STOELRIVES

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ATTORNEYS AT LAW

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KIMBERLY.) HELL WIGDirect (916) 319-4742

September 7, 2011

kjhellwig@stoel.com

VIA EMAIL

Mr. Eric Solorio, Siting Project ManagerCalifornia Energy Commission1516 Ninth StreetSacramento, CA 95814

Re: Pio Pico Energy Center Project (11-AFC-01)Plume Modeling Data

Dear Mr. Solaria:

On behalf of Applicant Pio Pico Energy Center, LLC, please find enclosed herein for docketing atable relating to the plume analysis presented in Applicant's response to TRANS-48. This tablewas referred to in the text of Applicant's response, but inadvertently left out of the response.The table was provided to California Energy Commission Staff, Tao Jiang, on September 6,2011

Should you have any questions regarding this submittal, please do not hesitate to contact thisoffice.

Respectfully submitted,

imberly Hellwigara a

KJH:jmwEnclosurecc: Proof of Service List (by email only)

70880931 1 0042399-00001Alaska California Idaho

Ll onesola Oregon Utah Washinglon

DATE SEP 07 2011

RECD. SEP 07 2011

DOCKET11-AFC-1

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

BACKGROUND

COMMENT: As noted on page 5.11-8, the issue of both visible and invisible thermalplumes from industrial stacks has lately been brought to the forefront regarding aviationsafety. The AFC provides no discussion of potential plume impacts or analysis of plumevelocity, heat dispersal, or other plume characteristics that might contribute to lowaltitude turbulence in AFC §5.0 (Traffic & Transportation). Analyses of the velocity,shape, and dispersal of the exhaust plumes are necessary for staff to determine thepotential impact of plumes generated by the Pio Pico Energy Center on aircraft flying inthe immediate vicinity of the project.

DATA REQUEST 48

COMMENT: Please provide a detailed plume analysis for the thermal plumes generatedby the Pio Pico Energy Center exhaust stacks, including:

a) Frequency of plume generation, velocity, shape, continuity, and dispersal of plume(s),up to and including 2000 feet agl.

b) Meteorological impacts on plume formation and behavior. Provide the name of thecomputer model used and its inputs and outputs.

c) Potential impacts to air mass stability and aircraft operations in the area affected by theplumes. Please consider elements such as aircraft type, speed, and altitude; low visibility;cool temperatures; and calm winds when evaluating potential aviation impacts.

RESPONSE: The closest airport to the PPEC site is the Brown Field Municipal Airportlocated approximately three miles to the west. As discussed in Section 5.11.1.1 of theAFC, the PPEC project site is located in an advisory avoidance area for both inbound andoutbound aircraft at Brown Field Municipal Airport due to the high terrain (up to 3,500feet) east of the project site. The recommended pattern altitude (the altitude at which anaircraft enters the traffic pattern around an airport) is 1,000 feet above ground level(AGL). 1 CEC staff has indicated that there parachute jumping activity nearby (at theairport and 3 miles east of the airport), and occasional helicopter activity in the area bythe US Border Patrol.

CEC staff indicated that sections a) and b) of the data request are standard requestsassociated with visible plume analysis, and are not relevant to thermal plume analysis. 2Because of the high exhaust temperature of the simple-cycle turbines, it has beendetermined by CEC staff that visible plumes are extremely unlikely, and that a visibleplume analysis is not necessary.

In response to section c) of the data request, a plume velocity analysis was conducted toassess the turbulence resulting from air plume velocities from the PPEC's gas turbine

KSDM Brown Field Municipal Airport. http://www.airnay.com/airport/KSDM2 Personal telephone conversation, Steve Hill (Sierra Research) and Jim Adams (CEC), 6/28/2011

exhausts (see table below). The analysis assumed worst-case meteorological conditions(cool temperatures and calm winds) and all three turbines operated at full load, when themaximum upward plume velocity would be generated, The methodology used tocalculate plume vertical velocities is the Spillane Approach. This methodology has beenused by CEC to evaluate exhaust stack plume velocities. 3

The Spillane approach uses the following equations to determine vertical velocity forsingle stacks during dead calm wind (i.e. wind speed = 0) conditions:

(1) (V*a)3 = (V*a)3 + 0.12*F0*[(z-z)2-(6.25D-zv)21(2) (V*a)0 = Vexit * D/2 * (Ta1rs)°.5

(3) F, g*Vexit*D2*(1-Ta/Ts)/4(4) Z, = 6.25D*[1-(Ta/Ts) 0-5]Where:V = vertical velocity (m/s), plume-average velocitya = plume top-hat radius (m, increases at a linear rate of a 0.16*(z- zy)Fo= initial stack buoyancy flux m4/s3z = height above ground (m)

virtual source height (m)Vexit initial stack velocity (m/s)D stack diameter (m)Ta= ambient temperature (K)Ts= stack temperature (K)g = acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s2)

For multiple stack plumes, where the stacks are equivalent, the multiple-stack plumevelocity during calm winds was calculated using a simplified fashion as follows:

(5) -v. = vsp*N0.25

The average plume velocity speed, in meters per second (m/s), as a function of turbineoperating conditions, are shown in the table below for both a single turbine and all threeturbines combined.

For purposes of this analysis, a plume average vertical velocity of 4.3 m/s was consideredthe critical velocity of concern to light aircraft. 4 The gas turbine plume velocity dropsbelow 4.3 m/s at approximately 2500 feet AGL, at which height the dimensions of themerged plumes from the gas turbines are approximately 720 feet by 380 feet. Thethermal plume from single turbine drops below a vertical velocity of 4.3 m/s at 1100 ftAGL. As a result, adverse impacts could potentially occur to low-flying aircraft due to

3 See, for example, Final Staff Assessment, Eastshore Power Project (November 2007), Appendix TT-1.4 This is based on CEC staffs review of a 2004 safety circular (AC 139-05(0)), prepared by the AustralianGovernment Civil Aviation Safety Authority, which noted "aviation authorities have established that anexhaust plume with a vertical velocity in excess of 4.3 meters per second (m/s) may cause damage to anaircraft airframe or upset an aircraft when flying at low levels" (CASA 2004). In their safety study onthermal plumes, the FAA noted that they "do not necessarily approve/disapprove or warrant the datacontained in the CASA AC 139-05." The safety team accepted "the information and data contained in AC139-05 as a valid representation of hazardous exhaust velocities" (FAA 2006).

project-related turbulence in the airspace above the site. Aircraft observing therecommended pattern altitudes of 1,000 AGL may still encounter project turbulence.

FAA regulations require the project owner to notify the FAA if the height or outward orupward slope of a proposed new structure is more than 200 feet AGL at the site. No suchstructure exists.

To ensure that plumes associated with PPEC operations do not impact aviation activities,the applicant proposes to consult with the FAA to update all applicable airspace charts toindicate that project plume hazards could exist and to notify all pilots using the BrownField Airport to avoid direct overflight of the airspace above the PPEC site.

PPEC predicted Cahn wind Plume velocitiesPPEC Stack Parameters

Case Cold Base Cold Low Average Base Average Low Hot base Hot LowAmbient Temperature (F) 30 30 63 63 110 110Ambient Temperature (k) 272.039 272.039 290.372 290.372 316 483 316.483Slack Height (m) 30,48 30.48 30.48 30.48 30.48 30.48Stack diameter (m) 4.4196 4.4196 4.4196 4 4196 4.4196 4.4196Stack Velocity (m/s) 27.98 19.86 28.11 19.89 27.01 22.56Exhaust Temperature (K) 674 711.2 691.2 717.2 700.9 713.8Zv Virtual source Height (m) 10.07 10.54 9.72 10.05 9.06 9.23

F° initial stack buoyancy (m4/s 3) 798.55 586.87 780,09 566.47 708.93 600.94

(Va)o 39.28 27.14 40.26 27.97 40.11 33.20

Ht above stacktop (ft) Height above stacktop (m) Cold BasePPEC Plume Velocity (m/s)

Cold Low Average Base Average Low Hot base Hot Low800 213.36 4.88 4,39 4,84 4.34 4.68 4.42900 243.84 4.65 4.19 4.61 4.14 4.47 4.221000 274.32 4,46 4.02 4.43 3.98 4.29 4,051100 304.8 4.30 3.88 4.27 3.83 4.13 3.911200 335,28 4.16 3.75 4.13 3.71 4.00 3.781300 365.76 4.04 3,64 4.01 3.60 3.88 3.671400 396_24 3.93 3.55 3.90 3,50 3.77 3.571500 426.72 3,83 3.46 3.80 3.42 3.68 3,481600 457.2 3.74 3.38 3.71 3.34 3.59 3.401700 487.68 3.66 3.30 3.63 3.26 3 52 3.331800 518.16 3,59 3,24 3.56 3.20 3.44 3.261900 548.64 3.52 3.17 3.49 3.14 3.38 3.202000 579.12 3.45 3,12 3.43 3.0B 3,32 3,142100 609.6 3.39 3.06 3.37 3.03 3.26 3,082200 640,08 3.34 3.01 3.31 2.98 3.21 3,032300 670.56 3.28 2.96 3.26 2.93 3.16 2.992400 701.04 3.24 2,92 3.21 2.89 3.11 2.942500 731.52 3.19 2.88 3.16 2.84 3.06 2.902600 762 3.15 2.84 3.12 2.81 3.02 2.862700 792.48 3.10 2.80 3.08 2.77 2.98 2.822800 822,96 3.07 2.77 3.04 2.73 2.94 2.79

HI above stacktop (It) Height above stacktop (m) Cold BasePPEC plume top-hat radius (m)

Cold Low Average Base Average Low Hol base Hot Low800 213,36 32.53 32.45 32,58 32,53 32.69 32.66900 243.84 37.40 37.33 37.46 37.41 37.56 37.541000 274.32 42.28 42.20 42.34 42.28 42.44 42,411100 304.80 47.16 47.08 47.21 47.16 47.32 47.291200 335.28 52.03 51.96 52.09 52,04 52.20 52.171300 365.76 56.91 56.134 56.97 56.91 57.07 57.041400 396.24 61.79 61.71 61.84 61.79 61.95 61.921500 426.72 66,66 66,59 66.72 66.67 66,83 66.801600 457.20 71,54 71.47 71.60 71.54 71.70 71.681700 487.68 76.42 76.34 76,47 76.42 76.58 76.551800 518.16 81.29 81.22 81.35 81.30 81.46 81.431900 548.64 86.17 86.10 86.23 86.17 86,33 86.312000 579_12 91.05 90.97 91.10 91.05 91.21 91.182100 609.60 95.92 95.85 95.98 95.93 96.09 06.062200 640.08 100.80 100.73 100,86 100.81 100.96 100.942300 670,56 105.68 105.60 105.73 105.68 105.84 105.812400 701.04 110.55 110.48 110.61 110.56 110.72 110.692500 731,52 115.43 115.36 115,49 115.44 115.59 115.572600 762.00 120.31 120.23 120.36 120.31 120-47 120.44

Distance between stacks:54.00 m

Ht above stacktop (It) Height above stacktop (m)PPEC Plume Velocity (Three Stack Merged Exit velocity, m/s)

Cold Base Cold Low Average Base Average Low Hot base Hot Low800 213.36 Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge900 243.84 Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge1000 274.32 Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge1100 304,80 Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge1200 335.28 Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge Not Merge1300 365.76 5.32 4.80 5.27 4.74 5.11 4.831400 396.24 5.17 4.67 5.13 4.61 4.97 4.701500 426,72 5.04 4.55 5.00 4.49 4.84 4.581600 457.20 4.93 4.44 4.89 4.39 4.73 4.481700 487.68 4.82 4.35 4 78 4.29 4.63 4,381800 518.16 4.72 4.26 4.68 4.21 4.53 4.291900 548.64 4.63 4.18 4.59 4.13 4.45 4.212000 579.12 4.54 4.10 4.51 4.05 4.36 4.132100 609.60 4,47 4.03 4.43 3.98 429 4.062200 640.08 4.39 3.95 4.36 3.92 4.22 3.992300 670.56 4.32 3,90 4.29 3.85 4.15 3.932400 701.04 4.26 3.84 4.22 3.80 4.09 3.872500 731.52 4.20 3.79 4.16 3.74 4.03 3.822600 762.00 4.14 3,74 4.11 3.69 3.98 3.76

From: Steve HillSent: Tuesday, September 06, 2011 1:53 PMTo: 'Tao Jiang'; David Jenkins (djenkins@apexpowergrouo.com ); McKinsey, John A.; Gary RubensteinSubject: RE: PPEC plume modeling

No wonder you were confused. The table was not included with the data response.

Here it is.

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Please let me know if you have any questions.

Original Message

From: Tao Jiang [mailto:TJiang@energy.state.ca.usl

Sent: Tuesday, September 06, 2011 12:11 PMTo: Steve Hill

Subject: PPEC plume modeling

Hi, Steve

I just read though your data response tran-48. Interestingly, although the DR says "see the table below", there is no

table in this DR. Could you send me that table? Please make sure all input parameters are included. Thanks.

Tao

3

BEFORE THE ENERGY RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT

COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

1516 NINTH STREET, SACRAMENTO, CA 958141-800-822-6228 — WWW.ENERGY.CA.GOV

APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATION

FOR THE PIO PICO ENERGY CENTER, LLCDocket No. 11-AFC-1PROOF OF SERVICE

(Revised 5115111)

Pio Pico Energy Center, LLCLetter to Eric Solorio, Siting Project Manager, California Energy Commission,

dated September 7, 2011 Regarding Plume Modeling Data

APPLICANT INTERESTED AGENCIES ENERGY COMMISSION

Gary Chandler, PresidentPio Pico Energy CenterP.O, Box 95592South Jordan, UT 84095orchandlerpapexpowerciroup.com

California ISOE-mail Preferrede-recipient©caiso.com

CARLA PETERMANCommissioner and Presiding Membercpeterma5energy.state ca.us

Jim BartridgeAdviser to Commissioner Petermanjbartricaenerciy.state.ca.us

KAREN DOUGLASCommissioner and AssociateMemberkicloucla(@enerdy.state.ca.us

David Jenkins, Project ManagerPio Pico Energy Center, LLC1293 E. Jessup WayMooresville, IN 46158dienkins(a,apexpowergroup com

APPLICANTS CONSULTANTS

Maggie Fitzgerald, Project ManagerURS Corporation2020 East 1st Street, Suite 400Santa Ana, CA 92705magpie fitzgeraldgurscoro.com

Galen LemeiAdviser to Commissioner Douglascilemeienergy.state.ca.us

Raoul RenaudHearing OfficerrrenaudOenerciy.state.ca.us

COUNSEL FOR APPLICANT

John A. McKinseyMelissa A. FosterStoel Rives, LLP500 Capitol Mall, Suite 1600Sacramento, CA 95814iamckinsey(@,stoel corn mafosterQstoel com

Eric SolorioSiting Project Manageresolorio0enerdy.state caus

Kevin W. BellStaff Counselkwbellenergy.state.ca.us

Jennifer JenningsPublic AdviserE-mail preferredpublicadviser5,enerciy.state.ca.us

70864439.1 0042399-00001 1

Judith M. Warmuth

DECLARATION OF SERVICE

I, Judith M. Warmuth, declare that on September 7, 2011, I deposited copies of theaforementioned document and, if applicable, a disc containing the aforementioned document inthe United States mail at 500 Capitol Mall, Suite 1600, Sacramento, California 95814, with first-class postage thereon fully prepaid and addressed to those identified on the Proof of Service listabove.

AND/OR

Transmission via electronic mail, personal delivery and first class U.S. mail were consistent withthe requirements of California Code of Regulations, Title 20, sections 1209, 1209.5, and 1210.All electronic copies were sent to all those identified on the Proof of Service list above.

I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is tr d correct.

70864439.1 0042399-00001 2