CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

March 28, 2008

EMERGENCYTELEPHONE NUMBERS

CAMPUS POLICE: 3111

HEALTH SERVICES: 3216

ENV. SAFETY OFFICE: 3756

ESO/CHO (cell phone): 978-833-7308

EMERGENCYCOORDINATOR/FACILITIES: 3115

FITCHBURG POLICE: 911

OTHER OUTSIDE RESPONDERS 911

POISON CENTER: 1-800-682-9211

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE NO.

Introduction………………………………………………………………….................................1

1. Basic Rules and Procedures for Working with Chemicals......................................................3

A. General Rules.......................................................................................................................3

(1) Avoidance of “routine” exposure................................................................................3(2) Choice of chemicals.....................................................................................................3(3) Eating, smoking, etc....................................................................................................3(4) Equipment and glassware............................................................................................3(5) Exiting..........................................................................................................................3(6) Horseplay.....................................................................................................................3(7) Mouth suction..............................................................................................................3(8) Personal apparel...........................................................................................................3(9) Personal housekeeping.................................................................................................3(10) Personal protection......................................................................................................3(11) Planning.......................................................................................................................3(12) Unattended operations.................................................................................................3(13) Use of hood..................................................................................................................3(14) Vigilance......................................................................................................................3(15) Disposal.......................................................................................................................3(16) Working alone.............................................................................................................3

B. Work with Allergens and Embryotoxins.............................................................................3

(1) Allergens......................................................................................................................3(2) Embryotoxins...............................................................................................................3

C. Work with Chemicals of Moderate Chronic or High Acute Toxicity.................................3

(1) Aim..............................................................................................................................3(2) Applicability................................................................................................................3(3) Location.......................................................................................................................3(4) Personal protection......................................................................................................3(5) Records........................................................................................................................3(6) Prevention of spills and accidents................................................................................3

D. Work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity................................................................3

(1) Aim..............................................................................................................................3(2) Applicability................................................................................................................3(3) Approvals.....................................................................................................................3(4) Location.......................................................................................................................3(5) Personal protection......................................................................................................3(6) Non-contamination/Decontamination..........................................................................3(7) Exiting..........................................................................................................................3(8) Housekeeping..............................................................................................................3(9) Medical surveillance....................................................................................................3

(10) Records........................................................................................................................3(11) Prevention of spills and accidents................................................................................3

2. Chemical Procurement, Distribution, and Storage..................................................................3

A. Procurement.........................................................................................................................3

(1) Chemical Container Labels..........................................................................................3(2) Chemical Inventory.....................................................................................................3(3) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)..........................................................................3

B. Transport of Hazardous Chemicals.....................................................................................3

C. Stockrooms/Prep rooms.......................................................................................................3

D. Laboratory and other storage outside stock rooms and prep rooms....................................3

(1) Flammables and Combustibles....................................................................................3(2) Oxidizers......................................................................................................................3(3) Peroxides......................................................................................................................3(4) Toxic Chemicals..........................................................................................................3

3. Protective Apparel and Equipment..........................................................................................3

A. General.................................................................................................................................3

B. Specific Requirements.........................................................................................................3

C. Hand Protection Selection (with Selection Chart)...............................................................3

D. Respirator Selection and Use...............................................................................................3

4. Signs and Postings...................................................................................................................3

5. Housekeeping, Maintenance, and Inspections.........................................................................3

A. Cleaning...............................................................................................................................3

B. Inspections...........................................................................................................................3

C. Maintenance.........................................................................................................................3

D. Access and Egress................................................................................................................3

6. Spills and Accidents.................................................................................................................3

A. Incidental Chemical Spills...................................................................................................3

(1) Incidental Chemical Spill Clean-up.............................................................................3(2) Spill Remediation........................................................................................................3

B. Reportable Chemical Spills.................................................................................................3

(1) Reportable Chemical Spill Clean-up...........................................................................3(2) Spill Remediation........................................................................................................3(3) Reporting.....................................................................................................................3

C. Mixed Spills ......................................................................................................................24

(1) Individual Contamination:...........................................................................................3(2) Clean-up.......................................................................................................................3

D. General/Emergencies……………………………………………………………………26

7. Environmental Monitoring......................................................................................................3

8. Medical Program......................................................................................................................3

A. Exposure Monitoring and Evaluation..................................................................................3

(1) Exposure Monitoring...................................................................................................3(2) Exposure Evaluation....................................................................................................3

B. Medical Consults and Exams...............................................................................................3

(1) General Requirements.................................................................................................3(2) Human Resources Requirements.................................................................................3

9. Information and Training Program..........................................................................................3

A. Information..........................................................................................................................3

B. Annual Training...................................................................................................................3

(1) Personnel Affected.......................................................................................................3(2) Training Program Elements.........................................................................................3

C. Hands-on Instruction...........................................................................................................3

D. Refresher and New Hazard Training...................................................................................3

E. Training Materials...............................................................................................................3

F. Training Records.................................................................................................................3

10. Waste Disposal Program......................................................................................................3

A. General Work Practices.......................................................................................................3

B. Procedures for Handling Chemical Waste and Hazardous Waste.....................................34

C. Procedures for Handling Universal Waste........................................................................35

D. Labeling Waste Containers................................................................................................35

E. Removal of Hazardous Waste Containers.........................................................................36

11. Records..............................................................................................................................36

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Chemical Hygiene Responsibilities……………………………………………....37

Appendix B: The Laboratory Facility…………………………………………………………..44

Appendix C: Glossary…………………………………………………………………………...49

Appendix D: Chemical Hazards………………………………………………………………...54

Appendix E: Chemical Compatibility Chart and Chemical Storage Systems…………………..59

Appendix F: Maximum Allowable Size of Containers and Portable Tanks…………………….65

Appendix G: Solvent Flammability Characteristics…………………………………………….66

Appendix H: Corrosive Chemicals……………………………………….…………………….67

Appendix I: Water Reactive Chemicals………………………………………………………..68

Appendix J: Peroxide Forming Compounds……………………………………………………69

Appendix K: Common Gases and Gas Cylinder Safety………………………………………..76

Appendix L: Partial List of Carcinogens……………………………………………………….82

Appendix M: Regulated Carcinogens…………………………………………………………..83

Appendix N: Project/Procedure Hazard Assessment/Analysis…………………………………86

Appendix O: Checklists, Forms and Procedures……………………………………………...99

Appendix P: Waste Management Information………………………………………………111

Appendix Q: Resources and Statutory / Regulatory References ……………………………112

INTRODUCTION

This Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is designed to apply to all Fitchburg State College (FSC) employees who have received chemical hygiene and /or hazardous materials training, as defined in Appendix A (Chemical Hygiene Responsibilities). It shall also be used as a reference by other chemical users on campus, including those using photographic darkrooms and studios. As such, the term “laboratory” refers to any such room when chemicals are used. A detailed description of Laboratory Facilities can be found in Appendix B. The terms used in this Plan can be found in the Glossary located in Appendix C. Resources and Statutory/Regulatory References can be found in Appendix P.

1

1. Basic Rules and Procedures for Working with Chemicals

Everyone on Campus is responsible for recognizing potential hazards in his or her work or study areas. This responsibility requires understanding and familiarity with processes, maintenance of chemical and physical inventories, and periodic review of activities in the work area. A description of Chemical Hazards, as well as information on Chemical Compatibility / Chemical Storage Systems are located in Appendices D and E, respectively.

All FSC employees must be familiar with and follow the rules and procedures contained in this plan.

A. General Rules

The following apply to all work with chemicals:

(1) Avoidance of “routine” exposure

Develop and encourage safe habits; avoid unnecessary exposure to chemicals by any route.

Review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) prior to using a chemical.

Do not taste chemicals.

Do not smell or taste chemicals in an unauthorized manner

Inspect gloves before use.

(2) Choice of chemicals

Users of chemicals are encouraged to develop and use validated experimental procedures that replace hazardous materials with non-hazardous materials, minimize generation of hazardous wastes, or result in effective treatment of wastes to reduce or eliminate hazardous characteristics.

(3) Eating, smoking, etc.

Do not eat, drink, smoke, chew gum, or apply cosmetics in areas where laboratory chemicals are present; wash hands before conducting these activities.

Do not store or handle food or beverages for personal consumption in chemical storage areas, refrigerators, glassware or utensils which are also used for laboratory operations.

(4) Equipment and glassware

Use equipment only for its intended purpose.

Inspect equipment or laboratory apparatus for damage before use. Never use damaged equipment such as cracked glassware or equipment with frayed wiring.

2

Handle and store laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage; do not use damaged glassware. Use extra care with Dewar flasks and other evacuated glass apparatus; shield or wrap them to contain chemicals and fragments should implosion or explosion occur.

(5) Exiting

Wash areas of exposed skin well before leaving the laboratory. A sink, soap and towel will be provided in each chemical use area.

(6) Horseplay

Avoid practical jokes or other behavior which might confuse, startle or distract another worker.

(7) Mouth suction

Do not use mouth suction for pipeting or starting a siphon. Always use a pipette bulb or other mechanical pipette filling device.

(8) Personal apparel

Confine long hair and loose clothing. Sandals, perforated shoes, or absorbent footwear are not appropriate footwear.

Wear clothing that covers both the arms and legs. Wear a lab coat. Do not wear jewelry.

(9) Personal housekeeping

All work areas, including benches and floors must be kept clean, dry, and uncluttered with chemicals and equipment being properly labeled and stored; clean up the work area on completion of an operation or at the end of each day.

Access to emergency equipment, electrical panels, emergency shut offs (e.g. gas), fire extinguishers, utility controls, showers, eyewash stations, and laboratory exits must never be blocked. Three square feet of unoccupied area is required around each.

(10) Personal protection

Wear appropriate safety goggles when handling potentially hazardous chemicals or engaging in processes that may endanger the eyes. Safety glasses with side shields may not be appropriate for protection with some chemicals.

Wear appropriate gloves when the potential for contact with toxic materials exists, with glove material compatible with chemicals in use; inspect the gloves before each use, wash them before removal, and replace them periodically.

3

Chemical resistant aprons and laboratory coats with long sleeves shall be worn buttoned (snaps are preferred). Use any other protective and emergency apparel and equipment as appropriate.

Avoid use of contact lenses in the laboratory unless necessary; if they are used, inform supervisor so special precautions can be taken.

Remove laboratory coats immediately on significant contamination.

Refer to CHP Section 3, for more detailed requirements concerning protective apparel.

(11) Planning

Seek information and advice about hazards, plan appropriate protective procedures, and plan positioning of equipment before beginning any new operation.

a. Engineering Controls

Use an appropriate laboratory hood if material is volatile or the process may produce aerosols.

Use appropriate storage containers for raw materials and waste materials (e.g. approved metal flammable safety cans and flammable storage cabinets). (See Appendix F for Maximum Allowable Sizes of Containers and Portable Tanks.)

b. Administrative Controls

Have an appropriate Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) available for chemicals and procedures. A chemical spill and waste disposal protocol must be included in the SOP. See Appendix N, and Appendix O (part 5) for guidance on developing SOPs. Ensure that all laboratory staff and students are familiar with SOPs. An SOP shall be available for every process and experiment performed in a laboratory, studio or darkroom which shall set out each step of the process and experiment and set out any safety precautions required beyond the safety precautions established by this Plan. If there is no SOP available, lab workers must consult with the department chair prior to beginning any work with chemicals or procedures.

Use appropriate hand protection and wash hands and any other potentially exposed skin immediately after working with chemicals.

Ensure all chemical containers are appropriately labeled (see section 2(A)(1)).

4

If possible, cover work surfaces with absorbent plastic backed paper to simplify clean-up of any spilled chemicals.

Have an appropriate waste disposal plan for chemicals.

Have an appropriate spill plan for chemicals.

If required by Hazard Assessment/Analysis, as set out in Appendix N, conduct exposure monitoring and medical consultations.

(12) Unattended operations

All chemical containers, including reaction vessels and process equipment, must be labeled.

A sign stating “Let Run” (or equivalent) must be posted near the process and on the laboratory door. This sign will include a contact name for person responsible for operation.

Provide for the containment of hazard substances in the event of failure of a utility service, such as cooling water. Additional controls are needed for particularly hazardous chemicals.

(13) Use of hood

Use the hood for operations which might result in release of hazardous chemical vapors or dust.

As a rule of thumb, use a hood or other local ventilation device when working with any appreciably volatile substance with a Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of less than 50 ppm or the equivalent Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL).

Confirm adequate hood performance before use; when not utilizing the exhaust hoods, cover sash to a point 6” above work surface to keep the room under negative pressure; windows and doors to the laboratory should be kept closed; keep materials stored in hoods to a minimum and do not allow them to block vents or air flow.

(14) Vigilance

Be alert to unsafe conditions and see that they are corrected when detected.

(15) Disposal

Deposit chemical wastes in the appropriate, labeled receptacles and follow the disposal procedures described in CHP Section 10.

(16) Working alone

Employees should avoid working alone, when conducting research and experiments involving hazardous substances and procedures.

5

a. Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories:

A college representative trained in chemical safety (faculty member, laboratory technician or other person chosen by the Department Chairperson) must be present in the laboratory at all times when undergraduate students are conducting experiments.

b. Independent Study and Graduate Students:

Students who need to work alone must receive permission from their advisor prior to working alone. If students have approval from their advisor to work alone after normal working hours, they shall contact FSC Campus Police to make them aware of their presence in the facility. FSC Campus Police shall make periodic checks of any laboratory having lone workers. Students working alone should plan a route of escape in case of an emergency. Students working alone should always notify a responsible person about their location and anticipated time of arrival at home or elsewhere. Those persons should be asked to contact the FSC Campus Police within a reasonable time after which the person does not return.

c. Research Laboratories:

Personnel with special need to work alone after hours shall contact FSC Campus Police to make them aware of their presence in the facility. FSC Campus Police shall make periodic checks of any laboratory having lone workers. Laboratory personnel should plan a route of escape in case of emergency. Personnel working alone shall also notify a responsible person about their location and anticipated time of arrival at home or elsewhere. Those persons should be asked to contact the FSC Campus Police within a reasonable time after which the person did not return.

B. Work with Allergens and Embryotoxins

(1) Allergens

(examples: diazomethane, isocyanates, bichromates)

Wear suitable gloves to prevent hand contact with allergens or substances of unknown allergenic activity. Chemical properties or chemical family of the substance will determine which glove type is required.

(2) Embryotoxins

(examples: organomercurials, lead compounds, formamide)

If you are a woman of childbearing age, handle these substances only in a hood whose satisfactory performance has been confirmed, using appropriate protective apparel (especially gloves) to prevent skin contact.

6

Review each use of these materials with the research supervisor and review continuing uses annually or whenever a procedural change is made.

Store these substances, properly labeled, in an adequately ventilated area in an unbreakable secondary container.

Notify supervisors of all incidents of exposure or spills; consult a qualified physician when appropriate.

C. Work with Chemicals of Moderate Chronic or High Acute Toxicity

Medium hazard operations are those where any of the following types of chemicals or biological hazards are used:

Flammable or Combustible Liquids or solids (see Appendix G)

Corrosive or Reactive Chemicals (see Appendices H and I)

Contact Hazards

Heavy metals

Neurotoxins

Peroxide or Peroxide forming (see Appendix J)

Lachrymator

Sensitizer

Unstable

Examples: diisopropylflurophosphate, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen cyanide.

(1) Aim

To minimize exposure to these toxic substances by any route using all reasonable precautions.

(2) Applicability

These precautions are appropriate for substances with moderate chronic or high acute toxicity used in significant quantities.

(3) Location

Use and store these substances only in areas of restricted access with special warning signs.

Always use a hood (previously evaluated to confirm adequate performance with a face velocity of at least 60 linear feet per minute) or other containment device for procedures which may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors containing the substance.

7

(4) Personal protection

Always avoid skin contact by use of gloves and long sleeves (and other protective apparel as appropriate). Always wash hands and arms immediately after working with these materials.

(5) Records

Maintain records of the amounts of these materials on hand, amounts used, and the names of the workers involved.

(6) Prevention of spills and accidents

Be prepared for accidents and spills.

Assure that at least 2 people are present at all times if a compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity.

Store breakable containers of these substances in chemically resistant trays; also work and mount apparatus above such trays or cover work and storage surfaces with removable, absorbent, plastic backed paper.

If a major spill occurs outside the hood, evacuate the area; assure that cleanup personnel wear suitable protective apparel and equipment.

D. Work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity

High hazard operations include work with particularly hazardous chemicals that are identified as:

Carcinogens (see Appendix L for a Partial List of Carcinogens and Appendix M for Regulated Carcinogens)

Reproductive toxins

Highly Toxic

Severe allergens

Severe Corrosives

Explosives

Pyrophorics

Strong oxidizers

Strong sensitizers

(Examples: dimethylmercury and nickel carbonyl, benzo-a-pyrene, N-nitrosodiethylamine, other human carcinogens or substances with high carcinogenic potency in animals.)

8

(1) Aim

To minimize exposure to these toxic substances by any route using all reasonable precautions.

(2) Applicability

These precautions are appropriate for substances with high chronic toxicity used in significant quantities.

(3) Approvals

Prepare a plan for use and disposal of these materials and obtain the approval of the Department Chairperson and the Environmental Safety Officer.

(4) Location

Conduct all transfers and work with these substances in a "controlled area": a restricted access hood or portion of a lab designated for use of highly toxic substances, for which all people with access are aware of the substances being used and necessary precautions.

Assure that the controlled area is conspicuously marked with warning and restricted access signs and that all containers of these substances are appropriately labeled with identity and warning labels.

Store containers of these chemicals only in a ventilated, limited access area in appropriately labeled, unbreakable, chemically resistant, secondary containers.

(5) Personal protection

Always avoid skin contact by use of gloves and long sleeves (and other protective apparel as appropriate). Always wash hands and arms immediately after working with these materials.

(6) Non-contamination/Decontamination

Protect vacuum pumps against contamination by scrubbers or HEPA filters and vent them into the hood. Decontaminate vacuum pumps or other contaminated equipment, including glassware, in the hood before removing them from the controlled area.

Decontaminate the controlled area before normal work is resumed there.

(7) Exiting

On leaving a controlled area, remove any protective apparel (placing it in an appropriate, labeled container) and thoroughly wash hands, forearms, face, and neck.

9

(8) Housekeeping

Use a wet mop or a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter instead of dry sweeping if the toxic substance was a dry powder.

(9) Medical surveillance

If using toxicologically significant quantities of such a substance on a regular basis (e.g., 3 times per week), consult a qualified physician concerning desirability of regular medical surveillance.

(10) Records

Keep accurate records of the amounts of these substances stored and used, the dates of use, and names of users.

(11) Prevention of spills and accidents

Assure that contingency plans, equipment, and materials to minimize exposures of people and property in case of accident are available.

2. Chemical Procurement, Distribution, and Storage

A. Procurement

Before the approval of any chemical purchases, the current chemical inventory must be checked and the Purchase Order signed-off by the Environmental

Safety Officer (ESO) or his/her designee. This measure prevents the duplicate or unnecessary purchase of chemicals already in inventory, see Section 2A(2), Chemical Inventory.

(1) Chemical Container Labels

a. Chemical labels on original containers shall display the information listed below upon their delivery to the College. Any chemicals delivered to the College shall be inspected for correct labeling upon receipt by the Materials Management Department under the guidance of the Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO). Containers shall be rejected and sent back to the supplier if the labeling is insufficient.

i The common name of the chemical.

ii The name of the company supplying the chemical.

iii A hazard warning indicating any health or safety hazards that the chemical may present, including: corrosiveness, carcinogenicity, water reactivity, flammability, mutagenicity and toxicity. If a chemical presents a health

10

hazard, the label shall indicate the precautions required (gloves, respirator, etc.) for its safe handling.

b. Upon the delivery of an original container to its point of use, the Lab Technician, together with the Designated User or Principal Investigator in control of the point of use shall be responsible for maintaining the proper labeling of the containers in which the chemical is stored or transported. A chemical may be dispensed from its original container only if it is dispensed into a container that has been (i) approved by the CHO as safe and compatible; and (ii) labeled with the common and scientific name of the chemical and hazards, if any.

c. Container labeling requirements also apply to chemical substances developed in the laboratory. If the composition of the chemical substance is known it should be labeled accordingly. If the chemical produced is a byproduct whose composition is not known it should be labeled and managed as a hazardous waste.

d. Chemical container labeling will be assessed in the routine inspections of laboratories, studios, darkrooms and storage areas. Questions on the use and type of containers shall be referred to the CHO.

e. Anyone who discovers an unlabeled or mislabeled chemical shall promptly contact the CHO. The CHO will dispose of its contents in accordance with the procedures described in CHP Section 10.

(2) Chemical Inventory

a. Each Department (together with any Principal Investigators engaged in research under the Department’s auspices) shall be responsible for developing and maintaining an accurate and current inventory (the “Local Inventory”) of all chemicals used and stored within the department or, in the case of a Principal Investigator, in his or her laboratory. The Department shall maintain the Local Inventory on a computerized database that has been approved and provided by the CHO. Chemicals shall be entered into the Local Inventory immediately upon their arrival at their point of use. The Technicians responsible for each point of use shall report any changes to the Local Inventory to the CHO on a weekly basis.

b. The CHO shall maintain a master inventory (the “Master Inventory”) of all the chemicals and their storage locations on campus. Each chemical shall be entered into the Master Inventory upon the chemical’s arrival at the College. The Master Inventory shall be modified when a chemical is delivered to its point(s) of use and shall indicate a record of the amount of the chemical at the point(s) of use in accordance with the reports provided pursuant to paragraph “a” immediately above. The CHO shall reconcile the

11

Local Inventories with the Master Inventory on a weekly basis and shall promptly investigate any discrepancies.

(3) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

a. The CHO will be responsible for ensuring that: (i) the proper MSDS accompanies each chemical shipped to the campus; (ii) the master copy of the MSDS is provided to and maintained at the Environmental Safety Office; and (iii) a copy of the MSDS accompanies the chemical upon its delivery to its point of use and/or to the end user. MSDSs shall be available 24 hours a day at the Environmental Safety Office in case of emergency.

b. The Department or the Principal Investigator responsible for the point of use shall maintain a copy of the MSDSs at the point of use.

c. All Designated Users, Principal Investigators, Technicians and student workers should review the MSDS prior to use of a chemical.

B. Transport of Hazardous Chemicals

The following guidelines will be used when transporting hazardous chemicals within facilities or from building to building. Transportation of all chemicals on public ways (streets and roads) is not permitted without proper licensing and proper vehicles.

1. Hazardous chemicals that are hand-carried shall be placed in a secondary container or acid carrying bucket with tight fitting covers and shock absorbing material to protect against breakage. Bottles shall be protected from falling or tipping with a Speedi-Dry or similar means.

2. Wheeled carts used to transport chemicals shall be stable and move smoothly over uneven surfaces without tipping or stopping suddenly, and shall have lipped surfaces that would contain the chemicals if the containers break.

3. Laboratory employees transporting hazardous chemicals must wear splash goggles and a lab coat or apron in case containers break or chemicals are splashed.

4. Use freight elevators when available. Passenger elevators shall be used only during low-use time periods and then shall be occupied only by those who are handling the chemicals. All hazardous chemicals shall be placed in a secondary container or acid carrying bucket with tight fitting covers and shock absorbing material to protect against breakage.

5. Compressed gas cylinders (see Appendix K) shall be transported with hand trucks only with the cylinder strapped in place. Cylinders shall NEVER be dragged. Keep the cylinder capped until use.

12

C. Stockrooms/Prep rooms

Stockrooms and prep rooms are areas in facilities in which relatively large quantities of chemicals are stored for laboratory use. The following rules will be followed for all stockrooms and prep rooms:

1. Access must be strictly limited to authorized Laboratory Employees. All prep rooms, and storeroom/stockrooms must be locked and secured when designated Laboratory Employees are not present.

2. The College through the CHO shall ensure that all stockrooms, prep rooms and other chemical storage areas are supplied with a mechanical exhaust ventilation system that provides at least six air changes per hour. Additional local exhaust (such as opening a window or bringing in a fan) may be required if activities such as dispensing take place in the storage area.

3. Each chemical stockroom and prep room must have access, in or adjacent to the room, to at least one large sink, safety shower, eyewash station, and appropriate fire extinguisher with adequate extinguishing capacity. The fire extinguisher shall be located next to the exit door and also within 25 feet of a hazardous area. Fire extinguishers, safety showers and eyewash stations cannot be obstructed.

4. For new facilities constructed subsequent to the implementation of this CHP, each stockroom and prep room and chemical storage area must have a master control shutoff valve for water, electricity, and gas.

5. Shelving must be secure and well balanced. Shelving characteristics shall include:

Anti-roll lips on all shelves to prevent containers from falling off shelves. Existing shelving otherwise suitable for storage shall not be replaced. New shelving shall have anti-roll lips.

Metal shelves shall be corrosion-resistant.

Aisles at least 3 feet between standing shelves.

Chemicals shall be stored according to the storage patterns described in Appendix E.

6. All stockroom and prep room exits must be clearly marked and unobstructed.

7. Stockrooms and prep rooms must be well lit so that labels can be easily read.

8. No aisle is permitted to dead end. Aisles must be kept clear of clutter. Material cannot be stored in a means of egress.

13

9. The environment in stockrooms must be controlled and avoid extremes of temperature and high humidity.

10. Floors must be kept clean and dry. If being cleaned or when a spill has occurred, signs shall be posted to warn of hazard.

D. Laboratory and other storage outside stock rooms and prep rooms

The nature of laboratory work calls for certain amounts of chemicals to be on hand for easy access. However, Designated Users and Technicians shall limit, as much as possible, the amount of chemicals stored on bench tops, in hoods or other exposed areas. (Information about chemical compatibilities is available in Appendix E.) When these chemicals are flammable, combustible, reactive, toxic, or corrosive, the following rules will be observed:

(1) Flammables and Combustibles

The ESO will determine the limits on the amounts of flammables, combustibles, reactives, and unstable chemicals in the laboratories based on applicable codes, which limits will be observed for each laboratory.

a. Flammable Liquids Storage Cabinets

Flammable materials must be stored in cabinets that meet OSHA and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) specifications that cabinet contents be protected from temperatures exceeding 325 degrees F for at least 10 minutes, enough time for personnel to evacuate the area. See Appendix P for list of applicable OSHA and NFPA regulations.

Quantities of flammables stored shall not exceed the specifications for the cabinet posted inside the cabinet door.

b. Maximum Container Sizes

The NFPA limits on the size of the container for classes of flammable and combustible materials are listed in Appendix F. All original-manufacturer containers meet NFPA standards. Only NFPA-certified containers will be used for storage of flammable and combustible liquids. NFPA-certified containers are labeled as such, with the NFPA stamp.

c. Safety Cans for Flammables

NFPA-approved portable safety containers shall be used for storing flammable liquids. Flammable liquids in quantities greater that 4 liters (> 1 gallon) will be stored in metal containers. Flammable liquids purchased in large containers (> 1 gallon) shall be poured into smaller cans for distribution. The cans must be grounded and bonded during transfer of the liquid. The use of unapproved plastic containers is prohibited.

14

d. Flammable and Other Compressed Gases

The names of compressed gases must be prominently posted on the tank in which they are stored.

Flammable gas cylinders shall be stored in a separate area from other types of compressed gases.

If gases are manifolded or piped to or from equipment, the connections piping and/or tubing shall be compatible with the gases used (e.g. copper and acetylene are incompatible).

Cylinders must be grouped by the type of gas (e.g. toxic, corrosive, etc.). Cylinders of incompatible gases must be segregated by a minimum distance of 20 feet or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet high having a fire rating of at least one-half hour.

Empty cylinders shall be separated from nonempty cylinders and labeled: “empty”.

All compressed gases must be stored away from direct or localized heat (including radiators, steam pipes, or boilers) in well-ventilated and dry areas and away from areas where heavy items may strike them (e.g. near elevators or service corridors).

All compressed gases, including empty cylinders, must be secured in a upright position with chains, straps, or special stands of adequate strength and must be capped when stored or moved.

A hand truck must be available for transporting gas cylinders to and from storage areas.

(Refer to Appendix K for additional information on Gas Cylinder Safety.)

(2) Oxidizers

a. Oxidizers must be stored away from incompatible materials such as:

(1) Flammables and combustible materials (Note: Chemical resistant trays may be used if chemicals are stored on wooden shelves.)

(2) Greases(3) Paper trash bins(4) Finely divided metals(5) Organic liquids(6) Other oxidizers

15

b. Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid shall be stored separately from organic acids, from each other, and shall be in break-resistant containers and placed in acidic-resistant trays.

c. Strong oxidizing agents shall be stored and used in glass or other inert containers. Corks and rubber stoppers shall not be used.

(3) Peroxides

Peroxides and chemicals that tend to form peroxides must be stored in airtight containers in a dark, cool and dry place. Refer to Appendix J for a list of peroxide forming compounds and how to manage and assess their hazards. To minimize the rate of decomposition, peroxides and peroxidizable materials shall be stored at the lowest possible temperature consistent with their solubility and freezing point. Liquid peroxide or solutions shall not be stored at or below the temperature at which the peroxide freezes or precipitates, because peroxides in these forms are extremely sensitive to shock and heat.

(4) Toxic Chemicals

a. Extremely toxic substances must be stored in unbreakable chemically resistant secondary containers.

b. Adequate ventilation must be provided in storage areas especially for toxic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure.

c. All dispensing of these materials must be conducted in a fume hood.

3. Protective Apparel and Equipment

A. General

(1) After engineering and administrative controls have been put into place as per Appendix B, the potential for exposure to hazardous materials should be analyzed as part of SOP development. If any risk of exposure remains, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be used to reduce that risk to a minimum.

(2) PPE includes, but is not limited to protective eyewear, gloves, respirators, and clothing.

(3) PPE must be evaluated by the CHO for chemical compatibility and suitability for use with the potential hazards. The CHO will provide instructions as to compatibility and suitability.

(4) Users must be trained by the CHO in the proper use of PPE. If respiratory protection is required, medical clearance and fit testing are also required.

(5) Laboratory SOPs including those for all laboratory experiments must include specific information on the type of PPE required for each

16

hazardous chemical or process. See CHP Section 1b and Appendix N for more information on SOPs.

B. Specific Requirements

The following forms of PPE are required for the circumstances or activities described:

(1) Eye Protection

When an operation or activity has the potential of an eye injury from dust, liquids, impact, glare, or any other foreign object entering the eye.

(2) Face Protection

When an operation or activity has the potential of a face injury from flying objects, chemical splash, or injurious radiation. Eye protection must also be worn under face protection.

(3) Respiratory Protection

When an operation or activity has the potential of harmful concentrations of dust, fumes, gases, vapors, or radionuclides being present in the work environment.

(4) Hearing Protection

When working in an area designated as a hearing protection area and/or when working near equipment with a noise level of 85 dB or greater. Common sounds and the corresponding decibel level:

Sound Intensity(db)

Ticking of a Watch 20Whisper 30Normal Speech 50-60Car Traffic 70Alarm Clock 80Lawn Mower 95Chain Saw 110Jackhammer 120Jet Engine 130

(5) Safety Shoes

When an operation or activity has the potential of a foot injury from falling and/or rolling objects, from piercing the sole, or from electrical hazards.

17

(6) Gloves

When an operation or activity has the potential to cut, burn, blister, or bruise the hands, especially when working with razor blades, scalpels, chemicals, high voltage, metal plates, or pipes.

(7) Protective Clothing

Whenever engaged in an activity or operation where normal working attire will not afford suitable protection from injury.

C. Hand Protection Selection

Eye and Face Protection Selection Chart

Source Assessment of Hazard

Protection

Chemicals -All chemical handling

Splash Irritating Mists

Goggles, eyecup and cover types. For severe exposure use face

shield. Face shields shall only be worn

over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles).

Special purpose goggles. Ventilation shall be adequate, but

well protected from eye splash entry. Eye and face protection shall be designed and used so that it provides both adequate indirect ventilation and protects the wearer from splash entry (per ANSI Z87-1.1989).

Dust, glare, impact, foreign objects, work with UV light

● Irritation● Impact injury● Exposure to

UV light

● Impact goggles that meet ANSI Z87- 1.1989.

Gloves are often relied upon to prevent cuts, abrasions, burns, and skin contact with chemicals that are capable of causing local or systemic effects following dermal

18

exposure. There are no gloves available that provide protection against all potential hand hazards, and commonly available glove materials provide only limited protection against many chemicals. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate glove for a particular application and to determine how long it can be worn, and whether it can be reused. Hypoallergenic gloves must be provided if necessary.

The following chart can be used as a guide in determining the correct chemical protective clothing material for the chemical hazard. For the best protection, check with the manufacturer for degradation and permeation information.

Hand Protection Selection Chart

PVC = polyvinyl Chloride PVA = Polyvinyl Alcohol

Chemical Excellent Good Do Not UseAcetaldehyde None Nat. Rubber, Neoprene Nitrile, PVA, PVCAcetic Acid, Glacial

Neoprene Natural Rubber, Nitrile PVA, PVC

Acetone None Nat. Rubber, Neoprene Nitrile, PVA, PVCBenzene None PVA Nat. Rubber,

Neoprene, NitrileButanol Nat. Rubber,

Neoprene, NitrilePVC PVA

Butyl Cellosolve (2-ethoxyethanol)

Neoprene, Nitrile Nat. Rubber PVA, PVC

Butyl Acetate PVA Nitrile Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

Cellosolve (2-ethoxyethanol)

Neoprene Nitrile Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

Chloroform PVA None Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, Nitrile, PVC

Ethyl Acetate None Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVA

Nitrile, PVC

Ethylene Glycol Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, Nitrile, PVC

None PVA

Formaldehyde (>10%)

Nitrile Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

PVA

Hexane Neoprene, Viton PVA Nat. Rubber, PVCIsoproponal Nat. Rubber, Nitrile,

VitonPVC PVA

Methanol Nat. Rubber, Neoprene PVC PVA

19

Chemical Excellent Good Do Not UseMethylene Chloride

None PVA, Viton Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

None Nat. Rubber, PVA Neoprene, Nitrile, PVC

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

None Nat. Rubber, PVA Neoprene, Nitrile, PVC

Mineral Spirits Nitrile, PVA Neoprene Nat. Rubber, PVCNitric Acid (70%) Neoprene PVC Nat. Rubber, Nitrile,

PVAPerchlorethylene PVA, Viton None Nat. Rubber,

Neoprene, PVCSodium Hydroxide

Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, Nitrile

PVC PVA

Sulfuric Acid (95%)

PVC Neoprene Nat. Rubber, Nitrile, PVA

Toluene Viton PVA Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

1,1,1-Tirchloroethane

PVA None Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

Xylene PVA, Viton None Nat. Rubber, Neoprene, PVC

D. Respirator Selection and Use

Respirators shall not be used at FSC without proper training, as coordinated by the ESO.

4. Signs and Postings

Prominent signs and labels of the following types must be posted or used in every room where chemicals are stored and used:

A. Emergency telephone numbers of emergency personnel/facilities, supervisors, and laboratory workers;

B. Identity labels, as described in CHP Section 2(A)(1), showing contents of all containers (including waste receptacles) and associated hazards;

C. Location signs for safety showers, eyewash stations, other safety first aid equipment, and exits.

D. Warnings at areas or equipment where special or unusual hazards exist.

20

5. Housekeeping, Maintenance, and Inspections

A. Cleaning

Floors shall be cleaned regularly.

B. Inspections

Formal housekeeping and chemical hygiene inspections shall be held at least quarterly for units which have frequent personnel changes and semiannually for others; informal inspections shall be continual. The ESC and Department Chairs shall conduct regular inspections of laboratories using the forms in Appendix O to this CHP.

Each Department and Principal Investigator, in conjunction with the ESO, shall conduct an annual hazard review to identify the hazards presented by its laboratories, classrooms, studios, darkrooms, and storage rooms, the chemicals contained therein and the processes and operations conducted in these areas. Based on the hazard review, the Department or Principal Investigator, as appropriate, shall determine and, upon receipt of the approval of the ESO, initiate the control measures needed to protect the occupants and users of its facilities. Designated Users shall be responsible for ensuring that these control measures are in effect and followed in the areas for which they have responsibility.

The Hazard Assessment/Analysis form in Appendix N of this CHP shall be used to determine the hazard potential of any new laboratory darkroom or studio procedure and the level of precautions required. No matter the hazard level, general laboratory practices shall be followed. In addition, the Department or Principal Investigator shall institute such other specific measures (engineering, administrative, etc.) as are necessary to reduce the hazard risks to an acceptable minimum. Specific control measures relating to engineering controls (such as local exhaust ventilation), administrative controls (such as job rotations), personal protective equipment, the storage of hazardous materials and hazardous waste disposal are treated in separate sections later in this document.

C. Maintenance

Eyewash fountains and other safety equipment shall be inspected at internals of not more than three (3) months by the ESO or his/her designee. Safety showers shall be tested annually. Out-of-service equipment shall not be restarted without authorization of the ESO.

D. Access and Egress

Stairways and hallways shall not be used as storage areas. Access to exits, emergency equipment, and utility controls shall never be blocked.

21

6. Spills and Accidents

Chemical spills, including mixed spills (part C below), are categorized as “incidental” or “reportable”. Employees shall notify personnel trained in hazardous materials handling (all laboratory workers) and reportable spill clean up (lab technicians, CHO and ESO), who are trained to evaluate the spill quantity and location for feasibility of complete remediation. Such personnel must make a determination as to the type of spill (Incidental or Reportable), who may clean it, the appropriate protective apparel and equipment and proper disposal.

The College will maintain records of all spills of hazardous chemicals regardless of the category. An incident report must be filed with the CHO for any spill of hazardous chemicals. The CHO will keep the records of spills (as well as accidents). For Reportable Chemical Spills, the CHO will be responsible for reporting the spill to the appropriate authorities as warranted by state or local regulations.

Students are not allowed to perform spill clean ups.

A. Incidental Chemical Spills

Incidental spills are defined as hazardous chemical releases into a room which are less than 100 milliliters (mL) wet or 100 cubic centimeters (cc) dry.

(1) Incidental Chemical Spill Clean-up

Employees trained in hazardous materials handling and spill clean up shall evaluate the spill quantity and location for feasibility of complete remediation. Students are not allowed to perform spill clean ups. A Designated User must make a determination as to the type of spill (Incidental or Reportable), who may clean it, the appropriate protective apparel and equipment and proper disposal.

a. If any person has been contaminated by the spill, especially eyes and skin, you must:

Notify all other personnel in the affected room to evacuate, exit the room and close the doors to the room.

Assist the contaminated person(s) to a safe eyewash or drench station to wash the contamination away.

Notify the FSC Campus Police. Give the name of the chemical and state that a small spill has occurred. The FSC Campus Police will notify the ECO.

Ask the Campus Police for medical assistance for the person(s) affected by the spill.

Remain at the door of the room to explain to the first responders the quantity and location of the spill.

22

b. If no person has been contaminated by the spill and the spill is localized, do the following:

Notify all other personnel in the affected room to evacuate including yourself. Have someone notify the Designated Laboratory User or Principle Investigator. Keep other people out of the laboratory. Do not re-enter the laboratory alone. Upon re-entry, use PPE such as gloves, eye protection, and body protection (e.g. lab coat).

Determine if the spill can be cleaned up using spill pillows, towels, universal sorbant, etc.

Clean up the spill using the materials found in spill kit (located in a 5-gallon bucket labeled SPILL KIT in each laboratory and Prep room as per Appendix B) and place the spill clean up items into a labeled hazardous waste container or the 5-gallon bucket and place it in the Satellite Accumulation Area.

Remove any contaminated PPE and immediately wash hands. Dispose of the contaminated PPE in the same manner as any contaminated item used in the spill clean up.

Report the incident to the ESO on Form 1 Incident Report in Appendix O, by the person responsible for the room or laboratory.

(2) Spill Remediation

FSC employees shall treat the spill in accordance with the training conducted as per Section 9 of this CHP. The incident shall be reported to the ESO on the Form 1 Incident Report by the person responsible for the room or laboratory and the first responders.

All items used in the spill cleanup shall be placed into a suitable container and labeled with the appropriate hazardous waste information. The container shall be placed into the Satellite Accumulation Area and handled in accordance with the procedures for handling waste as described in CHP Section 10.

B. Reportable Chemical Spills

Reportable spills are defined as hazardous chemical releases into a room which equal or exceed the Reportable Quantity per 310 CMR 40.1600 Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material List for a specific hazardous material. Spills which are greater than 100 milliliters (mL) wet or 100 cubic centimeters (cc) dry should be considered reportable spills.

23

(1) Reportable Chemical Spill Clean-up

Employees shall take the following actions:

Notify all other personnel in the affected room.

Direct all personnel to exit the room and close the doors to the room.

Prevent others from entering the room.

Notify the FSC Campus Police Department that a large spill has occurred. Tell the Campus Police the name of the chemical spilled. The Campus Police will notify the CHO and ESO.

The ESO shall notify the appropriate authority of the spill.

Remain at the door of the room to explain to the emergency response personnel the quantity and location of the spill.

Report the incident to the ESO on Form 1 Incident Report in Appendix O, by the person responsible for the room or laboratory.

(2) Spill Remediation

Trained FSC employees shall treat the spill in accordance with the procedures outlined in Section 9 of this CHP. The incident shall be reported to the ESO on the Form 1 Incident Report by the person responsible for the room or laboratory and the first responders. Students are not allowed to perform spill clean ups.

All items used in the spill cleanup shall be placed into a suitable container (e.g. spill kit pail) and labeled with the appropriate hazardous waste information. The container shall be placed into the Satellite Accumulation Area and handled in accordance with the procedures for handling waste as described in CHP Section 10.

(3) Reporting

The ESO will be responsible for making the appropriate notification of reportable hazardous material spills per 310 CMR 40.1600 Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material List.

C. Mixed Spills

A mixed spill involves biological material and chemical reagents.

(1) Individual Contamination:

If the skin becomes contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious material, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water.

24

If blood or other potentially infectious material is splashed into the eyes, immediately use the eyewash station, and flush for at least 15 minutes.

Remove grossly contaminated clothing immediately. Place the contaminated clothing in a plastic bag. Bag must be labeled with the appropriate hazard identification (i.e. Biohazard).

Report the spill to the Department Chair, and seek medical attention.

(2) Clean-up

a. General

Wear the appropriate PPE to clean up the spill. At a minimum, this includes gloves, protective eyewear and a mask, or face shield. Depending on the size and type of spill, impervious gowns, protective foot coverings, or respirators may be needed.

Pick up any broken glass with tongs, dust pan, or some other mechanical device. Do not use your hands.

Place absorbent towels over the spill, making sure not to spread the liquid.

Carefully pour a dilute bleach solution (1:10) or other EPA registered tuberculocidal agent over the absorbent towels. Let this remain for 20 minutes in order to disinfect the spill. Ensure that the chemical reagents spilled are compatible with bleach or the disinfectant. If the chemicals are not compatible with bleach or the disinfectant, skip the disinfectant step.

Carefully pick up the absorbent towels, and place in a plastic bag. Wash the contaminated area again with bleach, unless incompatible with spilled material, or other disinfectant. Rinse the area with water.

If the chemicals are incompatible with bleach or the disinfectant, after rinsing with water let the area dry completely, then wash the spill site with the dilute bleach solution or disinfectant.

All PPE, towels, and other items that became contaminated must be disposed of as Biohazard Waste as described in CHP Section 10.

Wash hands and any other exposed skin with soap and water before leaving the work area.

b. Spills or Breakage in a Centrifuge

Turn off the centrifuge, and allow it to come to a full stop before opening the cover.

Wear the appropriate PPE to clean the spill.

25

Remove any broken glass with tongs, dustpan, or other mechanical means, and clean the spill as outlined above.

c. Spills in a Chemical Fume Hood

Do not shut off the ventilation. The hood shall be left running to prevent the escape of contaminates. If there is a UV light, leave it on.

Wear the appropriate PPE. If the material is infectious, a respirator may be needed. Contact the ESO/CHO for additional information.

Use a diluted bleach solution (1:10) or an EPA registered tuberculocidal agent to disinfect the cabinet. Wipe the walls, work surfaces, and equipment with the disinfectant. Use sufficient amount of the disinfectant to ensure that he drain pans and catch basins below the work surface get disinfected. Lift the front exhaust grill and try to wipe all surfaces. Let the disinfectant stand for 10 minutes. Wipe the catch basin and drain the disinfectant into a container. Wipe the area with water.

This procedure will not disinfect the filters, blowers air duct, or other interior parts of the hood. Determine if the hood is to be sterilized, and if so, contact the ESO/CHO for additional information.

D. General/Emergencies

For emergencies such as fires, explosions, spills or transportation accidents, the protocol is: rescue anyone immediately affected by the emergencies only if it does not put you at risk, and then follow the instructions below. If trained, provide first aid to the victims:

(1) Notify the proper authorities:

If the emergency involves a fire, use the manual pull box to activate the alarm.

For other emergencies, contact FSC Campus Police and describe the emergency. Request the Police to contact the ESO for hazardous, biological, and chemical emergencies, and the Radiation Protection Officer if radiological materials are involved.

(2) Warn others in the area about the emergency, and stay clear of the area.

(3) Follow the directions of the emergency responders (i.e. Fire Department personnel, ESO or CHO). Do not reenter the area until area is deemed safe by the ESO, CHO or other emergency responders.

(4) Laboratory SOPs must include information on preventing and responding to spills for each hazardous chemical or process. See Appendix N.

26

7. Environmental Monitoring

Regular instrumental monitoring of airborne concentrations is not usually justified or practical in laboratories but may be appropriate when testing or redesigning hoods or other ventilation devices or when a highly toxic substance is stored or used regularly (e.g., 3 times/week). If necessary environmental monitoring will be carried out by a certified industrial hygienist.

8. Medical Program

A. Exposure Monitoring and Evaluation

(1) Exposure Monitoring

a. Monitoring for airborne concentrations of hazardous materials is not normally needed. OSHA regulated chemicals (e.g. formaldehyde, benzene, methylene chloride, and cadmium) are not normally used at FSC. The CHO must be contacted regarding monitoring if regulated chemicals are being considered for use.

b. Exposure monitoring for non-OSHA regulated chemicals will be conducted under the following circumstances:

When large quantities of a hazardous chemical are used for a long period of time as determined by the CHO.

When the Designated User requests monitoring. Requests for monitoring shall be made to the CHO who will make appropriate recommendations.

An accident involving release of air contaminants.

c. Within 15 days of monitoring, Designated Users will be notified of the results in writing either individually or by posting results in an appropriate location.

d. SOPs must state whether or not exposure monitoring is required for each hazardous chemical or process.

(2) Exposure Evaluation

a. An exposure evaluation is performed by a certified industrial hygienist (CIH) called in by the ESO to determine when any individual has suffered an exposure that might have harmed him or her. The purpose of an exposure evaluation is to identify the hazardous chemical, or chemicals, that were involved and the equipment and procedures relevant to the event. The evaluation will be presented to the ESO and Human Resources.

27

b. Events or circumstances which might reasonably be considered as evidence that an overexposure to hazardous chemicals has occurred include:

Uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical.

Any monitoring or air sampling results indicating an exposure above acceptable levels.

Direct skin or eye contact with a hazardous chemical.

Detection of an odor, especially if the person was working with any hazardous chemical which has a lower permissible exposure limit (PEL) or threshold limit value (TLV) than its odor threshold.

The manifestation of health hazard symptoms.

The disappearance or diminishment of some or all symptoms when the person is taken away from the chemical area and into fresh air.

Reappearance of prior symptoms soon after the person resumes working with chemicals again.

Complaints from person(s) in the same work area.

c. The following procedure will be followed for an exposure evaluation:

i Interview the person reporting the event, and any other persons potentially exposed.

ii List essential information about the circumstances of the event, including:

Specific chemical(s) involved. Other chemicals used by workers involved in the

event. Other chemicals used by others in the immediate

area. Other chemicals stored in that area. Symptoms exhibited or described by workers. Symptoms stated in the MSDS or other pertinent

references for chemicals in the area. Description of control measures, such as fume

hoods and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and the way they were used at the time of the event.

28

Results of any air sampling as appropriate in the area.

iii Sample air and work surfaces as appropriate in the area.

iv Determine how the worker’s symptoms compare to the information in the literature.

v Decide whether to send the worker for preliminary medical evaluations.

vi Review the adequacies of present control measures and safety procedures.

B. Medical Consults and Exams

(1) General Requirements

a. Employees of the College and students who work with hazardous chemicals are provided the opportunity to receive a medical consultation and examination whenever:

an employee or student develops signs and symptoms of exposure associated with any chemicals they are using, or may be in contact with, in the laboratory.

substances are measured above PELs.

an event takes place in the work area such as a spill or leak which is likely to result in a hazardous exposure.

b. All medical examinations and consultations must:

be performed under the direct supervision of a licensed occupational physician. Every effort shall be made to refer employees and students to licensed physicians who have been trained to recognize signs and symptoms of chemical related exposure and disease.

be provided by FSC at no cost.

be provided without loss of pay to the employee.

be performed at a reasonable time and place for the employee or student. Every effort shall be made to schedule medical examinations and consultations during the employee’s regularly scheduled work hours, provided there is no undue delay in medical attention.

29

c. The College must provide to the examining physician:

the generic and trade names of all hazardous chemicals and chemical compounds to which the employee or student may have been exposed. The College shall also provide to the physician copies of MSDSs for any suspect chemicals.

conditions under which the exposure occurred. The College must provide all available information including data pertaining to experiments or procedures involved.

A description of the signs or symptoms of exposure experienced by the employee or student during, immediately after, and within 72 hours after the incident. Everyone in proximity to the exposure shall be interviewed by the Certified Industrial Hygienist, CIH to determine if others experienced similar symptoms. In the event that the employee or student is not able to communicate, others in the laboratory may be able to recall symptoms that they observed or to discuss the employee’s or student’s complaints.

(2) Human Resources Requirements

a. Human Resources must obtain a written opinion from the examining physician. The written opinion must include:

recommendations for medical follow-up.

the results of all medical examinations and tests.

any medical condition that the employee or student has that places him or her at risk as a result of future exposures to hazardous chemicals.

a statement confirming that the employee or student has been advised of the results of the examination and tests, including any medical conditions relevant to occupational or chemical exposures.

b. Employee medical records will be kept by the Human Resources Department at FSC for 30 years. Student medical records will be kept on file in the Environmental Health & Safety Office. Medical records are considered privileged information.

30

9. Information and Training Program

A. Information

Each Department must make health and safety information for each chemical (or hazard class or chemicals) used or stored in the lab readily available to all laboratory employees and students during working hours. Employees and students must have access to MSDSs and other reference texts on chemical health hazards, fire hazards, reactivity hazards, and properties (vapor density, vapor pressure, lower and upper explosive limits, etc…) at any time. Employees and students must have access to a copy of this CHP, the OSHA Laboratory Standard and its appendices, as well as to a list of OSHA permissible exposure limits. These documents are available in each Laboratory in the Right-to-Know binder, and/or in the ESO's office.

B. Annual Training

(1) Personnel Affected

All laboratory employees, including faculty, student employees, secretaries, laboratory technicians, and maintenance and custodial employees who may come in contact with the laboratory environment must attend a laboratory employee training session provided by the ESO within 30 days of initial employment and each year thereafter. The training will cover rights and responsibilities under the OSHA Laboratory Standard, the Massachusetts Right-To-Know Law and specific operating procedures for working with chemicals. Additional training will be provided when new hazards are introduced.

(2) Training Program Elements

A department-specific chemical hazard orientation session will be provided annually for each department by the ESO. Specific focus for training sessions will be developed by the ESO in conjunction with departmental representatives.

All laboratory employees must attend these sessions at least once a year. Training must be given in languages that can be understood by all employees. The ESO will coordinate attendance through designated department personnel. These orientation sessions will cover the following topics:

i. Commonwealth of Massachusetts Right-to-Know Law provisions.

ii. Contents of the OSHA Laboratory Standard and its appendices.

iii. Location and availability of the Chemical Hygiene Plan, Material Safety Data Sheets, and additional resources on all aspects of laboratory health and safety relevant to employee exposure.

iv. How to read a Material Data Safety Sheet.

31

v. Physical and health hazards of chemical classes (flammable, carcinogens, corrosives, etc…) used by employees and general operation procedures for handling, storing, and disposing of these materials.

vi. Signs and symptoms of exposure to chemicals and availability of medical consultations and exams.

vii. Use of fume hoods and personal protective equipment.

viii. Special operating procedures to be used for extremely hazardous chemicals.

ix. How to conduct a hazard evaluation of lab operations.

x. How to conduct a laboratory inspection.

xi. Protocol for dealing with faulty hoods and equipment and lack of proper safety equipment.

xii. OSHA permissible exposure limits and other recommended limits (National Institutes for Occupational Safety and Health, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).

xiii. Emergency procedures

xiv. Filing incident report forms.

C. Hands-on Instruction

All Designated Users will conduct training of students or workers under their supervision with assistance from the ESO or other capable individuals to ensure that all individuals in the laboratory receive hand-on experience with:

1. Proper use of fume hoods and other exhaust system and assessment of hood performance.

2. Use of emergency showers and eyewash stations.

3. Location and use of spill-control equipment.

4. Emergency protocol and telephone numbers.

5. Chemicals and standard operating procedures used in the laboratory.

6. When feasible, spill scenarios (derived from selected hazard evaluations of procedures conducted in the laboratory) and potential medical emergencies will be simulated (using inert materials) and discussed.

32

D. Refresher and New Hazard Training

Training for experienced workers will be scheduled whenever new hazards are introduced, and when lab conditions or practices change. Refresher training will be scheduled or integrated into other lab activities as needed. Training will be coordinated by the ESO.

E. Training Materials

The following materials, at a minimum, will be distributed in each initial training program:

1. Right-to-Know fact sheet2. Laboratory standard fact sheet3. List of key emergency telephone numbers4. Sample MSDS and fact sheet on how to read chemical storage scheme chart.5. List of hazard classes and chemical examples6. Hazard review checklist7. Laboratory inspection form/checklist8. Incident report form

F. Training Records

ESO will maintain initial and annual employee training records. Each department must maintain records of all laboratory in-service training sessions, including sample agendas, handouts, sign-in sheets, course data, and the number of hours participants attended. Copies of these records must be provided to the ESO after each training session. The ESO will maintain a complete file of all training records. Records will be maintained for three (3) years. Additionally, copies of training records will also be sent to Human Resources and maintained in each individual employee file.

10. Waste Disposal Program

Wastes generated in the laboratory are divided into four major categories: general (non-hazardous) waste, chemical waste, universal waste and hazardous waste. General waste may be disposed of in the regular trash, chemical waste is a chemical waste material for which no hazard classification has been made, and hazardous waste must be collected, labeled and handled following the RCRA regulations. When a determination is made that a waste material belongs to a specific hazard class then it will be designated as either a “Hazardous Waste” or a “Universal Waste” or General Waste” as appropriate.

A. General Work Practices

To assure that minimal harm to people, other organisms, and the environment will result from the disposal of waste laboratory chemicals, laboratory standard operating procedures must include information on waste disposal for all chemicals or processes. Contact the CHO for more specific guidance. SOPs should be designed to minimize the generation of hazardous waste. The following work practices shall be followed.

33

1. Provide a copy of the laboratory experiment or the chemicals and waste stream analysis for each laboratory experiment to the lab technicians who will determine whether or not the chemical waste is hazardous waste and will provide the proper packaging and hazardous waste labeling.

2. All chemical waste generated in laboratories must be collected for proper characterization and disposal. Disposal by pouring waste chemicals that are determined to be hazardous down the drain or adding them to mixed refuse for landfill burial is prohibited.

3. Hoods should not be used as a means of disposal for volatile chemicals.

4. When packaging any type of waste for collection do not put more than 40 pounds of waste in a single container nor fill it more than 3/4 full. Allow space in containers for expansion of vapors.

5. All materials that pose a potential puncture hazard (e.g. hypodermic needles, broken glass, and plastic-ware) must be packaged in puncture resistant containers prior to removal from the work area.

6. Do not mix general waste with hazardous wastes (e.g. biohazard wastes, asbestos, chemical or radioactive waste). Do not commingle hazardous waste categories (e.g. flammables and poisons). Do not package general waste in hazardous waste containers.

7. Non-water soluble materials, primary radioactive wastes, and hazardous chemical wastes such as corrosives, flammable liquids, carcinogens, mutagens, and other toxic or reactive chemicals shall not be discharged into any sanitary or storm drain systems.

8. Do not “stage” wastes. Wastes must ever be left for any reason in or on loading docks, elevators, lobbies, hallways, or any other unrestricted locations.

9. All hazardous wastes must be identified and labeled before being offered for disposal. Waste of unknown or incorrectly described composition presents difficult handling and disposal problems and may require costly analysis before removal and disposal can be accomplished.

10. Before initiating treatment or recycling of a hazardous waste, generators are requested to contact the CHO to ensure that the proposed treatment process meets safety, regulatory, and record keeping requirements.

B. Procedures for Handling Chemical Waste and Hazardous Waste

A “CHEMICAL WASTE” is generally a waste from a laboratory experiment that has not been identified as a “HAZARDOUS WASTE”. If you are not sure whether or not a waste is a hazardous waste, label it as “CHEMICAL WASTE”.

34

No chemicals or hazardous wastes are to be discarded into sink drains. Discard all waste chemicals into properly labeled chemical waste/hazardous waste

containers. Do not fill waste containers to the top. Clearly identify the contents of the waste or mixture. (Chemical formulas and

structural diagrams are not legally acceptable and must not be used.) Containers must be closed at all times except when waste is being added or

removed. Cap waste containers tightly, especially if any volatile organic chemicals are

present. All hazardous wastes must be segregated according to chemical compatibility.

Incompatible wastes should never be mixed or placed next to each other, see Appendix E, Chemical Compatibility Chart and Storage Systems.

Containers must be in good condition and compatible with the chemical contents. Notify the CHO that the waste is ready to be collected. Laboratory chemical waste

containers must be removed after each experiment to avoid potential contamination with wastes from other experiments.

C. Procedures for Handling Universal Waste

Hazardous wastes that qualify under the federal Universal Waste Rule are managed according to the Massachusetts Standards for Universal Waste Management 310 CMR 30.1000. Universal wastes include certain batteries such as nickel cadmium (NiCd) and silver batteries; thermostats containing mercury; mercury containing devices such as

manometers, switches, water meters, thermometers, and gauges; mercury containing lamps including spent fluorescent lamps and high intensity discharge lamps; and pesticides including mercury based pesticides, arsenic based pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, and banned or suspended pesticides. If you are not sure whether an item is a

universal waste, you should consult the CHO. Universal wastes are stored in a separate area marked as a "Universal Waste Accumulation Area". See Appendix P for the FSC Universal Waste Management Plan.

D. Labeling Waste Containers

To avoid confusion and to reduce risk to yourself and others in your workplace, all waste containers, regardless of size, must be labeled with the name of the substance (chemical formulas and structural diagrams are not legally acceptable).

Label waste containers clearly and completely according to the appropriate waste: “CHEMICAL WASTE”, “HAZARDOUS WASTE”, or “UNIVERSAL WASTE”.

Clearly identify the hazardous constituents contained therein (e.g., methanol, toluene, acetone) and the hazards posed (e.g., corrosive, ignitable, toxic, and/or reactive);

The label should state “HANDLE WITH CARE.”

35

The label should also include all of the following that may apply: course, experiment, professor, and room number. Printed labels are available from the CHO.

If you find an unlabeled container and are unsure of its contents, notify the CHO.

E. Removal of Hazardous Waste Containers

The date must be entered on the label of the waste container at the satellite point (satellite accumulation area) when the container becomes full. Satellite accumulation areas (SAA) for hazardous waste are located in each laboratory. See Appendix P for SAA locations list.

Designated users must notify the laboratory technicians that the waste is ready to be collected. Waste containers must be removed from the laboratory after each experiment to avoid potential contamination with wastes from other experiments.

The waste container must be removed from the satellite point to the hazardous waste accumulation area within three (3) days of the time the container is dated (i.e. when the container is full or the lab procedure is complete). Removal of dated hazardous waste containers is managed by the CHO.

A copy of the laboratory experiment or the chemicals that went into the waste for each laboratory experiment must be provided to the ESO/CHO. The ESO/CHO will determine whether or not the chemical waste is a hazardous waste and will provide the proper packaging and additional hazardous waste labeling.

11. Records

A. Accident records should be prepared on Form 1 Incident Report in Appendix O, by the person responsible for the room or laboratory and submitted to the ESO.

B. Inventory and usage records for high-risk substances are maintained by the ESO.

C. Results of exposure evaluations performed by a certified CIH, as well as other employee medical records are maintained by Human Resources in

accordance with the requirements of state and federal regulations. Student medical records are kept on file in the Environmental Health & Safety Office.

36

APPENDIX A: CHEMICAL HYGIENE RESPONSIBILITIES1. College President and The Board of Trustees

The College President and The Board of Trustees have responsibility for compliance with any and every applicable federal or state statute to provide for the safety of its employees, students, and the FSC community, and with any such rules and regulations as may be promulgated thereunder. The College may promulgate and enforce rules and regulations to implement this CHP from time to time. In accordance with Article III C of the collective bargaining agreement between the Board of Higher Education and the MTA/NEA/MSCA [Define terms], prior to the promulgation of any such rules or regulations by the College, the College President shall first consult with the MSCA Chapter President regarding such rules and regulations and their enforcement.

2. Vice President of Academic Affairs

The Vice President of Academic Affairs (VPAA) shall:

1. Ensure that the Academic Curriculum complies with all applicable laws and regulations.

2. Enforce disciplinary procedures to ensure compliance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations, and with FSC policy.

3. Vice President of Finance, Administration and Advancement

The Vice President of Finance, Administration and Advancement has the direct responsibility for chemical hygiene within the College, and provides continuing support for efforts to improve the campus health and safety.

4. Environmental Safety Officer/Chemical Hygiene Officer

The Environmental Safety Officer/Chemical Hygiene Officer (ESO/CHO) shall exercise the authority to identify and minimize dangers to persons working in laboratories, photographic darkrooms and studios, to the community, and to the environment. The ESO/CHO has the authority to suspend operations that do not conform to health and safety practices required by the Chemical Hygiene Plan. The ESO/CHO shall:

1. Review and approve the operation, acquisition, and maintenance of fume hoods, emergency safety (drench) showers, eyewashes, and fire extinguishers in all laboratories where chemicals are used and handled.

2. Provide technical expertise to the college community with regard to chemical and laboratory safety and health issues, and also direct inquiries to appropriate resources.

37

3. Work with departments to develop and implement the standard operating procedures for the handling and storage of hazardous materials and hazardous waste as required in the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

4. Work with departments to appropriately label, store and dispose of hazardous materials and hazardous waste as required in the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

5. Work with departments, employees and students engaged in the use of hazardous materials to provide training in the use of Hazardous Materials as required in the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

6. Conduct regular inspections of laboratories and chemical storage areas and provide inspection forms to Designated Laboratory Users and Principal Investigators.

7. Write up and distribute inspection results to the President, to relevant Department Chairs and to relevant Designated Laboratory Users and Principal Investigators, along with recommendations and follow-up actions.

8. Coordinate and conduct department health and safety training sessions. These shall include hazardous material, hazardous waste and laboratory safety topics.

9. Maintain documentation of health and safety training for all College employees and students. The ESO/CHO will maintain the master file of MSDSs for all hazardous substances used or stored on campus.

10. Review and approve department procedures for the use, disposal, spill prevention, cleanup, and decontamination of extremely hazardous chemicals and substances.

11. Investigate all reports of laboratory hazard incidents and chemical spills to prevent reoccurrence, and report results of investigations to the President.

12. Ensure that hazardous waste generated on campus is handled and disposed of in accordance with the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements.

13. Maintain a master chemical inventory for all chemicals used at the College.

14. Review and evaluate the effectiveness of the CHP at least annually and update it as necessary.

5. FSC Safety Committee

The FSC Safety Committee will be established as a Special Committee according to Article VII.D.2.d, page 85, of the 2004-2007 collective bargaining agreement between the Board of Higher Education and the MTA/NEA/MSCA.

38

1. The Committee shall:

a. Review at least annually, the Chemical Hygiene Plan, and recommend any necessary updates to the President.

b. Participate with the Chemical Hygiene Officer in inspections including inspections of records that are required to be kept) of laboratories, photographic darkrooms and studios prior to the beginning of each semester, and perform follow-up visits to laboratories, photographic darkrooms and studios not meeting initial compliance.

c. Report to the President all unresolved chemical safety issues.

2. The Committee shall consist of thirteen members:

a. Two technicians appointed by their union representatives.

b. Two FSC employees, APA or AFSCME members, appointed by their union representatives.

c. Four faculty members, including two department chairs, appointed by the MSCA Fitchburg Chapter.

d. The Director of the Facilities Division.

e. One member of the Senior Staff appointed by the President.

f. The CHO.

g. One member of the Campus Police.

h. One student representative appointed by the SGA.

3. The Chair of the FSC Safety committee will be appointed by the President.

6. Chairpersons of Departments That Operate Laboratories

The Department Chair is responsible for chemical safety in his/her department, and should understand the Chemical Hygiene Plan. The Department Chair (or designee (hereinafter, the “Department”)) shall:

1. Notify the CHO when a laboratory, photographic darkroom or studio will be opened for operation or taken out of operation, or when procedures or Designated Users are changed.

2. Submit a Clearance Form for Departing Personnel (in Appendix O) when personnel who work in laboratories, photographic darkrooms, or studios end their employment at the College.

39

3. Work with the CHO to develop and implement the SOP for the handling and storage of hazardous materials and hazardous waste.

4. Ensure that all laboratory, photographic darkroom or studio users in his/her department attend the hazardous materials training as required in the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

5. Maintain training records of employees in his/her department, and forward documentation to the CHO.

6. Ensure that all students enrolled in science laboratory courses and/or in courses using photo labs or studios receive appropriate training in chemical and lab safety. The Chair will establish a record-keeping system that will consist of a Student Laboratory Safety Agreement signed in triplicate by students in acknowledgement that they have received training and agree to abide by all applicable policies and procedures. Students shall keep one copy of the signed Student Laboratory Safety Agreement. The Department Chair will retain one copy of the Student Laboratory Safety Agreement and will forward one copy of the Student Laboratory Safety Agreement to the CHO.

7. Work with the ESO to make recommendations to the VPAA for the purchase of safety equipment required by the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

8. Supervise department employees to ensure that they use the required safety equipment in his/her department.

9. Be responsible for the oversight of a current chemical inventory at the point of use.

10. Be responsible for the routine identification of expired and unusable chemicals and their proper disposal.

11. Be responsible for the maintenance of MSDS files at the chemical’s point of use. Point of use is the laboratory, darkroom or studio in which the chemical is put to use.

12. Ensure that the routine inspections of all laboratories, photographic darkrooms or studios in his/her department occur, and maintain records of routine inspections.

13. Work with faculty and the CHO to identify Principal Investigators and Designated Users with responsibility for specific laboratory, photographic darkroom and studio spaces.

7. Principal Investigator (Faculty Member Conducting Scholarly Research)

The Principal Investigator will be assigned designated research space in which to conduct research and will be responsible for chemical safety in his/her designated research space.

40

“Designated research space” includes laboratories, photographic darkrooms, and studios. The Principal Investigator shall:

1. Notify the ESO/CHO when the Principal Investigator’s designated research space will be opened for operation or taken out of operation, or when procedures or Designated Users are changed.

2. Submit a Clearance Form for Departing Personnel (in Appendix O) when personnel who work in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space end their employment at the college.

3. Work with the ESO/CHO to develop and implement the standard operating procedures for the handling and storage of hazardous materials and hazardous waste in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space.

4. Ensure that all personnel, including students, working in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space attend the hazardous materials training as required in this Chemical Hygiene Plan.

5. Maintain training records of employees (including students) working in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space, and forward documentation of training to the Environmental Safety Office and Department Chair.

6. Work with the ESO/CHO to make recommendations to the Department Chair for the purchase of safety equipment required by the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

7. Supervise employees to ensure they use the required safety equipment in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space.

8. Be responsible for the maintenance of a current chemical inventory at the point of use.

9. Be responsible for the routine identification of expired and unusable chemicals and their proper disposal.

10. Be responsible for accessing of MSDS files at the chemical’s point of use.

11. Ensure that the routine inspections in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space occur, and submit completed inspection forms to the ESO/CHO, and a copy of the completed inspection forms to the Department Chair

12. Comply with the procedures and requirements of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

13. Report any possibly unsafe or noncompliant conditions in the Principal Investigator’s designated research space to the CHO.

14. Work with the Department Chair and the CHO to develop and implement the standard operating procedures for the handling and storage of hazardous materials and hazardous waste.

41

15. Include compliance with the CHP in grant proposals.

8. Designated Laboratory Users

Faculty members who are designated laboratory, photographic darkroom and studio users (hereinafter “Designated Users”) have the primary responsibility for chemical hygiene in laboratories, photographic darkrooms and studios used for teaching. A Designated User is responsible for a space for a specified period of time (time of day, by semester, for Academic Year, etc.) during which his/her classes are in session or he/she is otherwise providing instruction within the designated space. The Designated User for a space as identified on the lab/photo darkroom/studio ID card will also be a contact for the designated space. Designated Laboratory, Photographic Darkroom and Studio Users shall:

1. Follow the procedures and requirements of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

2. Ensure that all FSC employees and students under their direction or instruction have completed the required training prior to performing duties or attending laboratory classes and forward two copies of signed Student Laboratory Safety Agreements or equivalent as approved by the CHO to the Department Chair.

3. Complete routine laboratory, photographic darkroom and studio inspections as outlined in the CHP and forward documentation of completed inspections to the CHO, and a copy of the documentation to the Department Chair.

4. Report any possibly unsafe or noncompliant laboratory, photographic darkroom, or studio conditions to the CHO.

5. Complete and maintain accurate chemical inventories at the point of use in Designated Users’ courses as specified in the CHP and forward copies of the chemical inventories to the CHO and Department Chair.

6. Work with their Department Chair and the CHO to develop and implement the standard operating procedures for the handling and storage of hazardous materials and hazardous waste.

9. Laboratory Employees (Technicians and Postdocs)

All laboratory, photographic darkroom, and studio employees and student workers shall:

1. Follow procedures and guidelines of the CHP and any applicable department or FSC standard operating procedure or policy.

2. Use direct observation, checklists and incident reports, to identify and report any unsafe working conditions, faulty fume hoods or defective emergency or safety equipment to the Designated User or Principal Investigator and the ESO/CHO.

3. Prepare and provide to the Designated Users, Principal Investigators, the Department Chairs, and the Chemical Hygiene Officer/Environmental Safety

42

Office “cradle-to-grave” documentation for chemicals used in their departments, and the hazardous waste the chemicals produced, by keeping an accurate and current chemical storage area and Satellite Accumulation Area inventory. This cradle-to-grave documentation will be submitted as requested/needed.

4. Discharge such other duties as are assigned from time to time by the ESO/CHO.

10. Students, Student Workers, Visitors and Outside Contractors

Students, Visitors and Outside Contractors shall:

1. Follow procedures and guidelines of the CHP and any applicable department or FSC standard operating procedure or policy.

2. Attend, understand, and sign off on the Student Laboratory Safety Agreement (Students) or Hazard Communications/Safety Training (Student Workers, Visitors and Outside Contractors) before beginning work or study at FSC.

3. Report any unsafe or noncompliant conditions in laboratories, photographic darkrooms, or studios to the Designated Users or FSC employee directing his/her work or study.

43

APPENDIX B: THE LABORATORY FACILITY1. Design

The laboratory facility should have:

An appropriate general ventilation system with air intakes and exhausts located so as to avoid intake of contaminated air;

Adequate, well-ventilated stockrooms/prep rooms;

Laboratory hoods and sinks;

Safety equipment including eyewash fountains and drench showers;

Designated Satellite Accumulation Area for wastes generated in the laboratory or prep room;

Spill kit (5-gallon bucket containing absorbent/encapsulation materials, goggles, and gloves)

Arrangements for waste disposal.

2. Maintenance

Chemical-hygiene-related equipment (hoods, safety showers, etc.) should undergo continuing appraisal and be modified if inadequate. This service is arranged by the Capital Planning and Maintenance department and the Environmental Health & Safety Office.

3. Usage

The work conducted and its scale must be appropriate to the physical facilities available and, especially, to the quality of ventilation.

4. Ventilation

A. General laboratory ventilation.

1. General laboratory ventilation shall comply with the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Handbook of Fundamental Guidelines, prudent laboratory practices, state building codes, and other mechanical codes.

44

2. General laboratory ventilation shall operate continuously to provide a source of air input to local ventilation devices. In general, a change of room air four times per hour is adequate.

3. Doors to laboratories shall be kept closed as containment of hazardous materials is partially dependant on proper balance of air flow. Disruption of positive pressure in the corridor by a laboratory door open for an extended period of time may result in transmission of airborne materials from the laboratory to the corridor. Laboratory fume hoods will also function more efficiently when the door is kept closed.

4. General laboratory ventilation shall not be relied on for protection from toxic substances. The ventilation system shall direct air flow into the laboratory from non-laboratory areas and out to the exterior of the building.

B. Local Exhaust Ventilation

1. Local exhaust ventilation systems shall be used after every effort has been made control the contaminant by isolation, a change in the process, or by substitution of a less harmful material.

2. At a minimum, all work involving hazardous materials must be conducted in a laboratory fume hood.

3. The following activities must have approved local ventilation ( equipment tested by a certified engineer, that meets the ANSI/AIHA

standards):

a. Vacuum pump exhaustsb. Gas chromatography exit portsc. Liquid chromatographyd. Distillation columnse. Photographic film development

C. Fume Hoods

1. Fume Hood Classification System for Authorized Use

a. Category A

i. Chemicals or process reactions byproducts which are considered to be carcinogens, reproductive toxins, allergens, or highly toxic and the breathing zone air concentration (if no hood is present) exceeds the substance’s PEL, TLV or other safe limit.

45

ii. The ventilation flow rate must be at least 100 feet per minute (fpm), but no greater than 125 fpm with sash wide open.

b. Category B

i. Chemicals or process reaction byproducts which are considered to be carcinogens, reproductive toxins, allergens, highly toxic and breathing zone air concentrations (if no hood is present) does not exceed the substances PEL, TLV, or other safe limit.

ii. Chemicals or process reaction byproducts which are not considered to be carcinogens, reproductive toxins, or highly toxic, but the PEL, TLV, or other safe limit, is less than 100 ppm.

iii. The ventilation flow rate must be at least 80 fpm, but no greater than 125 fpm with the sash wide open.

c. Category C

i. Not suitable for use with carcinogens, reproductive toxins, allergens, or highly toxic materials, (e.g., ethanol, butanol, and acetone). It is also suitable for operations that create nuisance dust and fumes.

ii. The ventilation flow rate is at least 60 fpm but not greater than 125 fpm with sash wide open.

2. Work Practices

a. The Department shall establish work practices that minimize emissions and user exposure.

b. The following list concerns only those work practices related directly to hood performance and applies only when the hood is used in low, medium or high hazard operations, as each is defined above:

i. The worker shall not lean into the hood so that his/her head is inside the plane of the hood face without adequate respiratory and personal protection, except for setup work or hood maintenance.

ii. Equipment in the hood shall not block airflow to slots in the baffle.

46

iii. Equipment that might be a source of emission (including in case of breakage) shall not be placed closer than 6 inches from the plane of the hood face.

iv. Nothing shall be stored in the hood.

v. The hood sash or panels shall be closed to the maximum position possible while still allowing comfortable working conditions.

vi. The hood sash or panels shall not be removed except for setup and then only when there are no hazardous chemicals on the hood.

vii. A hood that is more than 10% below standard in exhaust volume shall not be used unless its condition is labeled and the maximum sash opening marked clearly. All deficiencies or suspected deficiencies with fume hood performance shall be reported to the ESO/CHO and the Facilities Division by the user.

c. Each hood shall be posted with a notice giving the date of the last periodic field test. If the hood failed the performance test, it shall be taken out of service until repaired, or posted with a restricted use notice. The notice shall state the partially closed sash position necessary and any other requisite precautions concerning the type of work and materials permitted or prohibited.

d. Each laboratory hood shall be evaluated for catastrophe potential in terms of the maximum credible accident, involving the properties and quantities of the chemicals used and the nature of the operations. Examples of such a catastrophe would be:

(1) Explosion(2) Violent ejection of life threatening chemicals into the room(3) Overheating of the exhaust duct

e. If the potential for a catastrophe is present, special designs to prevent the event or limit the consequences must be implemented before the laboratory can be used. Examples of such provisions would be:

1) Special hood design

2) Fire or explosion suppressing systems

3) Redundant installed spare exhaust blowers

47

4) Emergency power supply

4. Fume Hood Failure Procedures

a. Users suspecting that their fume hood is not drawing enough air shall:

(1) Immediately stop all work in the hood.(2) Report the problem to one of the following:

i. The Departmentii. Facilities Divisioniii. ESO/CHO

(3) Notify others in the area and on additional shifts that the fume hood is not operating and cannot be used. This may be done by posting the hood with a sign. This must be strictly adhered to.

(4) Seal off any open/exposed containers of chemical or radioactive materials currently under the hood, or remove any supplies or equipment which may be required as access to the hood may be denied due to repair.

(5) Work with other users and departments to either arrange for the use of other fume hoods which are operating properly or postpone work until the repairs are made.

(6) The fume hood must not be returned to use until retested and approved for use by the ESO/CHO.

(7) The ESO/CHO maintains documentation on fume hood failures, repairs and retesting.

48

APPENDIX C: GlossaryAIHA: American Industrial Hygiene AssociationANSI: American National Standards InstituteASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning EngineersBSC: Biological Safety Cabinet CHO: Chemical Hygiene OfficerCHP: Chemical Hygiene PlanESO: Environmental Safety OfficerMSCA: Massachusetts State College AssociationMSDS: Material Safety Data SheetsMTA: Massachusetts Teachers Association NEA: National Education AssociationNIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthNFPA: National Fire Protection AssociationNTP: National Toxicology ProgramPEL: Permissible Exposure LimitPPE: Personal Protective EquipmentRTECS: Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical SubstancesSOP: Standard Operating ProceduresTLV: Threshold Limit Value

Acute – An adverse effect on the human body with symptoms of high severity coming quickly to a crisis.

Allergen - An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction. Allergens are substances that, in some people, the immune system recognizes as "foreign" or "dangerous" but cause no response for most people. Severe allergens may cause anaphylaxis, a severe and sometimes life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure to an offending substance.

Carcinogen – A substance that has been shown to cause malignant (cancerous) tumors.

Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO): This person is qualified by training or experience to provide technical guidance in chemical and laboratory safety. The Chemical Hygiene Officer will develop and implement a plan to manage chemicals and oversee the safe use of chemicals in laboratories at the college.

Chemical Waste - A chemical or chemical mixture that is in need of waste characterization.

Chronic – An adverse effect on the human body with symptoms which develop slowly over a long period of time or which frequently recur.

Compressed Gas – Liquefied, pressurized gas typically stored in metal cylinders.

Corrosive – A chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

49

Designated user (designated laboratory user) - Any faculty member, who has primary responsibility for laboratories, photographic darkroom or studio used for teaching

Environmental Safety Officer (ESO): The administrative position

Explosives - An explosive is a compound or mixture susceptible (by heat, shock, friction or other impulse) to a rapid chemical reaction, decomposition or combustion with the rapid generation of heat and gases with a combined volume much larger than the original substance.

Flammable – A chemical or agent with a flashpoint below 100oF.

Flash point – The lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapor to ignite.

General Waste- A non-hazardous waste generated in the laboratory, that may be disposed of in the regular trash.

Hazard – “Hazard” is the general term for anything which has the ability to cause injury or for the potential to cause injury. The hazard associated with a potentially toxic substance is a function of its toxicity and the potential for exposure to the substance. The probability of exposure to the substance is a risk factor.

Hazard Class – The nine groupings used to categorize hazardous materials. These Hazard Classes can be used in the establishment of SOP’s. They classes include 1) explosives, 2) compressed gas, 3) flammable liquids, 4) flammable solids, 5) oxidizers/organic peroxides, 6) toxic/infectious substances, 7) radioactive materials, 8) corrosives, and 9) miscellaneous dangerous goods.

Hazardous Chemical -  A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. Some examples include chemicals that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, highly reactive or explosive.

Hazardous Waste - A waste with properties that make it dangerous, or capable of having a harmful effect on human health and the environment. Under the RCRA program, hazardous wastes are specifically defined as wastes that meet a particular listing description or that exhibit a characteristic of hazardous wastes.

Heavy Metals - The term “heavy metal” refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic, highly toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb).

Incidental Chemical Spill - A release of a hazardous chemical into a room, which are less than 100 ml wet or 100 cc dry. Although incidental spills are nonreportable (as defined for Reportable Spills), the CHO must be notified and an incident report created.

50

Laboratory employee - Any employee assigned to work in a laboratory, photographic darkroom, or studio including technicians and postdoctoral fellows.

Lachrymator - A lachrymator is an irritant that causes tearing (watering of the eyes).

Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) - a form of engineering control that encloses the material, equipment or process as much as possible and ensures that air flow is into the enclosure at necessary rates. A good example is a fume hood.

Median Lethal Dose (LD50) - Statistically derived single dose of a chemical that can be expected to cause death in 50% of a given population of organisms under a defined set of experimental conditions. This figure has often been used to classify and compare toxicity among chemicals but its value for this purpose is doubtful. A commonly used classification of this kind is as follows:

Category..........................................LD50 Orally to Rat (mg/kg body weight) Very toxic.........................................Less than 25 Toxic...............................................More than 25 to 200 Harmful............................................More than 200 to 2 000.

Mixed Spill- An accidental spill involving biological material and chemicals.Flow chart for clean up of a Mixed Spill:

Chemical-biohazardous spill? Will chemical reagent spilled inactivate the biohazard? Is chemical a listed hazardous or toxic waste? Has a chemical hazard analysis and/or a chemical safety risk

assessment been performed for PEL, TLV, exposure routes, PPE?

Will chemical neutralizers or absorbents used inactivate the biohazard?

Confirm that no chemical incompatibilities exist. Proceed with clean up.

Mutagen – A substance that causes changes in the genetic material in cells. Some mutagens may also be carcinogens.

Neurotoxin - A neurotoxin is a toxic agent or substance that inhibits, damages or destroys the tissues of the nervous system, especially neurons, the conducting cells of your body's central nervous system.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - The PEL is a time-weighted average (TWA) or absolute value (usually prescribed by regulation) setting out the maximum permitted exposure to a hazardous chemical.

51

Peroxide or Peroxide Forming Compound - A peroxide is a chemical substance that contains a peroxo unit. Peroxides and hydroperoxides are highly reactive materials and may be extremely shock-sensitive explosives. Certain organic or inorganic compounds may undergo auto-oxidation to form peroxides.

Personal protection equipment (PPE) - Protective items such as lab equipment, gloves, eye protection, aprons, shields, clothing.

Point of Use- In reference to hazardous waste generation and satellite accumulation areas for hazardous waste, a SAA must be located at the point of use: in the laboratory where the chemicals are used and hazardous waste is generated by the use of the chemical.

Principle Investigator (PI) - Any faculty member who is assigned a designated research space in which to conduct scholarly research

Pyrophorics - Pyrophoric materials are those that are capable of spontaneous combustion in the presence of air. Spontaneous ignition or combustion takes place when these substances reach ignition temperature without application of external heat.

Reportable Chemical Spill - A release of a hazardous chemical into a room which is greater than 100 ml wet or 100 cc dry. All Reportable Spills must be reported to the CHO and an incident report will be created. The CHO will be responsible for reporting to the appropriate authorities any and all spills required as per 310 CMR 40.1600 Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material List.

Sensitizer - A sensitizer is defined by OSHA as "a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical."

Standard operating procedure (SOP) - A set of written steps explaining how to conduct a procedure, experiment, or the manner in which to safely work with chemicals. SOP’s can be based on 1) a process/protocol, 2) the individual hazard class, or 3) the hazardous chemical class.

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) - This is a guideline value defined by the American Conference of Governmental Hygienists to establish the airborne concentration of a potentially toxic substance to which it is believed that healthy working adults may be exposed safely through a 40-hour working week and a full working life. This concentration is measured as a time weighted average concentration. They are developed only as guidelines to assist in the control of health hazards and are not developed for use as legal standards.

Toxin – A toxin is a substance that is produced by living organisms that is poisonous or causes disease. Toxins can be categorized based on lethality (median lethal dose) when tested in rats. Toxin categories are defined by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 App A.

52

Universal Waste - Universal Waste means any of the following hazardous wastes managed under the universal waste requirements of the Massachusetts laws 310CMR 30.1000: batteries, pesticides, thermostats, mercury-containing devices and mercury-containing lamps.

Unstable - An unstable compound is one that will spontaneously decompose or transform into other compounds over a relatively short period of time.Waste Characterization - The determination of the physical, chemical, radiological and specific hazard properties to establish its suitability for further handling, storage or disposal. These listed wastes shall be managed and handled in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment.

53

APPENDIX D: CHEMICAL HAZARDSI. Chemical Hazard Class

Definitions of Chemical Class:

A. Flammable Liquids

(Refer to Appendix G for solvent flammability characteristics)A liquid having a flash point below 100°F or 38° C with a vapor pressure less than 40 psi at 100°F is designated a Class I liquid with subclasses as follows:

1. Class IA – A liquid having a flash point below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point below 100°F (38.7°C).

2. Class IB – A liquid having a flash point below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (38.7°C).

3. Class IC – A liquid having a flash point at or above 73°F (22.8°C) and a boiling point below 100°F (38.7°C).

B. Combustible Liquids

A liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F (38.7°C) and below 140°F (60°C). This class is subdivided as follows:

1. Class II - is a liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F (38.7°C) and below 140°F (60°C).

2. Class IIA - is a liquid having a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93.4°C).

3. Class IIIB - is a liquid having a flash point at or above 200°F (93.4°C).

C. Reactive Chemicals

Any chemical which fits any one of the following:

1. Identified or described in the MSDS or on the label as unstable or reactive.

2. Ranked by the NFPA as 3 or 4 for reactivity.

3. Determined by the U. S. DOT (49 CFR 173) as either an oxidizer, an organic peroxide, or an explosive.

4. Determined by the U. S. EPA (40 CFR 261.23) as reactive:

a. It is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent change without detonating.

54

b. It reacts violently with water.

c. It forms potentially explosive mixtures with water.

d. When mixed with water, it generates toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment.

e. It is a cyanide or sulfide material which, when exposed to pH conditions between 2.0 and 12.5 generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment.

f. It is capable of detonation or explosive decomposition if it is subjected to a strong initiating source or if heated under confinement.

g. It is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure.

5. Meets the OSHA Laboratory Standard definition of Unstable:A chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure, or temperature.

6. In the experience of the User, is known or found to be reactive with ordinary substances.

D. Corrosive Chemicals

(Refer to Appendix H for a list corrosive chemicals)

Any chemical which fits any one of the following:

1. Is identified or described in the MSDS or on the label as corrosive.

2. Is identified by the DOT (49 CFR 173) as corrosive.

3. Meets the EPA (40 CFR 261.22) definition of corrosive:

a. An aqueous solution and has a pH less than or equal to 2.0 or greater than or equal to 12.5.

b. A liquid and corrodes steel at a rate greater that 6/35 mm per year at a test temperature of 55°C (130°F).

4. Meets the OSHA definition of corrosive: A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alteration in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

55

5. In the experience of the User is known or found to be corrosive.

E. Contact Hazards

Any chemical which fits any of the following:

1. Is identified or described as an allergen or sensitizer in the MSDS or on the label.

2. Is identified or described in the medical or industrial hygiene literature as an allergen or sensitizer.

3. In the experience of the laboratory User is found to cause contact hazards.

F. Carcinogens

Any chemical which fits any one of the following:

1. Is identified or described as a carcinogen in the MSDS or on the label.

2. Is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.

3. Is listed under the category Known to be Carcinogens or Reasonably Anticipated to be carcinogenic in the Annual Report of Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP).

4. Is listed under the Group 1 Carcinogenic to Humans, Group 2A or 2B by the International Agency for research on Cancer Monographs.

G. Reproductive Toxins

Any chemical which fits any one of the following:

1. Is identified or described as a reproductive toxin, mutagen, or teratogen in the MSDS or on the label.

2. Is known or suspected to affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetus (teratogenesis).

3. Is identified or described in medical or industrial hygiene literature as a reproductive toxin.

H. Highly Toxic Chemicals

Any chemical which fits any one of the following:

1. Is identified or described as highly toxic in the MSDS or on the label.

2. Meets the OSHA definition of highly toxic:

56

a. The median lethal dose (LD50) is equal to or less than 50mg/kg of the body weight when administered orally to rats.

b. The median lethal dose (LD50) is equal to or less than 200mg/kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of rabbits.

c. The median lethal concentration (LD50) in air is equal to or less than 200 parts per million (ppm) by volume or less of gas or vapor, or equal to or less than 2 mg per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to rats.

3. The TLV or PEL is equal to or less than 5 ppm or 5 milligrams per m3.

4. The median tolerance limit is equal to or less than 10 ppm by weight of material in water, or the median aquatic lethal concentration is equal to or less than 10mg/L of material, when administered for 96 hours to a median sensitivity warm water or cold water species of fish.

5. Is identified or described in the medical or industrial hygiene literature as being acutely toxic.

II. Unknown Toxicity

Any chemical for which there is no known statistically significant study conducted in accordance with accepted scientific principles that establishes its toxicity.

III. Process Hazards

Process hazards include, but are not limited to, any of the following:

A. Exothermic reactionsB. Cryogenic materials or endothermic reactionsC. High vacuum or pressureD. Electrical hazardsE. Compressed gases

Each Department and Principal Investigator shall maintain a record of the Process Hazards present in its laboratories, classrooms and storage rooms on a computer data base approved and provided by the ESO and provide a copy of this data base to the ESO whenever the data base is updated or modified.

Each Department and Principal Investigator shall label all Process Hazards with appropriate warning labels. (See Appendix N- Project/Procedure Hazard Assessment/Analysis for more information pertaining to process hazards.)

57

APPENDIX E: CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY CHART AND CHEMICAL STORAGE SYSTEMS

Chemical Compound Is Incompatible WithAcetic Acid Chromic Acid, Nitric Acid, Hydroxyl Compounds, Ethylene

Glycol, Perchloric Acid, Peroxides, PermangantesAcetylene Chlorine, Bromine, Copper, Fluorine, Silver, MercuryAcetone Concentrated Nitric And Sulfuric Acid MixturesAlkali and Alkaline Earth  (e.g. Powdered Aluminum or Magnesium, Calcium, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium)

Water, Carbon Tetrachloride or other Chlorinated Metals Hydrocarbons, Carbon Dioxide, Halogens

Ammonia (Anhydrous) Mercury (e.g. in Manometers), Chlorine, Calcium Hypochlorite, Iodine, Bromine, Hydrogen Fluoride (Anhydrous)

Ammonium Nitrate Acids, Powdered Metals, Flammable Liquids, Chlorates, Nitrates, Sulfur, Finely Divided Organic or Combustible Materials

Aniline Nitric Acid, Hydrogen PeroxideArsenical Materials Any Reducing AgentAzides AcidsBromine See ChlorineCalcium Oxide WaterCarbon (Activated) Calcium Hypochlorite, All Oxidizing AgentsCarbon Tetrachloride SodiumChlorates Ammonium Salts, Acids, Powdered Metals, Sulfur, Finely

Divided Organic or Combustible MaterialsChlorine Ammonia, Acetylene, Butadiene, Butane, Methane, Propane (or

Other Petroleum Gases), Hydrogen, Sodium Carbide, Benzene, Finely Divided Metals, Turpentine

Chlorine Dioxide Ammonia, Methane, Phosphine, Hydrogen SulfideCopper Acetylene, Hydrogen PeroxideCumene Hydroperoxide Acids (Organic or Inorganic)Cyanides AcidsFlammable Liquids Ammonium Nitrate, Chromatic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, Nitric

Acid, Sodium Peroxide, HalogensFluorine Isolate From EverythingHydrocarbons (e.g. Butane, Benzene)

Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Chromic Acid, Sodium Peroxide

58

Hydrocyanic Acid Nitric Acid, AlkaliHydrogen Fluoride (Anhy-drous)

Ammonia (Aqueous or Anhydrous)

Hydrogen Peroxide Copper, Chromium, Iron, Most Metals or Their Salts, Alcohols, Acetone, Organic Materials, Aniline, Nitromethane, Combustible Materials

Hydrogen Sulfide Fuming Nitric Acid, Oxidizing GasesHypochlorites Acids, Activated CarbonIodine Acetylene, Ammonia (Aqueous or Anhydrous), HydrogenMercury Acetylene, Fulminic Acid, AmmoniaNitrates Sulfuric AcidNitroparaffins Inorganic Bases, AminesOxalic Acid Silver, MercuryOxygen Oils, Grease, Hydrogen, Flammable Liquids, SolidsPerchloric Acid Acetic Anhydride, Bismuth and its Alloys, Alcohol, Paper,

Wood, Grease, OilsPeroxides, Organic Acids (Organic or Mineral), Avoid Friction, Store ColdPhosphorus (White) Air, Oxygen, Alkalis, Reducing AgentsPhosphorus Pentoxide WaterPotassium Carbon Tetrachloride, Carbon Dioxide, WaterPotassium Chlorate Sulfuric and Other AcidsPotassium Perchlorate (See Also Chlorates)

Sulfuric and Other Acids

Potassium Permanganate Glycerol, Ethylene Glycol, Benzaldehyde, Sulfuric AcidSelenides Reducing AgentsSodium Carbon Tetrachloride, Carbon Dioxide, WaterSodium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate and Other Ammonium SaltsSodium Peroxide Ethyl or Methyl Alcohol, Glacial Acetic Acid, Acetic

Anahydride, Benzaldehyde, Carbon Disulfide, Glycerin, Ethylene Glycol, Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Acetate, Furfural

Sulfides AcidsSulfuric Acid Potassium Chlorate, Potassium perchlorate, Potassium

Permanganate (Similar Compounds of Light Metals, Such as Sodium, Lithium)

Tellurides Reducing Agents

Source: Prudent Practices for Handling Chemicals in Laboratories,

59

Color-Code Based Chemical Storage System – This system may be used in areas and departments where it is appropriate. Exceptions will be determined as part of the check-in SOP prior to the chemical being delivered to point-of-storage.

RED (R) Flammable. Store in area segregated for flammable reagents.

BLUE (B) Health hazard. Toxic if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Store in secure area.

YELLOW (Y) Reactive and oxidizing reagents. May react violently with air, water, or other substances. Store away from

flammable and combustible materials.

WHITE (W) Corrosive. May harm skin, eyes, mucous membranes. Store away from RED, YELLOW and BLUE-coded

reagents.

GRAY (G)/ or General chemical storage.ORANGE (O)

EXCEPTION: Reagent incompatible with other reagents of the same color bar. Store separately.

60

Chemical Storage System Based on Chemical Compatibilities - This system is a more comprehensive system that will be used in areas and departments where it is deemed necessary. A determination of Group number will be made as part of the chemical check-in SOP prior to the chemical being delivered to point-of-storage.

This chart is adapted from the CRC Laboratory Handbook which groups various chemicals in to 23 groups with examples and incompatible chemical groups. This chart is by no means complete but it will aid in making decisions about storage. For more complete information please refer to the MSDS for the specific chemical.

Group Name Example Incompatible GroupsGroup 1 Inorganic Acids Hydrochloric acid

Hydrofluoric acidHydrogen chlorideHydrogen fluorideNitric acidSulfuric acidPhosphoric acid

2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13,14,16,17,18,19,21,22,23

Group 2 Organic acids Acetic acidButyric acidFormic acidPropionic acid

1,3,4,7,14,16,17,18,19,22

Group 3 Caustics Sodium hydroxideAmmonium hydroxide solution

1,2,6,7,8,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,23

Group 4 Amines and Alkanolamines

AminoethylethanolamineAnilineDiethanolamineDiethylamineDimethylamineEthylenediamine2-Methyl-5-ethylpyridineMonoethanolaminePyridineTriethanolamineTriethylamineTriethylenetetramine

1,2,5,7,8,13,14,15,16,17,18,23

Group 5  

Halogenated Compounds

Allyl chlorideCarbon tetrachlorideChlorobenzeneChloroform

1,3,4,11,14,17 1,3,4,11,14,17

61

 

 

Methylene chlorideMonochlorodifluoromethane1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethyleneTrichlorofluoromethane

   

Group 6 Alcohols

Glycols

Glycol Ether

1,4-ButanediolButanol (iso, n, sec, tert)Diethylene glycolEthyl alcoholEthyl butanolEthylene glycolFurfuryl alcoholIsoamyl alcoholMethyl alcoholMethylamyl alcoholPropylene glycol

1,7,14,16,20,23

Group 7 Aldehydes Acetaldehyde

AcroleinButyraldehydeCrotonaldehydeFormaldehydeFurfuralParaformaldehydePropionaldehyde

1,2,3,4,6,8,15,16,17,19,20,23

Group 8 Ketones AcetoneAcetophenoneDiisobutyl ketoneMethyl ethyl ketone

1,3,4,7,19,20

Group 9 Saturated HydrocarbonsButaneCyclohexaneEthaneHeptaneParaffinsParaffin waxPentanePetroleum ether  

20

Group 10 Group 10

Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic Hydrocarbons

BenzeneCumene

1,20 1,20

62

Ethyl benzeneNaphtha  NaphthaleneTolueneXylene

Group 11 Olefins Butylene1-Decene1-DodeceneEthyleneTurpentine  

1,5,20

Group 12 Petroleum Oils GasolineMineral Oil

20

Group 13 Esters Amyl acetateButyl acetatesCastor oilDimethyl sulfateEthyl acetate

1,3,4,19,20

Group 14 Monomers Polymerizable Esters

Acrylic acidAcrylonitrileButadieneAcrylates

1,2,3,4,5,6,15,16,19,20,21,23

Group 15 Phenols Carbolic acidCresoteCresols Phenol

3,4,7,14,16,19,20

Group 16 Alkylene Oxides Ethylene oxidePropylene oxide

1,2,3,4,6,7,14,15,17,18,19,23

Group 17 Cyanohydrins Acetone cyanohydrinEthylene cyanohydrin

1,2,3,4,5,7,16,19,23

Group 18 Nitriles AcetonitrileAdiponitrile

1,2,3,4,16,23

Group 19 Ammonia Ammonium HydroxideAmmonium Gas

1,2,7,8,13,14,15,16,17,20,23

Group 20 Halogens ChlorineFluorine

3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,19,21,22

Group 21 Ethers Diethyl EtherTHF

1,14,20

Group 22 Phosphorus Phosphorus, Elemental 1,2,3,20Group 23 Acid Anhydrides Acetic anhydride

Propionic anhydride1,3,4,6,7,14,16,17,18,19

63

                National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995.

64

APPENDIX F: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSContainer Type Class 

IAClass 

IBClass

ICClass II Class III

Glass 1 PT. 1 QT. 1 GAL. 1 GAL. 5 GAL.Metal (Other than Dot Drums) or Approved Plastic

2 GAL. 5 GAL. 5 GAL. 5 GAL. 5 GAL.

Safety Cans 2 GAL. 5 GAL. 5 GAL. 5 GAL. 5 GAL.Metal Drums  (DOT Spec.)

60 GAL. 60 GAL. 60 GAL. 60 GAL. 60 GAL.

Approved Portable  Tanks

660 GAL. 660 GAL. 660 GAL. 660 GAL. 660 GAL.

Note: 1PT. = 413.18cm3,  1QT. =946.35cm3 , 1 GAL. =0.00379M3

65

APPENDIX G: SOLVENT FLAMMABILITY CHARACTERISTICSFlash Points, Boiling Points, Ignition Temperatures, and Flammable Limits of Some Flammable Laboratory Chemicals Commonly Found in Student Labs

Chemical Class Flash Point

Boiling Point

Ignition Temperature

Flammable  Limit(% By Volume Air)

(0C) (0C) (0C) Lower UpperAcetaldehyde 1A -37.8 21.1 175.0 4.0 60.0Acetone 1B -17.8 56.7 465.0 2.6 12.8Benzene 1B -11.1 80.0 560.0 1.3 7.1Carbon Disulfide 1B -30.0 46.1 80.0 1.3 50.0Cyclohexane 1B -20.0 81.7 245.0 1.3 8.0Diethyl Ether 1A -45.0 35.0 160.0 1.9 36.0Ethyl Alcohol 1B 12.8 78.3 365.0 3.3 19.0N-Heptane 1B -3.9 98.3 215.0 1.05 6.7N-Hexane 1B -21.7 68.9 225.0 1.1 7.5Isopropyl Alcohol 1B 11.7 82.8 398.9 2.0 12.0Methyl Alcohol 1B 11.1 64.9 385.0 6.7 36.0Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1B -6.1 80.0 515.6 1.8 10.0Pentane 1A -40.0 36.1 260.0 1.5 7.8Styrene 1B 32.2 146.1 490.0 1.1 6.1Toluene 1B 4.4 110.6 480.0 1.2 7.1P-Xylene 1C 27.2 138.3 530.0 1.1 7.0

66

APPENDIX H: CORROSIVE CHEMICALS

Partial List of Corrosive Chemicals Commonly Found in Student Labs

ACIDS

Nitric PerchloricSulfuric PeriodicPhosphoric HydrofluoricHydrochloric ChloraceticAcetic CresylicChromic

BASES

Sodium Hydroxide

Potassium Carbonate

Potassium Hydroxide

Calcium Hydroxide

Ammonium Hydroxide

Trisodium Phosphate

Calcium Oxide Barium Hydroxide

Sodium Carbonate

Barium Carbonate

OTHERS

Bromine Glutaraldehyde

67

APPENDIX I: WATER REACTIVE CHEMICALSPartial List of Water Reactive Chemicals Commonly Found in Student Labs

Alkali Metals, Such as Na, Li, K

Alkali Metal Hydrides, Such as LiH, CaH2 , LiAlH4 , NaBH2

Alkali Metal Amides, Such as NaNH2

Metal Alkyls, Such as Lithium and Aluminum Alkyls

Grignard Reagents, RmgX

Halides of Nonmetals, Such as BCl3 , BF3 , PCl5 ,SiCl4 , S2Cl2

Inorganic Acid Halides, Such as POCl3 , SOCl2 , SO2Cl2

Anhydrous Metal Halides, Such as  AlCl3 , TiCl4 , ZrCl4, SnCl4

Phosphorous Pentoxide

Calcium Carbide

Organic Acid Halides and Anhydrides of Low Molecular Weight

Metal Carbonyls, Such As Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, Co2(CO)8

Alkali Metals, Such As Na, K

Metal Powders, Such As Al, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pd, Pt, Ti, Sn, Zn, Zr

Grignard Reagents, RMgX

Metal Alkyls and Aryls, Such As RLi, RNa, R3Al, R2Zn

Metal Hydrides, Such As NaH, LiAlH4

Nonmetal Hydrides, Such As B2H6, and Other Boranes, PH3 , AsH3

Nonmetal Alkyls, Such As R3 B, R3 P, R3 As

Phosphorus (White)

68

APPENDIX J: PEROXIDE FORMING COMPOUNDS

PEROXIDE FORMING COMPOUNDS ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES

List AThe following chemicals develop Severe Peroxide Hazard On Storage With Exposure To Air:

Discard Within 3 Months

Diisopropyl Ether (Isopropyl Ether) Potassium AmideDivinylacetylene (DVA) Sodium Amide (Sodamide)Potassium Metal Vinylidene Chloride (1,1-DiChloroethylene)

LIST B: Peroxide Hazard On Concentration

Do Not Distill Or Evaporate Without First Testing For The Presence Of Peroxides.Discard Or Test For Peroxides After 6 Months

Acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal (Acetal) Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl (Glyme)Butadiene Ethylene Glycol Ether AcetatesCumene (Isopropyl Benzene) Ethylene Glycol Monoethers (Cellosolves)Cyclohexene FuranCyclopentene MethylacetyleneDecalin (Decahydronaphthalene) MethylcyclopentaneDiethyl Ether (Ether) Tetrahydrofuran (THF)Dioxane Vinyl Ethers

LIST C:

Hazard Of Rapid Polymerization Initiated By Internally Formed Peroxides

Normal Liquids Discard Or Test For Peroxides After 6 Months

Chloroprene (2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene) Vinyl AcetateStyrene Vinylpryidine

Normal Gases Discard After 12 Months

Butadiene Vinylacetylene (MVA)

69

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) Vinyl Chloride

I. Managing and Assessing the Hazards of Peroxide Forming Chemicals

The FSC Environmental Safety Office, with help from the University of Washington Department of Environmental Health and Safety, has developed the following guidelines for identifying the presence of dangerous, explosive peroxides in some laboratory substances. Faculty, staff, and students may evaluate the concentration of peroxides in substances by following the following guidelines. AT NO TIME are students to apply the guidelines set forth in this document when the peroxide forming substance has past the manufactures expiration date.

II. Background

Peroxides formed in organic compounds by auto-oxidation can cause serious accidents. In somecircumstances, peroxides become low power explosives. They are also hazardous by being sensitive to shock, sparks, or other forms of accidental ignition. The appropriate actions taken to prevent injuries from peroxide forming compounds depend on understanding the factors causing peroxide formation, detection, and adequate labeling and inventory procedures. The Environmental Safety Office (ESO) can provide FSC faculty and staff with more information on detecting and reducing peroxides upon request. When appropriate, the ESO will arrange to have a contractor measure the peroxide concentration and reduce the formed peroxides if necessary.

To prevent peroxide formation in laboratory substances:

A. Peroxidizable compounds must be exposed to oxygen in order to form appreciable amounts of peroxide. As a result, tightly sealed, unopened containers of material, which have either been stabilized or stored under inert gas, will not form dangerous concentrations of peroxides.

B. Exposure to light accelerates peroxide formation. Airtight amber glass containers arerecommended for the storage of peroxidizable compounds. The amber glass container protects the substance from excess light exposure and allows the user visual access to the substance without opening the container.

Peroxidized compounds can pose an explosion hazard under two situations:

1. When complex peroxides form a solid or precipitate in a peroxidizable liquid or,

2. When a peroxidizable liquid is concentrated (by distillation, evaporation, etc.), leaving high concentrations of dissolved peroxides.

III. Common Peroxide-Forming Chemicals

A number of compounds, especially ethers, sodium and potassium amide, and potassium metal can form peroxides and superoxides that pose an explosion hazard. Below is a list of substances that upon exposure to air and light should be tested for the presence of peroxides before being used. THE RECOMMENDED RETENTION TIME BEGINS WITH THE DATE OF SYNTHESIS OR OPENING. Peroxides will form at varying rates depending on the substance,

70

the length of exposure to air and light, and the container type. For example, the storage time required for peroxides to increase from 0.5 ppm to 5 ppm was 6 months in an aluminum container, and over 17 months in a glass container. Peroxides may form in freshly distilled and unstabilized ethers within two weeks, and it has been reported that that peroxide formation can begin in tetrahydrofuran after three days and in ethyl ether after eight days. Peroxide forming substances that are to be distilled should be tested for peroxides prior to distillation.

The following list does not reflect all possible chemicals that pose a risk. Check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the substance before use to determine if the substance is at risk of forming explosive peroxides, or polymerizes rapidly. If a substance forms explosive peroxides or polymerizes rapidly, there will be warning under the heading Precautionary Labeling or Fire and Explosion Hazard Data on the MSDS. If a substance does not appear on the list, and the Material Safety Data Sheet does not disclose any hazards, evaluate the molecular structure and determine if the substance is a potential peroxide former.

High Peroxide Hazard Substances/List ADISCARD WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF OPENING

Diisopropyl ether (isopropyl ether)Divinylacetylene (DVA)Potassium MetalPotassium AmideSodium Amide (sodamide)Vinylidine Chloride (1,1-dichloroethylene)

Medium Peroxide Hazard Substances/List BDISCARD WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF OPENING*

Acetaldehyde diethyl acetalCumene (isopropylbenzene)Cyclopentene Decalin (decahydronaphthalene)Diacetylene (butadiene)DicyclopenradieneDiethyl ether (ether)p-DioxaneFuranMethyl isobutyl ketoneMethyl acetyleneMethylcyclopenataneTetrahydrofuranTetralin ((tetrahydronaphthalene)Vinyl ethers*or test for peroxides before use.

Medium Polymerization Hazard/List CDISCARD WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF OPENING**

71

Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-buta-diene)StyreneVinyl acetateVinylpyridine** Rapid polymerization is initiated by internally formed peroxides.Substances not discarded after 6 months should be tested before use.

Low Peroxide Hazard SubstancesDISCARD AFTER ONE YEAR OF OPENING

Compounds containing aldehyde or amide groups are easily peroxidizable but are not known to accumulate peroxide at dangerous levels.

IV. Common Chemical Families Known to be Peroxide Formers

ORGANICSA. Ethers, acetals.B. Olefins with allylic hydrogens, chloro- and fluoroolefins, terpenes, tetrahydronaphthalene.C. Dienes, vinyl acetylenes.D. Aldehydes.E. Ureas, amides, lactams.F. Vinyl monomers including vinyl halides, acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl esters.

INORGANICSA. Alkali metals, particularly potassium.B. Alkali metal alkoxides and amides.C. Organometallics.

It is important for laboratory personnel to recognize the readily peroxidizable families for safety reasons. The more volatile the compound, the greater the potential hazard, since evaporationconcentrates the formed peroxides.

V. Evaluating and Testing

The single most preferable approach to handling dangerous peroxidizable and polymerizable compounds is to eliminate the use of these type of laboratory substances. When elimination is not practical, process modification and material substitution should be evaluated to reduce the quantity of these substances used. Chemical users should establish rigorous procurement guidelines for control over purchasing. Try to purchase materials in containers sized to the amount needed. Purchase substances that have been stabilized. Encourage the sharing of chemicals or exchange chemicals between common users. Lastly, keep a running inventory of these substances in stock. After the substance is purchased, remember to record on each container the date purchased and the date of opening. Monitor the container volume for loss due to evaporation, and test for the presence of peroxides before each use. The absence or exhaustion of a stabilizer may not always be obvious. Peroxidizable solvents should always be regarded as containing peroxides. Always record the test data for the next user, and store the substance under an inert atmosphere when possible. Complete the evaluation questions for each peroxide forming chemical or rapid polymerizer that is to be discarded. If at some time during this

72

evaluation an item becomes unsuitable to handle, contact the ESO. Provide documentation of the evaluation and a history on the substance. Those substances failing the evaluation process will be disposed of by an outside hazardous materials specialist at the laboratory’s expense.

Step 1. Identify the material

Chemical name? __________________________________________

Manufacturer and lotnumber: __________________________________________

Expiration date on thecontainer: ___________________________________________

Type and condition ofcontainer: ___________________________________________

Date of purchase on thecontainer: ___________________________________________

Date of last usage: ___________________________________________

Approximate containervolume: ___________________________________________

Step 2. Screen for visible crystalline materialLook to see if crystals have formed inside the container, either on the inner walls or bottom. If the container is metal, please go to Step 3.

WARNING: If a viscous liquid, or crystalline solids are observed, no further tests are recommended. These materials could be shock, friction, and impact sensitive and may cause a violent explosion. Contact the ESO immediately to schedule a contractor to stabilize the material.

Step 3. Determine the substance’s likelihood of forming dangerous peroxides

Step 4. Test for peroxidesPeroxidizable chemicals that are acceptable for testing should be tested by the ESO or his/her designee using either method A or method B, as appropriate. If the peroxide concentration exceeds 10 ppm, the substance must be reduced and stabilized prior to collection by the ESO. Professional handling will be required if the laboratory is not able to test and reduce the peroxide concentration to less than 10 ppm. Reactive Materials Specialists are contracted through the ESO. If the peroxide concentration is less than 10 ppm, proceed to step 5.Method A (Test Strip)

Where containers can be safely opened, a manufactured test strip can be used to detect peroxides.

73

Peroxide test strips detect inorganic and organic compounds that contain a peroxide or hyperperoxide group. Test strips are well suited for the routine control of simple ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and p-dioxane. Use EM Quantitative Peroxide Test, a colorimetric dipstick test developed by Merck. Carefully read the instructions provided by the manufacturer before performing the test.

Method B (Iodide Test)

Where the containers can be safely opened, check for peroxides by following the Physical Chemical Method for detecting peroxide concentrations cited by M.A. Armour. (See reference 6)To begin, wear chemical resistant gloves, a laboratory coat, and eye protection. This procedure must be performed in a certified fume hood. Dissolve 100 mg of potassium iodide in 1 mm of glacial acetic acid. Add the mixture to 1 mm of the substance being tested for peroxide concentration. A pale yellow color indicates a low concentration (0.001 – 0.005%). This may also be interpreted as a barely discernable yellow. A bright yellow or brown indicates a higher concentration (0.01% or greater) of peroxides in the sample. For testing resulting in concentrations 0.001% or above, discontinue any handling, secure the substance being evaluated and proceed to step 6. Substances 5 that have 0.01% or greater peroxide concentration can be very dangerous to handle. If the concentration of peroxides is less than 0.001%, proceed to step 5.

Step 5. Stabilization of peroxides

Stabiliztion of peroxides will be carried out by the ESO or his/her designee. To stabilize peroxide forming compounds add a minimum of 1 gram of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) per liter of substance. BHT is an antioxidant used to retard the oxidation process in peroxidizable compounds. This procedure will not reduce the peroxides already formed in the substance. Label the substance with the peroxide concentration and indicate that the substance was stabilized. Store the substance for additional use, or dispose of as hazardous waste, whichever is appropriate.

Step 6. Disposal through ESO

When in the evaluation process a point is reached when a chemical should not be tested further, complete the Information Requirements for Potentially Explosive Items form located at the end of this Appendix and deliver to the ESO. The substance(s) will be referred to a hazardous material specialist for deactivation. Deactivation entails identifying the concentration of peroxide, reducing any formed peroxides, and then stabilizing the substance. Deactivation costs will be recharged to the laboratory. While awaiting the hazardous materials specialist, protect the substance from excessive handling. If you have any questions regarding any part of this protocol, please contact the Environmental Safety Management at 978-665-3756.

REFERENCES1. Jackson, H. L. “Safety in the Chemistry laboratory,” Journal of Chemical Education, 41 (1964),A575.

2. Prudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from laboratories, National Academy Press,Washington, D.C., 1981, Pg 57 ff.

74

3. Jackson, H.L. et al. “Safety in the Chemistry laboratory,” Journal of Chemical Education, 47,(1970), A175.

4. Burfield, David R. “Deperoxidation of Ethers,” Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 47, No. 20,(1982), 3821 ff.

5. Prudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from Laboratories, National Academy Press,Washington, D.C., 1983, Pg 242 ff.

6. Armour, M.A., Browne, L.M., Weir, G.L., Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide.CRC Press, Alberta, 1991, Pg 285 ff.

Information Requirements for Potentially Explosive Items Form

Principle Investigator/User Name:__________________________Phone:________________

Department Chairperson’s Name:__________________________Phone:________________

Location:_____________________________________________________________________

Chemical Name:_______________________________________________________________

Manufacturer and Lot#:_________________________________________________________

Expiration Date on Container:___________________________________________________

Type/Condition of Container:____________________________________________________

Date of Purchase of Container:___________________________________________________

Date of Last Usage:_____________________________________________________________

Approximate Container Volume:_________________________________________________

Please return completed form to the Environmental Safety Office.

Direct questions regarding this form to the Environmental Safety Office: 978-665-3756

75

APPENDIX K: COMMON GASES AND GAS CYLINDER SAFETY

Exposure Limits, Flammability Limits, Major Hazards

Gas Threshold Limit Values,

ppm1

Flammability Limits in Air

% By Vol2

Major Hazards

Acetylene (Dissolved) Not Established*

2.5- 81.0 Flammable; Asphyxiant

Ammonia (Liquid) 25 15-28 ToxicArgon Not Established

(Nontoxic)None Asphyxiant

Boron Trifluoride 1 None Toxic; Causes Burns1,3-Butadiene (Liquid) 10 2-11.5 Flammable; Skin Irritant;

Suspect CarcinogenButane (Liquid) Not

Established*1.9-8.5 Flammable

Carbon Dioxide (Liquid) 5000 None Flammable; ToxicCarbon Monoxide 50 12.5-74.0 Toxic; SevereChlorine (Liquid) 0.5 None Irritant; Causes  Burns;

CorrosiveEthane (Liquid) Not

Established*3.0-12.5 Flammable; Asphyxiant

Ethylene Not Established*

3.1-32.0 Flammable; Asphyxiant

Ethylene Oxide (Liquid Pure)

1 ppm 3.0-100.0 Flammable; Toxic Can Cause Burns When Trapped By Clothes Or Shoes; SuspectCarcinogen

Helium Not Established None AsphyxiantHydrogen Not Established 4.0-75.0 Flammable; AsphyxiantHydrogen Bromide (Liquid)

3 None Toxic; Causes Burns; Corrosive

Hydrogen Chloride (Liquid)

5 None Toxic; Causes Burns; Corrosive

Hydrogen Fluoride (Liquid)

3 None Toxic; Causes Severe Slow Healing Burns; Corrosive

Hydrogen Sulfide (Liquid)

10 4.3-45.0 Toxic; Flammable; Irritant

76

Methane Not Established 5.3-14.0 Flammable; AsphyxiantMethyl Bromide (Liquid) 5 13.5-14.5 Toxic; Causes BurnsMethyl Chloride (Liquid) 50 10.7-17.4 Toxic; FlammableMethyl Mercaptan (Liquid)

0.5 Unknown Toxic; Flammable

Nitrogen (Nontoxic) Not Established None AsphyxiantNitrogen Dioxide (Liquid) 3 None Toxic; CorrosiveOxygen Nontoxic None Highly ReactivePhosgene (Liquid) 0.1 None ToxicPropane (Liquid) Not

Established*2.2-9.5 Flammable; Asphyxiant

Sulfur Dioxide (Liquid) 2 None Toxic; Causes BurnsVinyl Chloride 5 4.0-22.0 Flammable; Causes Burns,

Human Carcinogen

* Not Established (Non-Toxic-Produces Anesthetic Effects) 1 Threshold Limit Values (1990-1991) ACHIH, Cincinnati, Ohio 2 Zabetakis, M.G.   Flammability and Characteristics of Combustible Gases And Vapors Bulletin 627,  U.S. Bureau of Mines,  U.S. Gov’t Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Gas Cylinder Safety

77

Background Information

This document contains basic guidelines and rules to help ensure the safe handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders. Compressed gases are used in a variety of programs such as instructional and research laboratories, health sciences, fine arts. Compressed gases under high pressure also present a number of hazards. Mishandled cylinders may rupture violently, release their hazardous contents or become dangerous projectiles. If the neck of a pressurized cylinder should be accidentally broken off, the energy released would be sufficient to propel the cylinder to over three-quarters of a mile in height. A standard 250 cubic foot cylinder pressurized to 2,500 PSIG can become a rocket attaining a speed of over 30 miles per hour in a fraction of a second after venting from the broken cylinder connection.

Basic Safety

Select the least hazardous gases that will work. Purchase only the necessary quantities.

Select gases with returnable containers. When receiving gas cylinders: Check for leaks. Visually inspect the cylinder for damage. Ensure the valve cover and shipping cap is on. Check for proper labeling.

If a cylinder is damaged, in poor condition, leaking, or the contents are unknown, contact your cylinder vendor. Have the vendor return the damaged cylinder to the manufacturer.

Wear appropriate foot protection when engaged in moving or transporting cylinders. Sturdy shoes are a minimum.

Steel toed shoes if required by your supervisor, instructor, or department. Proper personal protective clothing and equipment shall be worn.

Always have an appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) available and be familiar with the health, flammability and reactivity hazards for the particular gas.

Cylinder Markings:

Cylinders must be properly labeled, including the gas identity and appropriate hazards (e.g., health, flammability, reactivity). Cylinders have several stamped markings. The top mark is either a DOT or an ICC marking indicating pertinent regulations for that cylinder. The second mark is the serial number. Under the serial number is the symbol of the manufacturer, user, or purchaser. Of the remaining marks the numbers represent the date of manufacture, and retest date (month and year). A (+) sign indicates the cylinder may be 10% overcharged, and a star indicates a ten year test interval.

Cylinder Storage

78

Gas cylinders will not be stored at the College for extended periods of time. When a tank becomes empty arrangements will be made by the laboratory technicians to have it removed. A single replacement tank may be kept at the site of use to ensure an adequate gas supply. If long term storage becomes necessary for a specific purpose, the Designated User shall notify the ESO and arrangements shall be made through the Environmental Safety Office to provide a storage location for that purpose.

Cylinders should be stored in compatible groups:Flammables from oxidizers

Corrosives from flammables Full cylinders from empties

Empty cylinders should be clearly marked and stored as carefully as those that are full because residual gas may be present.

o All cylinders from corrosive vapors. o Store cylinders in an upright position. o Keep oxygen cylinders a minimum of twenty feet from flammable gas

cylinders or combustible materials. If this cannot be done, separation by a non-combustible barrier at least five feet high having a fire-rating of at least one-half hour is required.

o Compressed gas cylinders should be secured firmly at all times. A clamp and belt or chain, securing the cylinder between "waist" and "shoulder" to a wall, are generally suitable for this purpose.

o Cylinders should be individually secured; using a single restraint strap around a number of cylinders is often not effective.

o Keep valve protective caps in place when the cylinder is not in use.

o Mark empty cylinders EMPTY or MT. o Keep valves closed on empty cylinders. o Cylinders must be kept away from sources of heat. o Cylinders must be kept away from electrical wiring where the cylinder

could become part of the circuit. o Store cylinders in well-ventilated areas designated and marked only for

cylinders.

Moving Cylinderso Use a cylinder cart and secure cylinders with a chain. o Don't use the protective valve caps for moving or lifting cylinders. o Don't drop a cylinder, or permit them to strike each other violently or be

handled roughly.

79

o Unless cylinders are secured on a special cart, regulators shall be removed, valves closed and protective valve caps in place before cylinders are moved.

Cylinder Use

o Be sure all connections are tight. Use soapy water to locate leaks. o Keep cylinders valves, regulators, couplings, hoses and apparatus clean

and free of oil and grease. o Keep cylinders away from open flames and sources of heat. o Safety devices and valves shall not be tampered with, nor repairs

attempted. o Use flashback arrestors and reverse-flow check valves to prevent

flashback when using oxy-fuel systems. o Regulators shall be removed when moving cylinders, when work is

completed, and when cylinders are empty. o Cylinders shall be used and stored in an upright position. o The cylinder valve should always be opened slowly. Always stand away

from the face and back of the gauge when opening the cylinder valve. o When a special wrench is required to open a cylinder or manifold valve,

the wrench shall be left in place on the valve stem when in use. This precaution is taken so the gas supply can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. Nothing shall be placed on top of a cylinder that may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve.

o Fire extinguishing equipment should be readily available when combustible materials can be exposed to welding or cutting operations using compressed cylinder gases.

Things Not To Do

o Never roll a cylinder to move it. o Never carry a cylinder by the valve. o Never leave an open cylinder unattended. o Never leave a cylinder unsecured. o Never force improper attachments on to the wrong cylinder. o Never grease or oil the regulator, valve, or fittings of an oxygen cylinder. o Never refill a cylinder. o Never use a flame to locate gas leaks. o Never attempt to mix gases in a cylinder. o Never discard pressurized cylinders in the normal trash.

Poison Gases

Poison gases represent a significant hazard. Special precautions not otherwise necessary become prudent when using poison gases:

80

Common poison or highly toxic gases include:o arsine (AsH3)o ethylene oxide (EtO)o hydrogen cyanide (HCN)o nitric oxide (NO)o phosphine (PH3)

Certain poison gases (e.g., Ethylene Oxide) can only be used if specific OSHA regulations (CFR 1910.1047) and safe practices are followed.

Emergency procedures should be made clear to all involved, including personnel from adjacent labs and building managers. Poison gas use after normal working hours require the approval of the Department Chairperson. Fume hoods and other ventilation need to be tested before use and checked frequently during the project involving poison gas. Notify the Department Chairperson before your first use of the poison gas. As with all chemicals, obtain and review the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the poison gas.

Disposal of poison gas cylinders can often cause problems. If the cylinder cannot be returned to the manufacturer large disposal costs will be incurred, ($1,000 per cylinder, or more). Even cylinders that can be returned must be shipped on a vehicle which cannot simultaneously carry any other hazardous materials or foodstuffs. Therefore, the use of poison gases is discouraged.

81

APPENDIX L: PARTIAL LIST OF CARCINOGENS

Partial List of Select Carcinogens* from NIOSH Manual

2-Acetylaminofluorene DietheystilbestrolAcrylonitrile 4-DimethylaminoazobenzeneAflatoxics Erionite4-Aminobiphenyl Ethylene OxideAnalgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin EthylenimineArsenic and Certain Arsenic Compounds FormaldehydeAsbestos MelphalanAzathioprine Methoxsalen with Ultraviolet A TherapyBenzene 4,4’-Methylene-Bis(2-Chloroaniline)Benzidene Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Sulfide (Mustard Gas)Betel Quid Containing Tobacco (Chewing) N,N’-Bis (2-Chloroethyl)-2-Naphthylamine  

(Chloronaphazine)Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether and Technical Grade Chloromethyl Methyl Ether

?-Naphthylamine

1,4-Butanediol Dimethylsulfonate (Myleran) ?-Naphthylamine1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-  (4-ethylnitrobiphenyl Cyclohexyl 4)-1-Nitrosourea (ME CCNU)ChlorambucilChloromethyl Methyl Ether N-NitrosodimethylamineChromium and Certain Chromic ?-PropiolactoneCompounds Shale OilsCoal Tars Soots and Soot ExtractsConjugated Estrogens Thorium DioxideCyclophosphamide Tobacco Smoke1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane Tresulphan3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its Salts) Vinyl Chloride

* Regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen or A Known to be a Carcinogen: as per Annual Report on Carcinogens by NPT or Group1, A Carcinogenic To Humans: by I.A.R.C.

82

APPENDIX M: REGULATED CARCINOGENS

Substances Reasonably Anticipated to Cause Cancer in Humans (from NIOSH Manual)

Acetadehyde 2-AcetalaminofloureneAcrylamide AcrylonitrileAdriamycin 2-AminoanthraquinoneO-Aminoazotoluene 1-Amino-2-MethylanthraquinoneAmitrole O-Anisidine HydrochlorideBenzotrichloride Beryllium and Certain Beryllium

CompoundsBischloroethyl Nitroso-Urea Bromodichloromethane1,3-Butadiene Butylated HydroxyanisoleCadmium and Certain Cadmium Compounds Carbon TetrachlorideChlorendic Acid Chlorinated Paraffins (C12, 60% Chlorine)Chloroform 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-Cyclohexyl-1-

Nitrosourea (CCNU)3-Chloro-2-Methylpropene 4-Chloro-O-PhenylenediamineC.I. Basic Red 9 Monohydrochloride CisplatinP-Cresidine CupferronDacarbazine DDT2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate 2,4-Diaminotoluene1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane 1,2-Dibromethane (EDB)1,4-Dichlorobenzene 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine-Dihydrochloride 1,2-DichloroethaneDichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) 1,3-Dichloropropene (Technical Grade)Diepoxybutane Di(2-Ethylhexyl)PhthlateDiethyl Sulfate Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine and 3,3’-Dimethoxybenzidine Hydrochloride

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

Dimethylcarbamall Chloride 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine1,1’-Dimethylhydrazine Dimethyl SulfateDimethylvinyl Chloride 1,4-DioxaneDirect Black 38 Direct Black 6Epichlorohydrin Estrogens (Not Conjugated): EstroneEstrogens (Not Conjugated): Mestranol Ethyl AcrylateEthylene Oxide Ethylene Thiourea

83

Ethyl Methanesulfonate Formaldehyde (Gas)Hexachlorobenzene HexamethylphosphoramideHydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate HydrazobenzeneIron Dextran Complex Kepone7 (Chlordecone)Lead Acetate and Lead Phosphate Lindane and Other

Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine) 4,4’-Methylenebris (2-Chloroaniline)4,4’-Methylenebris (N,N-Dimethyl)  Benzamine 4,4’-Methylenedianiline and its Dihydro-

chlorideMethyl Methanesulfonate N-Methyl-N’-Nitro-N-NitrosoguanidineMetronidazole Michler’s KetoneNitrilotriacetic Acid NitrofenNitrogen Mustard Hydrochloride 2-NitropropaneN-Nitrosodi-N-butylamine N-NitrosodiethanolamineN-Nitrosodiethylamine N-NitrosodimethylamineN-Nitrosodi-N-propylamine N-Nitroso-N-EthylureaN-Nitrosomethylvinylamine N-NitrosomorpholineN-Nitrosonornicotine N-NitrosopiperidineN-Nitrosopyrrolidine N-NitrososarcosineNorethisterone Ochratoxin A4,4’-Oxydianiline PhenacetinPhenazopyridine Hydrochloride Phenoxybenzamine HydrochloridePhenytoin Polybrominated BiphenylsPolychlorinated Biphenyls Procarbazine HydrochlorideProgesterone 1,3-Propane Sulfone?-Propiolactone Propylene OxidePropylthiouracil ReserpineSaccharin SafroleSelenium Sulfide Silica, Crystalline (Respirable), Quartz,

Cristobalite, TridymiteStreptozotocin Sulfallate2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin (TCDD) Tetrachloroethylene

(Perchloroethioacetamide)Thioacetamide ThioureaToluene Diisocyanate O-Toludine and O-Toluidine

HydrochlorideToxaphene 2,4,6-TrichlorophenolTris(1-Axiridinyl) Phosphine Sulfide Tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl) PhosphateUrethane Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsBenz [a] anthracene Benzo[b]fluoranthene

84

Benzo[j]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluorantheneBenzo[a]pyrene Dibenz[a,h]acridineDibenz[a,j]acridine Dibenz[a,h]anthracene7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole Dibenzo[a,e][a,h][a,i][a,l]pyreneIdeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene5-methylchrysene 5-Methylchrysene

85

APPENDIX N: PROJECT/PROCEDURE HAZARD ASSESSMENT/ANALYSIS

Instructions for Project/Procedure Hazard Assessment/Analysis

This section outlines the procedure all laboratory workers developing new processes should employ prior to instituting any new laboratory work. This series of questions and checklists will help the laboratory worker institute the environmental controls and personal protective equipment needed to perform the work.

After the Hazard Assessment/Analysis is complete a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the new process shall be written. See Appendix O for guidelines for writing SOP’s.

Questions

I. When must a Hazard Assessment/Analysis (HAA) be performed?

A HAA should be performed if any of the following materials are used:

Biohazards, which include:

Pathogenic agents (bacteria, rickettsia, fungi, viruses, prions, protozoa, and other parasites)

Plants, animals or animal waste materials, which contain or may contain hazardous characteristics including pathogenic organisms

Human and nonhuman primate tissue, body fluid, and cell culture (primary or continuous) Recombinant DNA Hazardous chemicals.

II. What if hazardous materials change during a project?

A new HAA must be completed when the hazards associated with the research or project change.

The following is an outline of the form/worksheet:

Page Section RecommendationA. Hazard Identification Use the checklist to identify the potential hazards

associated with the work.B. Description of Facilities

Identify the building and room numbers where the work takes place.

86

C. Statement of Responsibility

Principle Investigator/Designated User reads and signs the statement.

D. General Risk Reduction

Complete this section that outlines the occupational health problems and training offered to laboratory staff.

E. Specific Risk Reductions

Complete only those sections which apply to your answers on pages 1-3.

A. Definitions:

Toxins

The Center for Disease Control issues permits for the use of certain microbiological agents and toxins:

Abrin Conotoxins ShigatoxinAflatoxins Diacetoxyscipenol Staphylococcal enterotoxinsBotulinum toxins Ricin TetrodotoxinT-2 toxin Saxitoxin Clostridium perfringes epsilon toxin

Carcinogens

A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if it is identified by one of the following organizations:

1. It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen.

2. It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP latest edition).

3. It is regulated by the Massachusetts Right-to-Know Law in the Code of Massachusetts Regulations and/or is listed in the Massachusetts Substance List:

105 CMR 670Department of Public Health

310 CMR 33.00Department of Environmental Protection

454 CMR 21.00Department of Labor and Workforce Development

Examples of Carcinogens:

Alfatoxin Aminobiphenyl Arsenic and certain Arsenic Compounds

Benzene Benzidine Chromium Chromium CompoundsConjugated Estrogens Melphalan Methoxsalen with Ultraviolet

A Therapy

87

Mustard Gas 2-Naphthylamine Radon

Highly Toxic Chemicals

A chemical is highly toxic if it falls within any of the following categories:

1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50mg or less per kg of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 mg or less per kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rats weighing two to three kilograms each.

3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

Examples of highly toxic substances:

Phosphorus pentoxide Sodium Azide Colchicine Potassium CyanideActinomycin Compounds

Mercury Compounds Sodium Arsenite Arsenic Oxide

Indomethacin Compounds

Phosgene Arsine Osmium Tetroxide

Organ Specific Toxicants

These examples are presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects and hazards found in the workplace, but are not intended to be all-inclusive.

Hepatotoxicants: Chemicals that produce liver damage.Signs and symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement.Chemicals: Carbon tetrachloride, nitrosamines.

Nephrotoxicants: Chemicals that produce kidney damage.Signs and symptoms: Edema, proteinuria.Chemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons, uranium.

Neurotoxicants: Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system.Signs and symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, or decrease in motorfunctions.Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide.

88

Agents that act Chemicals that decrease hemoglobin function or deprive the body of oxygen.on the blood or Signs and symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness.hematopoietic Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanides.system:

Agents that Chemicals that irritate or damage the pulmonary tissue.damage the Signs and symptoms: Cough, tightness in chest, shortness of breath.lung: Chemicals: Silica, asbestos.

Reproductive Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomaland damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis).Developmental Signs and symptoms: Birth defects, sterility.toxicants: Chemicals: Lead, DBCP (a halogenated, organic pesticide).

Cutaneous Chemicals that affect the dermal layer of the body.hazards: Signs and symptoms: Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation.

Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds.

Eye hazards: Chemicals that affect the eye or visual capacity.Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage.Chemicals: Organic solvents, acids.

89

Checklists/Worksheets

B. Environmental Safety Hazard Assessment

ASSESSMENT/ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Principle Investigator/Designated User:______________________________________________Department:___________________________________________Phone:___________________Project/Experiment Name:________________________________________________________

Hazard Identification

Check the appropriate box for each question in the context of the project/ protocol/ experiment/ research.

Use of Radionuclides:

Yes No

* Are radionuclides used in the protocol?

* Are human research subjects exposed to radionuclides?

** Are animal research subjects exposed to radionuclides?

Complete section E. 1.

** Complete section E. 1. and Appendix (a).

___________________________________________________________________________

Use of X-ray or Non-Ionizing Radiation Including Lasers:

Yes No

* Are human subjects or animals exposed to:

X-rays or non-ionizing radiation?

* Other (Describe:_______________________________)

* Complete Section E. 2.

___________________________________________________________________________

Contact with Animals:

Yes No

** Wild animals (species:________________________________________)

** Non-human primates

* Small laboratory animals (species:_______________________________)

90

* Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) animals _______________________________

* Immunocompromised animals_______________________________

* Large laboratory animals (species:_______________________________)

* Complete Section D.

** Complete Section D. and Section E. 3.

Use of Tissue, Blood or Body Fluids from:

Yes No

* Humans

* Non-human primates

* Wild animals

Laboratory animals

* Complete Section E. 3.

Culture of Cells or Cell Lines:

Yes No

* Human and non-human primate primary cells

* Non-human primate cell lines

* Human cell lines

Other animals

Insects

Complete Section E. 3.

Pathogens and Potential Pathogens:

Yes No

* Does the protocol involve the use of potentially infectious microbes (pathogens)?

** Are animals exposed to pathogenic organisms?

** Are tissues or cells transplanted between species?

If yes, is it: Animal tissue to human? Human tissue to animal?

91

Animal tissue to animal (describe:_______________________________)

* Complete Section E. 3.

** Complete Section E. 3. and Appendix (a).

Environmental Release of Recombinant Plants or Other Organisms:

Yes No

* Does the protocol involve the environmental release of genetically engineered material?

Complete Section E. 4. Call ESO for details on what to submit.

Use of Recombinant DNA

Yes No

DNA/RNA probes

Creation of c-DNA/genomic libraries

Cloning and vector construction in bacteria and yeasts

* Expression of products in cultured cells

* If yes, could toxic products be produced and released from the cells? (The definition of toxic is: LD50 of <100 micrograms per kilogram body weight.)

Yes No*

If yes, could an agent that is potentially infectious to plants or mammalian hosts be produced and released from the cells (e.g. the use of viral vectors or agents including replication defective viral vectors)?

Yes No* * Complete Section E. 4.

Transgenic or Gene-Targeted Animals/Plants: (germline modification)

Yes No

Will transgenic or gene-targeted animals or plants be used?

* If yes, could toxic products be produced and shed by the animal or plant?

(The definition of toxic is: LD50 of <100 micrograms per kilogram body weight.)

Yes No*

92

If yes, could an agent that is potentially infectious to plants or mammalian hosts be produced and shed by the animal/plant? (e.g. the use of viral vectors or agents including replication defective viral vectors)?

Yes No* Complete Section E. 4.

Gene Transfer into Somatic Cells:

Yes No

Does the project involve gene transfer into non-human somatic cells?

* If yes, could toxic products be produced and shed by the animal or plant?

* If yes, could an agent that is potentially infectious to plants or mammalian hosts be produced and shed by the animal/plant? (e.g. the use of viral vectors or agents including replication defective viral vectors)?

Complete Section E. 4.

Use of Hazardous Materials:

Yes No

* Carcinogens

* Organ specific toxicants

* Highly toxic substances including toxins requiring a CDC permit

** Does the protocol involve animal exposure to:

carcinogens or organ specific toxicants or highly toxic substances?

* Explosives? (e.g. dry polynitroaromatics, nitroso compounds, metal azides, metal fulminates, or unstable organic peroxides)

* Inherently unstable oxidizers and highly unstable materials? (e.g. concentrated peroxides and perchlorate salts)

* Water reactives and pyrophoric materials in unsprinklered buildings? (e.g. alkali earth metals, organic lithium compounds, and other metallic compounds)

* Complete Section E. 5.

** Complete Section E. 5. and Appendix (a).

Other Hazards:

93

Yes No

* Does the protocol involve other hazards? (e.g. climbing hazards, other safety dangers)

* Describe them here, or on back of page, and complete Section E. 6.

B. Description of Facilities

Describe the facilities that are currently available to your use. If this work will be done in another laboratory please state so.

1. Where is your laboratory located? Please list the building and all room numbers that will be used for this protocol:

2. Where will animals be housed? Please list the building and all room numbers that will be used for this protocol:

3. Briefly describe any work environment that does not fit any of the above descriptions:

C. Statement of Responsibility

As Principal Investigator or Designated User, I have the responsibility to assure that my project/protocol/laboratory/ is operated in a safe manner and that all staff and students are informed of risk, appropriately wear protective equipment, and are adequately trained. I will assure that all students and staff working in my laboratory receive orientation to our departmental safety and emergency procedures.

I understand that I am responsible for assuring that my laboratory is in compliance with all federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. I will comply with shipping requirements for hazardous materials including recombinant DNA molecules.

Additionally, I am responsible for adhering to FSC procedures for handling accidental spills and contamination. I will report any significant problems and/or protocol-related accidents and illnesses to the Environmental Safety Office, and will complete required follow up in the event of an incident or injury.

I further understand I must complete a new Hazard Assessment/Analysis form prior to any changes in my project, and/or protocols.

_______________________________/___________________________________/__________Principal Investigator/Designated User Date

(Please Print) (Please Sign)

94

This check-sheet contains examples of common methods used to minimize risk associated with laboratory work and research. Please complete those sections that apply to your specific work.( Check the as necessary)

D. General Risk Reduction

Training

It is the Principal Investigator/Designated User’s responsibility to see that all personnel involved in his/her laboratory are trained.

Which of the following training will your personnel receive?

Particular hazardous chemicals

Biohazards

Radioactive Materials

Training in spill clean up

Bloodborne pathogen training

E. Specific Risk Reduction

1. Work with radioactive materials

Any use of a radioactive material requires prior authorization by the FSCRadiation Safety Officer.

Do you have Radioactive Materials (RAM) authorization? Yes No

2. Use of X-rays or non-ionizing radiation.

Are you using any x-ray generated equipment or non-ionizing radiation generators? (Ultraviolet, Infrared, extremely low frequency and radio frequency fields). Describe what use and where it is used.

3. Work with Biohazards. (circle all that apply)

Pathogens

Viral vectorsHuman blood and body fluidsInfectious nonhuman primate tissueInfectious wild animal tissue

What is the agent?_______________________________________________

What is the mode of transmission?

95

Airborne Bloodborne Fecal/Oral Other (explain):_____________________________________________________

What is the CDC’s/NIH Biosafety Level recommended for your work? BL-1 BL-2 BL-3 BL-4

Agents or animals are infectious to: Humans Animals

Indicate all that apply to your work:

Written precautions when handling sharps.

Protocol requires the use of a biosafety cabinet.

Protocol requires Universal Precautions/barrier protection.

Handling wild animals or tissues from wild animals.

Transplanting tissue or cells from one species to another.

(When such procedures are done, both the natural immunologic and physical protective barriers of both organisms are broken. For example, mice that are transplanted with human tumor tissue must be handled at a minimum of Biosafety Level 2. Biosafety Level 2 is required for human blood, body fluids and tissue.)

What precautions, immunizations and/or permits are necessary?

Briefly describe what is of greatest concern in this protocol and what precautions are necessary?

4. Work with Recombinant DNA (indicate all that apply)

Human gene therapy protocols

Those that involve environmental release of genetically engineered organisms and plants.

Answer the following where appropriate:

What is the nature of the inserted gene or gene products?

Viral Vectors. (Complete Section E. 3.)

Use or Creation of viral vectors

What is the nature of the inserted gene or gene products?

______________________________________________________________

96

What type:

retroviral vectors adenoviral or adeno-associated viral vectors other vectors

Creation of Toxins.

Use of recombinant DNA technology to create toxic materials or toxins.

Could the toxicity be described as meeting the following guidelines?

Genes coding for toxin molecules with an LD50 of <100 micrograms per kilogram and >100 nanograms per kilogram body weight.This protocol must be registered with NIH’s Office of Recombinant DNA prior to initiating experiments.

The cloning of genes coding for molecules toxic for vertebrates that have an LD50 of <100 nanograms per kilogram body weight (e.g. microbial toxins such as the botulinum toxins, tetanus toxins, diptheria toxin, Shigella dysenteria neurotoxin).This protocol must be registered with NIH’s Office of Recombinant DNA prior to initiating experiments.

Transgenic or gene-targeted animals or plants or gene transfer into nonhumansomatic cells.

Transgenic, or gene-targeted animals/plants. Gene transfer to somatic cells.

5. Work with Hazardous Chemicals

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) must be in place prior to beginning work with highly toxic substances, carcinogens and organ specific toxicants.

Yes No

Do you have written SOPs in place for your processes involving carcinogens, organ specific toxicants, or highly toxic substances?

Items such as explosives, inherently unstable oxidizers, highly unstable and water reactive materials, pyrophoric materials may require engineering controls and specific approval from the Fitchburg Fire Department. If you are using these materials, please list them and indicate the amount of material, how they are stored, and how they are used in your work.

Oxidizers:

97

Water Reactive Materials:

Pyrophoric Materials:

6. Any other information that would be useful in assessing the risk of the protocol. This assessment must be written in lay terms where possible.

(Use back of form or additional page.)

98

APPENDIX O: CHECKLISTS, FORMS AND PROCEDURES

INCIDENT REPORT

Location of Incident: Date of Incident: Time of Incident:

Date Incident reported: Time Incident Reported:

Type of Incident: (circle all that apply)

Spill, Fire, Explosion, Near Incident, Employee exposure, Other (specify)_______________Investigation Follow-up Responsibility:

Names of Investigation Team Members:

Describe the incident. Include tasks or operations being performed at the time of the incident. List the chemical, physical, or biological agent(s) involved.

Determine all potential causes of the incident with descriptions:

Describe any injuries, illnesses, or exposures which may have occurred:

Describe what PPE was used and which hazard controls were operating at the time of the incident:

Describe any Health and Safety Policies which may apply to the incident including emergency response and first aid. Determine if the policies were followed prior to the incident.

99

Determine when the last training was performed concerning these policies. Determine if the training was received by person(s) involved in the incident.

Determine how the incident could have been prevented:

Determine if similar incidents have occurred in the past:

Describe what actions must be taken to prevent future occurrences. Determine responsible person(s) for corrective action, e.g. policy revisions, etc… with timetable for completion.

Name: ___________________________________

Submitted to: ___________________________________

100

Clearance FormFor Departing Laboratory Personnel

Fitchburg State College will not clear laboratory, [studio, darkroom or facilities?] personnel for departure unless this form is completed and returned to the Environmental Safety Office (ESO). The clearance process should be initiated at least one month prior to the separation date. Principal users that have active protocols in their name should notify the ESO at least 60 days prior to separation.

Name:__________________________________________________________________

Department:______________________________________________________________

Date:____________________________

Department Chairperson:____________________________________________________________

Are you a principal user for any protocols? Yes No

All hazardous waste generated during my work or research has been disposed of properly via FSC hazardous waste policies. Research samples, chemical solutions, and unused chemicals that are to be retained in the laboratory have been properly labeled with compound name, amount, and date (include isotope and activity for radioactive material). These materials have been turned over to the following individual(s)________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

who will serve as custodian(s). The custodian(s) is responsible for the care and the disposal of all transferred materials.

________________________________________________________________________

Departing Personnel Signature________________________________________________________________________

Custodian's Signature (s)________________________________________________________________________

101

FITCHBURG STATE COLLEGE LABORATORY SAFETY CHECKLISTRIGHT-TO-KNOW SECTION

Building: Room Number:

Inspection Performed By: Phone Number:

Area Use: Date:

Areas in compliance should have all questions answered as "Y" (Yes).

ITEM DESCRIPTION Y N NA

1. Are hazardous materials used or stored in this area?

2. Hazardous Chemical Right-to-Know Poster prominently displayed in building?

3. Emergency procedures, evacuation routes posted?

4. Hazardous Chemical Right-to-Know Notebook accessible to employees?

5. Up-to-date inventory maintained for all hazardous materials?

6. MSDS' maintained and readily available at all times employees are present?

7. All employees know the location of chemical inventory, MSDS', and related reference material?

8. All employees currently trained in accordance with RTK and Laboratory Standard regulations and documented?

9. All employees familiar with information and training requirements of RTK?

10. All employees familiar with physical and health hazards of chemicals in work area?

11. All employees able to describe how to detect the presence or release of hazardous materials?

12. All employees know how to protect themselves and others from effects of hazardous materials?

13. All storage containers clearly labeled in English with chemical names, CAS Numbers, (for mixtures) percent composition, and hazard warnings?

LABORATORY SECTION

ITEM DESCRIPTION Y N NA

Does area conform to definition of Laboratory?

GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY Y N NA

1. Area has at least two exits?

2. Exits clearly marked and unobstructed?

3. Appropriate warning signs posted near lab entrance?

4. Emergency procedures and phone numbers clearly posted?

5. Unobstructed aisles maintained at least 36 in. wide throughout?

102

6. Lab benches and work areas free of clutter?

7. Shelves have seismic restraints, e.g., lips or wires?

8. Shelves and cabinets secured to walls?

9. Storage above eye level minimized and items restrained from falling?

10. First aid materials and fire blanket readily available?

11. Fire extinguisher readily available?

12. Safety shower/eye wash accessible within 10 sec. or 100 ft.?

13. Safety shower tested and documented within past year?

14. Eye wash tested, flushed, & documented at least monthly?

15. Smoking, eating, and drinking prohibited in lab?

16. Refrigerators and freezers clearly labeled "Not for Storage of Food for Human Consumption"?

17. No storage of food or drink in refrigerators, unless dedicated for such and clearly labeled?

18. Refrigerators with flammables are explosion proof type?

PERSONAL PROTECTION: Y N NA

19. #9; Workplace hazard assessment and certification completed?

20. Fume hood available?

21. Fume hood free of clutter?

22. Fume hood inspected within last 12 months and capable of drawing at least 100 LFPM (or more if appropriate)?

23. Fume hoods equipped with air flow indicator?

24. Fume hood labeled "Not for Perchloric Acid" unless designed as dedicated perchloric acid hood.

25. Goggles, face shields, are of appropriate type and worn?

26. Lab coats of appropriate material available and worn?

27. Appropriate gloves available and worn?

28. Appropriate respiratory protection available?

29. Respirators cleaned, stored, inspected regularly?

30. Respirator training done and documented along with fit test and medical evaluation of employees?

31. Mechanical pipetting used, no mouth suction?

32. Personnel wear shoes that fully cover feet and full length trousers to protect legs?

33. Long hair is confined, inappropriate jewelry removed?

103

COMPRESSED GASES: Y N NA

34. Cylinders stored upright and properly secured at all times?

35. Storage area dry, cool, and well ventilated?

36. Caps properly secured when cylinders are not in use?

37. Regulators always used, proper regulators used for type gas, pressure bled when not in use?

38. Cylinders in good condition and clearly marked?

39. Flammables stored separately from oxidizers, toxics in secure area, etc.?

CHEMICALS: Y N NA

40. Flammable liquids stored in OSHA/NFPA approved cabinets if more than 10 gal. w/o approved safety containers?

41. Ignition sources avoided when using/storing flammables?

42. Containers segregated by hazard class? [Flammables away from oxidizers, acids separate from bases, incompatible acids separated (e.g., nitric acid not with sulfuric or acetic), etc.]

43. Corrosives stored in acid cabinets?

44. Storage of chemicals above eye level is avoided?

45. Chemicals stored away from light and heat sources?

46. Chemical containers are in good condition, labels intact, metal cans free of rust, etc.?

47. Containers labeled with receipt date and date opened?

48. Containers closed unless actively adding/removing contents?

49. Peroxide formers properly labeled and inventory tracked?

50. Picric acid sufficiently wet?

51. Large containers stored near the floor?

52. Bottle carriers utilized when transporting hazardous chemicals between work areas?

53. Proper signs delineate designated areas where HTOX, REP, and CAR chemicals used?

54. Designated area properly cleaned and decontaminated?

55. Spill procedure prominently posted and information filled in by laboratory personnel?

56. Spill control materials readily available and personnel familiar with how to use them?

57. Waste chemicals properly labeled, accumulated for removal by contractor, segregated, and inspected?

58. Departmental hazardous waste coordinator informed of waste for disposal?

59. Departmental waste reduction plan adopted and in effect?

60. Chemical inventory management/ordering system in place and checked before ordering new chemicals?

104

Fitchburg State CollegeChemical Ordering Policy

Before any new chemical purchases can be approved, a current chemical inventory must be submitted to the Environmental Safety Office.

This inventory must include:

ChemicalAmount in stock at beginning of semesterAmount remaining at end of semester

This system will help us purchase the adequate quantity of chemicals and minimize the hazards that occur from the storage of dangerous chemicals.

These records will be kept in the Environmental Safety Office, and used as a guide when reviewing chemical purchase orders for approval.

Questions or concerns should be directed to the Environmental Safety Officer at extension 3756.

105

PROCEDURE FOR WRITING STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are a set of written procedures explaining how to safely work with hazardous chemicals. Three methods can be used to categorize SOPs: by process (e.g. lab protocols), by individual hazard class (e.g. inorganic acids) or by hazardous chemical class (e.g. perchloric acid). The Standard Operating Procedure is a valuable tool and worth the preparation time. SOPs go beyond the basic "cookbook" procedural description of materials and methods and also provide details about the appropriate precautions. Here are some examples of topics that lend themselves well to the SOP format:

Inventory procedure for stock/reference cultures Laboratory security Disposal of hazardous materials, including sharps, chemicals and biological

materials Surface decontamination Spill procedure Operation and maintenance of equipment such as the centrifuge, Biological

Safety Cabinet , and autoclave Transportation of hazardous materials between facilities

In general, SOPs force a person to think through a procedure step by step and to standardize the materials and methods. The exercise of writing the SOP is valuable and the SOP itself is a useful training tool and a reminder to staff of the correct procedures. In some situations, SOPs may be required for compliance with regulations (e.g., Good Laboratory Practices, Food and Drug Administration, 40 CFR 160.81).

The best approach to writing an SOP is to do it, write it, and test it. Be brief and succinct, the shorter, the better. Anyone - student, support staff or principal investigator, can prepare them. The SOPs should be available in the laboratory, not filed away in an office drawer.

SOPs should be reviewed annually at a minimum.

Below is a template for a Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that you may adapt for your own SOPs.

106

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Template

TITLE:_________________________________________________________________

ORIGINAL ISSUE:____________REVISION DATE____________PAGE __OF__

PREPARED BY:_____________________APPROVED BY:___________________________

Section 1: (Check One)_ Process _ Hazard Class _ Hazardous Chemical

Class

Section 2: Describe Process, Hazard Class, or Hazardous Chemical Class Describe the process in detail and list all chemicals in the process and

describe/list the names of all hazardous chemicals.

Section 3: Potential HazardsDescribe the potential hazards for each step in the process or hazardous

chemical. Include physical and health hazards.

Section 4: Personal Protective EquipmentIdentify the required level of PPE and hygiene practices needed. PPE

includes gloves, aprons, lab coats eye protection etc.

Section 5: Engineering ControlsDescribe the engineering controls that will be used to prevent or reduce

employee/student exposure to hazardous chemicals. This includes ventilation such as fume hoods.

Section 6: Special Handling and Storage RequirementsList storage requirements for hazardous chemicals involved with the

process including specific areas and policies regarding access to chemicals, special procedures such as dating peroxide

formers are appropriate here.

Section 7: Spill and Accident ProceduresIndicate how spills or accidental releases will be handled and by whom.

List the location of appropriate emergency equipment (spill kit, eye washes, showers and fire extinguishers). Any special requirements

for personal exposure should be identified here.

Section 8: Decontamination ProceduresSpecify decontamination procedures to be used for equipment, glassware

and clothing, including equipment such as hoods and lab benches.

107

Section 9: Waste Disposal ProceduresIndicate how waste will be collected, disposed of and by whom.

Section 10: Material Safety Data Sheet LocationsIndicate the location of MSDSs for each hazardous chemical used. Also

indicate the location of other pertinent safety information, i.e. equipment manuals, chemical references, etc.

Section 11: Protocol(s)Insert the/your laboratory process/procedure/protocol.

108

APPENDIX P: FITCHBURG STATE COLLEGE UNIVERSAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT PLAN

Universal Waste Management at Fitchburg State College

A comprehensive universal waste management program is in place at the college, that includes designated collection and accumulation areas in each of our buildings, annual universal waste management training for our building services staff and an inspection/audit program to ensure we are managing our universal waste in compliance with Federal and State regulations. FSC is classified as a Small Quantity Handler of universal wastes, accumulating less than 5,000 kilograms of universal waste at any time. Our operations generate mercury-containing lamps, various types of batteries, and any mercury-containing devices that we replace as part of our mercury-free device initiative. These wastes are classified as universal waste by Federal and Massachusetts regulations, 40 C.F.R. 273 and 310 C.M.R. 30.1000-30.1082 respectively. We partner with a state vendor, the Institutional Recycling Network to recycle our universal waste.

Fitchburg State College UW Lamps Collection Drums LocationsJanuary 11, 2007

Building/Room Drum Label Date

Drum Type Comments

Anthony 4’OEM BOX Custodial Storage Area

Condike Science 4’ FIBER DRUM 2nd Floor CUSTODIAL CLOSET

Conlon Fine Arts 4’OEM BOX Custodial room CM-160

Conlon Ind. Arts-4’Fiber drum-4’Fiber Drum-4’OEM Box

Custodial Rooms:IA-115IA-204IA-329

Dupont -4’OEM BOX CUSTODIAL

109

CLOSETEdgerly Hall 8’ FIBER DRUM

4’ Fiber Drum

1ST FLOOR STORAGE ROOMEH-108

Hammond Building -4’OEM BOX-4’ FIBER DRUM

C106JLOADING DOCK

McKay -4’ FIBER DRUM-5gal bucket for cfls

-4’ fiber drum

C-Wing BASEMENT STORAGE

Custodial Storage B-133

Miller Hall 4’ FIBER DRUM BASEMENT STORAGE

Parkinson -4’OEM BOX--2’OEM BOX

PG -110

Percival Hall 4’ FIBER DRUM P3 MECH ROOM

Thompson Hall 4’ FIBER DRUM BASEMENT BREAKROOM

Rec Center 4’ FIBER DRUM5-gal bucket for batteries-U-TUBE BOX

LOADING DOCK

Service Center-MAAUW N/A

Full Drums, Battery Skid and Empty Drums storage location

Aubuchon -4’OEM BOX-4’ FIBER DRUM-U-TUBE BOX-5-gal bucket for batteries

MAIN MECHANICAL ROOM

Russell 4’OEM BOX4’ FIBER DRUM

BASEMENT STORAGE ROOM

Herhihy _____________ BROUGHT TO RUSSELL

Mara 4’ FIBER DRUM MAIN MECHANICAL ROOMS

Town Houses _______________ Brought to Mara

110

111

Fitchburg State College Student Labs, MAA and SAA Areas and Spill Kits Formal inspection weekly, daily lab presence by techs after each lab session

Building Room Use Spill Kit SAACondike Science 103 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 105 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 107 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 108 Biology

ResearchYes Yes

Condike Science C103 Biology Storage Yes NoCondike Science-to be combined with 121C

121B Biology Research

Yes Yes

Condike Science 121C Biology Research

Yes Yes

Condike Science 123 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 125 Biology Prep Yes YesCondike Science 126 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 202 Chemistry

ResearchYes No

Condike Science 233 Chemistry Lab Yes YesCondike Science 235 Chemistry Lab Yes YesCondike Science 233 Prep Chemistry Prep Yes NoCondike Science 233 Glass Chemistry

StorageYes No

Condike Science 301 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 304 Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 305A Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 305B Biology Lab Yes YesCondike Science 306 Biology Prep Yes NoCondike Science C313 Chemistry

ResearchYes Yes

Condike Science 313 Prep Biology/Physics Prep

Yes No

Condike Science 313 Physics Lab No NoCondike Science 315 Physics Lab No NoIndustrial Arts 106 MAA HW/UW Yes YesIndustrial Arts 333/331 Art Studio Yes YesIndustrial Arts 332/338 Art Studio Yes YesIndustrial Arts 346 Photo Lab Yes YesService Center Print Shop Print Shop Yes YesService Center Grounds Work Shop Yes YesService Center Warehouse HW/UW

StorageYes Yes

112

N/A Cart Waste Transport

Yes N/A

McKay C287 Education Lab No NoDupont-Garage Maintenance Yes Yes

113

APPENDIX Q: RESOURCES AND STATUTORY / REGULATORY REFERENCES

Journals

• Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Hygienists.

• Chemical and Engineering News. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society

• Journal of Chemical Education. Easton, PA: American Chemical Society, Division of Chemical Education

• Chemical Health and Safety. Washington D.C.: Division of Chemical Health and Safety and the American Chemical Society

• Laboratory Safety and Environmental Management. Burbank, CA: Target Group

Laboratory Safety

• Ashbrook, P. C. and Renfrew, M. M. Eds. Safe Laboratories: Principles and Practices for Design and Remodeling. Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, MI, 1991.

• Luxon, S. G. Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory; 5th ed.: Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 1993.

• Mayo, D. W., et. al. Microscale Organic Laboratory; Wiley: New York, 1989.

• Pipitone. D. A., Ed. Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals; 2nd ed.; Wiley/Interscience: New York, 1991.

• Stricoff, R. S. Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety, 2nd ed.; 1995.

• Young, J. A., Ed. Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory: A Practical guide; 2nd ed.; Wiley/Interscience: New York, 1991.

• Design of Safe Chemical Laboratories: Suggested References; Committee on Chemical Safety; American Medical Society: Washington, D. C., 1991.

• Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals; National Academy of Sciences: Washington, D. C., 1995.

• Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, 6th ed., American Chemical Society: Washington, D. C., 1995.

• Safety in Chemical Laboratories; 4 vols.; Reprints from J. Chem. Educ., Journal of chemical Education: Easton, PA, 1964-1980.

114

• Understanding Chemical Hazards: A Guide for Students; American Chemical Society: Washington, D. C., 1994.

• McKusick, B. B. A. Procedures for Laboratory Destruction of Chemicals, @ J. Chem. Educ. 61, A152 (1984).

Hoods, Laboratory Ventilation

• Burton, J. Laboratory Ventilation Workbook; 2nd ed.; I’VE: Cincinnati, OH, 1994.

• DiBerardinis, L. J.; et al. Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Health and Safety Considerations, 2nd ed.; Wiley/Interscience: New York, 1993.

• Saunders, G. T. Laboratory Fume Hoods: A User’s Manual; Wiley/Interscience: New York, 1993.

• Industrial Ventilation; A Manual of Recommended Practice; 22nd ed.; American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists: Cincinnati, OH, 1995.

• Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1992; American National Standards Institute: New York, 1992.

• Methods of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods, ANSI/ASHRAE 110-1985; American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA, 1985.

• Mikell, W. G.; Fuller, R. H. A Good Hood Practices for Safe Hood Operation, @ J. Chem. Educ. 65, A36 (1988).

Hazardous Substances Information

• Budavari, S. The Merck Index of Chemicals and Biologicals, 12th ed.; Rahway, NJ: Merck and Company.

• Clayton, F. & G., eds. Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (5 vols), New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1994.

• Sax, N. I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed,; New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

• Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 3rd ed. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications, 1992.

• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment and Biological Exposure Indices; Cincinnati, OH.

• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards; NIOSH Publication 90-117. Washington, D. C.; US Government Printing Office.

115

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 29 CFR Part 1910.1000-1101. Washington, D. C.; U. S. Government Printing Office.

• Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances; Division of Health and Human Services (DHHS) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Governmental Printing Office: Washington, D. C.

Carcinogens

• International Agency for Research on Cancer. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Albany, NY: World Health Organization.

• Castegnaro, M.; Sansone, E. B. Chemical Carcinogens: Some Guidelines for Handling and Disposal in the Laboratory; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1986.

• Walters, D. B. ed. Safe Handling of Chemical Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens, and Highly Toxic Substances; Ann Arbor Science/CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1990.

• Carcinogens – Regulation and Control: A Management Guide to Carcinogens, Regulation, and Control; NIOSH, DHEW Publication 77-205; US Government Printing Office; Washington, D. C., 1977.

• NIH Guidelines for the Laboratory Use of Chemical Carcinogens; National Institutes of Health, DHSS; US Government Printing Office: Washington, D. C., 1981.

• Annual Report on Carcinogens; DHHS National Toxicology Program (NTP), A Summary from National Toxicology Program; Public Information Office: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1994.

Reproductive Toxins

• Shepard, T. H. Catalog of Teratogenic Agents; 8th ed.; Johns Hopkins: Baltimore, MD, 1995.

• Messite, J.; Bond, M. B. A Reproductive Toxicology and Occupational Exposure, @ Chapter 54. In: Occupational Medicine, C. Zenz ed.; Chicago, IL, Yearbook Medical Publishers, 1988.

• Reproductive Health Hazards in the Workplace; Office of Technology Assessment; US Government Printing Office: Washington, D. C., 1985.

• Beyler, R. E.; Myers, V. K. A What Every Chemist Should Know About Teratogens, @ J. Chem. Educ. 59, 759 (1982).

116

Toxicology

• Gosselin, R. E., Ed. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products; 5th ed.; Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD, 1984.

• Klassen, C. D.; Amdur, M. O. and Doull, J. Cassarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th ed. MacMillan Publishing Company: New York, 1995.

Reactive Chemicals

• Bretherick, L. Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards; 4th ed.; Butterworths: London, 1990.

• Manual of Hazardous Chemical Reactions: NFPA Manual 491M; National Fire Protection Association: Quincy, MA, 1986.

Compressed Gases

• Braker, W.; Mossman, A. L. Gas Data Book; 6th ed.; Matheson Gas Products: East Rutherford, NJ, 1980.

• Handbook of Compressed Gases; 3rd ed.; Compressed Gas Association; Arlington, VA, 1990.

Biosafety

• Fleming, D. O., et. al. Laboratory safety: Principles and Practices, 2nd ed.; American Society for Microbiology: Washington, D. C., 1995.

• Biosafety Reference Manual; 2nd ed.; American Industrial Hygiene Association: Fairfax, VA, 1995.

• Biosafety in the Laboratory: Prudent Practices for the Handling and Disposal of Infectious Materials; National Academy Press: Washington, D. C., 1989.

• Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 3rd ed.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health; HHS

Publication No. (CDC) 93-8395; U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1993.

117

Organizations, Colleges and Universities that Generously ContributedContent from Their Environmental Health and Safety Archives

• Amherst College

• Association of College and University Auditors

• Boston College

• McGill University

• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

• Safety Council of Western New England

• University of Washington

Statutory and Regulatory References

* Massachusetts Hazardous Waste Management Act- M.G.L. c. 21C

* Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Hazardous Waste Regulations- 310 C.M.R. §§ 30.000 et seq. See especially 30.300

* Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Hazardous Waste Regulations- 310 C.M.R §§ 40.1600

* Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration Lab Standard Regulations-29 C.F.R. § 1910.1450

* Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration Flammable and Combustible Liquids Regulations -29 CFR 1910.106

* National Fire Protection Association Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code -NFPA 30

118