inter-system communications
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 78
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Co-existence of 802.22 Systems
• Objectives– Fair and efficient spectrum sharing mechanism
– Efficient inter-system communications for collaborative coexistence
• Proposals– On-demand Spectrum Contention
• Spectrum contention mechanism with integration of DFS and TPC
– Logical control connections• Over-the-air + over-the-backhaul
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 79
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Spectrum Sharing Mechanism – On-Demand Spectrum Contention
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 80
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Data Transmissions
Channel Evaluationand Selection
Sharing theselected channel
feasible?
No
Contention for owningthe selected channel
Selected channeloccupied by
802.22 systems?
Success ?
Transmissions withthe selected channel
Transmissions withoutthe selected channel
Yes
Yes
NoExternalDemand
InternalDemand
Yes
Initialization
On-DemandSpectrum Contention
No
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 81
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
On-Demand SpectrumContention on Channel a
BS 2BS 3BS 1
Request/responses
via Control Channel
a
a
aSystem 3System 3System 3System 3System 3System 3System 3
System1System1System1System1System1System1System1
System2System2System2System2
Operation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation interval
Contention responseContention responseContention responseContention responseContention responseContention responseContention response
Contention requestContention requestContention requestContention requestContention requestContention requestContention request
c
b
Grace Period
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 82
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Properties of ODSC: Efficiency
• Low coexistence overhead – Coexistence overhead is only incurred on
demand (no constant O/H)– Low overhead inter-system communications that
are overlapping with data transmissions
• Low coexistence complexity – Simple contention mechanism – Distributed decision-making -- scalable
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 83
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Properties of ODSC: Adaptation
• Highly adaptive– Internal demand: channel conditions and
workload conditions – External demand: coexistence (spectrum
contention) requests
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 84
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Properties of ODSC: Fairness
• Contention based– Fair spectrum access for every system at any
moment
• Iterative process– Long-term global (multi-system) fairness
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 85
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Inter-System Communications – Logical Control Connections
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 86
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Logical Control Connections (LCC)
• Over-the-air logical control connection• Over-the-backhaul logical control connection
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 87
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Over-the-air Logical Control Connections
• Key Concepts– Bridge-CPE – Co-existence Connection, with Co-existence
Association– Over-the-air control connection = service
connection + coexistence connection
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 88
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Bridge CPE
• Located in the overlapping area of two cells
• Associated with one BS (service BS) through service connections;
• Associated with another BS (coexistence BS) through coexistence connections (for coexistence communications only)
Bridge CPE (associated with BS1)
Serviceconnections
Co-existenceconnection
BS0 BS1
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 89
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Co-existence Connections• Carry co-existence communications• Established and maintained
– Between a bridge CPE and the coexistence BS (C-BS) on request by the service BS (S-BS)
– Between two BSs (if S-BS is within the arrange of C-BS and S-BS behaves as a CPE of C-BS in such case)
– On channels occupied by the coexistence BS
• Establishment/maintenance performed along with service data transmission– Ranging, connection acquisition– Controlled by S-BS and shall be guaranteed that they are
not co-scheduled with service communications
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 90
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
LCC Between Two Base Stations
Bridge CPE (associated with BS1)
Serviceconnections
Co-existenceconnection
Co-existenceconnection
BS0 BS1
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 91
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Over-the-Air Co-existence Communications via LCC
• S-BS communicates with C-BS for co-existence via B-CPE as a relay
– Communications via Service connection + coexistence connection
– S-BS controls the coexistence operations between B-CPE and C-BS
• Coexistence communications– Messaging for spectrum contention/negotiation, – Sensing measurement sharing, – Operation parameter announcement
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 92
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Coexistence Communications ControlService
BSBridgeCPE
CoexistBS
Data TX Scheduling Coexist TX Scheduling
(Ignored by Bridge CPE)
Coexist OperationScheduling Coexist TX Requests
Coexist TX Scheduling
Coexist Transmissions
Coexist TX Scheduling
(Ignored by Bridge CPE)
Data TX Scheduling
Scheduled Coexist Operation Period
Service Connections Coexist Connections
Data Transmissions
Data Transmissions
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 93
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Over-the-Backhaul LCC
CPE1
Serviceconnections
BS0 BS1
CPE0
Serviceconnections
Internet
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 94
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Co-existence Management Entity
802.22PHY
802.22MAC
SAP
MLME
IP
SAP
802.3 PHY
802.3 MAC
SAP
SAP
TCP/UDP
CoExistME
SAP
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 95
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Co-existence Management Messages
Respond2Get(MIBParams, SRC, DST);Get(MIBParams, SRC, DST);
Respond2Reqest(CoexistMesg, SRC, DST);Reqest(CoexistMesg, SRC, DST);
Respond2Set (MIBParams, SRC, DST);Set (MIBParams, SRC, DST);
Source CoexistME Destination CoexistME
Respond 2Get(MIBParams, SRC);Respond 2Get(MIBParams, DST);
Respond 2Request(CoexistMesg, SRC);Respond 2Reqest(CoexistMesg, DST);
Respond 2Set(MIBParams, SRC);Respond 2Set(MIBParams, DST);
Respond 2Set(MIBParams);
CoexistME MACMAC CoexistME
Get(MIBParams, SRC);Get(MIBParams, DST);
Request(CoexistMesg, SRC);Reqest(CoexistMesg, DST);
Set(MIBParams, SRC);Set(MIBParams, DST);
Set (MIBParams);
CoexistME MACMAC CoexistME
Destination Base StationSource Base Station
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 96
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Conclusion (MAC)
• Complete and efficient MAC solutions for interference mitigation and coexistence support
• Protections of licensed incumbent services– RF Sensing Control
– DFS Messaging Control
• LE systems coexistence and sharing– Spectrum sharing mechanism
– Inter-system communications
November 2005
Eli Sofer, Runcom | Wendong Hu, STMicroelectronics
Slide 97
doc.: IEEE 802.22-05/0097r0
Submission
Questions and Answers